Adhuc Tacfarinas: the causes of the Tiberian war in North Africa (AD ca. 15-24) and the impact of the conflict on Roman imperial policy

During the reign of Tiberius successive governors of Africa Proconsularis struggled to suppress a serious revolt by a number of semi-nomadic tribes led by Tacfarinas. The conflict can only be explained convincingly as an indigenous act of negative negotiation of the Roman administrative encroachment on tribal territory. An in-depth analysis of the literary, epigraphic and archaeological evidence, as well as modern migration patterns, indicates that the rebellion should be perceived as the outcome of cadastral activities, which entailed taxation and confiscations. The actual causes of this rebellion do not support the traditional view of antagonism between agriculturalist and pastoralist communities in North Africa

Caratacus, The Remembered Warrior: The Legacies of Caratcaus in Roman Histories and the British Victorian Era

This study will explore the origins of the historical figure of Caratacus and analyze its reception in Victorian and Edwardian Britain. This work will begin by providing an overview of Caratacus’ context in the first century in Britannia. Then, looking at the reception of Caratacus, the study will chronologically analyze the portrayal of Caratacus in the ancient sources of Tacitus and Cassius Dio. As the first textual evidence of Caratacus, this will provide insights into Caratacus’ history and the origins of Caratacus’ transformation into an icon of Roman and British history. This work will then analyze the receptions of Caratacus in late nineteenth and early twentieth century British school readers. The author will examine how Caratacus was portrayed to the younger readers of the British Empire and will offer a hypothesis as to why Caratacus was an attractive historical figure to spotlight for the given audienc

First Century Roman Wales: An Insight Into Imperial Policy

The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical analysis of the Roman conquest on Wales. This topic is relevant to the modern day because it demonstrated one of many imperialistic instances that have occurred throughout humanity. In order to justify this, I examined Late Iron Age societies within Britannia, the Roman conquest of Wales, Roman occupation of Wales, and cultural impacts towards Welsh natives to gain a better understanding of imperialism. Primary and secondary sources were used to support this research and is further explained with the theory of cultural hegemony. Overall, the results of this study identified the Roman Empire’s motives for invading Britannia, Roman conquering strategy of Wales, and cultural impacts that the Empire had among Welsh Natives. My research identified that though the motives of the Roman Empire’s for invading were primarily to display military power, the conquering of Wales within three decades and subsequent occupation did not have a profound cultural impact on a majority of Welsh Natives

Delivery Methods and Social Network Analysis of Unethical Behavior in Construction Industry: An Exploratory Study

The construction industry accounts for about one-third of gross capital formation and is ranked as one of the most corrupt. It is a multifaceted industry with unregulated transactions in which illicit behavior can be difficult to detect. The effects of corruption go beyond demoralization associated with bribery, it can lead to substandard quality of infrastructure and insufficient funds available for project maintenance. There are a multitude of reasons identified as possible causes for unethical conduct. A few researchers cited corruption as a result of an unethical decision. Prior research concerning corruption in construction has called for several main strategies: enhanced transparency, ethical codes, project governance, and audit and information technology. However, strategies to combat corruption may not be sufficient. As Tacitus states, ‘The more corrupt the state, more the number of laws’. This research first presents an overview of unethical conduct in the construction industry. Then it examines the ethics in the industry followed by types of relationships and their structure which may be conducive to unethical conduct within the framework of different delivery methods. Further, based on interviews, the opinions of industry professionals pertaining to unethical behavior, its perception and manifestations have been documented. Finally, based on conclusions from the interviews, objective examination of Lean IPD and relational contracting as a delivery method has been made

Calpurnius Siculus in the Flavian poets

This contribution has two aims. The first is to systematically refute E. Courtney’s argumentation that Calpurnius Siculus imitated the Flavian poets (and Juvenal) rather than the other way around. The second, enabled by the first, is to undertake a first exploration of the reception of Calpurnius by the Flavian poets. It turns out that much revolves around the bucolic genre, which all the poets treat as constituted by both Virgil and Calpurnius. Statius and Silius understandably focus on the relation with epic, whereas Martial is mostly concerned with the poetics of a ‘small’ genre and with the need for patronage. Calpurnius’ Neronian panegyric, however, is scarcely used for panegyric of Domitian, either by Martial or by Statius in the Silvae