531 research outputs found
UMSL Bulletin 2023-2024
The 2023-2024 Bulletin and Course Catalog for the University of Missouri St. Louis.https://irl.umsl.edu/bulletin/1088/thumbnail.jp
UMSL Bulletin 2022-2023
The 2022-2023 Bulletin and Course Catalog for the University of Missouri St. Louis.https://irl.umsl.edu/bulletin/1087/thumbnail.jp
"Le present est plein de lâavenir, et chargĂ© du passĂ©" : VortrĂ€ge des XI. Internationalen Leibniz-Kongresses, 31. Juli â 4. August 2023, Leibniz UniversitĂ€t Hannover, Deutschland. Band 2
[No abstract available]Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/Projektnr. 517991912VGH VersicherungNiedersĂ€chsisches Ministerium fĂŒr Wissenschaft und Kultur (MWK
Stress detection in lifelog data for improved personalized lifelog retrieval system
Stress can be categorized into acute and chronic types, with acute stress having short-term positive effects in managing hazardous situations, while chronic stress can adversely impact mental health. In a biological context, stress elicits a physiological response indicative of the fight-or-flight mechanism, accompanied by measurable changes in physiological signals such as blood volume pulse (BVP), galvanic skin response (GSR), and skin temperature (TEMP). While clinical-grade devices have traditionally been used to measure these signals, recent advancements in sensor technology enable their capture using consumer-grade wearable devices, providing opportunities for research in acute stress detection. Despite these advancements, there has been limited focus on utilizing low-resolution data obtained from sensor technology for early stress detection and evaluating stress detection models under real-world conditions. Moreover, the potential of physiological signals to infer mental stress information remains largely unexplored in lifelog retrieval systems. This thesis addresses these gaps through empirical investigations and explores the potential of utilizing physiological signals for stress detection and their integration within the state-of-the-art (SOTA) lifelog retrieval system. The main contributions of this thesis are as follows. Firstly, statistical analyses are conducted to investigate the feasibility of using low-resolution data for stress detection and emphasize the superiority of subject-dependent models over subject-independent models, thereby proposing the optimal approach to training stress detection models with low-resolution data. Secondly, longitudinal stress lifelog data is collected to evaluate stress detection models in real-world settings. It is proposed that training lifelog models on physiological signals in real-world settings is crucial to avoid detection inaccuracies caused by differences between laboratory and free-living conditions. Finally, a state-of-the-art lifelog interactive retrieval system called \lifeseeker is developed, incorporating the stress-moment filter function. Experimental results demonstrate that integrating this function improves the overall performance of the system in both interactive and non-interactive modes. In summary, this thesis contributes to the understanding of stress detection applied in real-world settings and showcases the potential of integrating stress information for enhancing personalized lifelog retrieval system performance
Comparing the production of a formula with the development of L2 competence
This pilot study investigates the production of a formula with the development of L2 competence over proficiency levels of a spoken learner corpus. The results show that the formula
in beginner production data is likely being recalled holistically from learnersâ phonological
memory rather than generated online, identifiable by virtue of its fluent production in absence
of any other surface structure evidence of the formulaâs syntactic properties. As learnersâ L2
competence increases, the formula becomes sensitive to modifications which show structural
conformity at each proficiency level. The transparency between the formulaâs modification
and learnersâ corresponding L2 surface structure realisations suggest that it is the independent
development of L2 competence which integrates the formula into compositional language,
and ultimately drives the SLA process forward
Jews in East Norse Literature
This book explores the portrayal of Jews and Judaism in medieval Danish and Swedish literary and visual culture. Drawing on over 100 manuscripts and incunabula as well as runic inscriptions and religious art, the author describes the various, often contradictory, images ranging from antisemitism and anti-Judaism to the elevation of Jews as morally exemplary figures. It includes new editions of 54 East Norse texts with English translations
Understanding comparative questions and retrieving argumentative answers
Making decisions is an integral part of everyday life, yet it can be a difficult and complex process. While peoplesâ wants and needs are unlimited, resources are often scarce, making it necessary to research the possible alternatives and weigh the pros and cons before making a decision. Nowadays, the Internet has become the main source of information when it comes to comparing alternatives, making search engines the primary means for collecting new information. However, relying only on term matching is not sufficient to adequately address requests for comparisons. Therefore, search systems should go beyond this approach to effectively address comparative information needs. In this dissertation, I explore from different perspectives how search systems can respond to comparative questions. First, I examine approaches to identifying comparative questions and study their underlying information needs. Second, I investigate a methodology to identify important constituents of comparative questions like the to-be-compared options and to detect the stance of answers towards these comparison options. Then, I address ambiguous comparative search queries by studying an interactive clarification search interface. And finally, addressing answering comparative questions, I investigate retrieval approaches that consider not only the topical relevance of potential answers but also account for the presence of arguments towards the comparison options mentioned in the questions. By addressing these facets, I aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how to effectively satisfy the information needs of searchers seeking to compare different alternatives
Parading through a Circular Area Development with Arts and Sciences
In recent years, there has been increased attention toward art-science collaborations. Such collaborations encompass a broad spectrum of activities, ranging from artistic projects informed by technology and scientific research and vice versa, to novel forms of inquiry and communication at the intersection of the arts and sciences, combining diverse forms of knowledge and imagination. While such collaborations are not necessarily new, their recent manifestations allow us to gain insights into how complex societal challenges might be approached through multi-actor and disciplinary partnershi
Lâappropriation dâun lecteur de glucose connectĂ© Ă mesure flash chez les personnes vivant avec un diabĂšte en contexte dâĂ©ducation thĂ©rapeutique
Cotutelle internationale avec le Laboratoire Ăducations et Promotion de la SantĂ© (SantĂ© publique - UR 3412) de l'UniversitĂ© Sorbonne Paris Nord.L'autosurveillance glycĂ©mique est essentielle pour les personnes vivant avec un diabĂšte afin d'Ă©valuer leur glycĂ©mie et adapter leurs traitements ou comportements. En France, depuis 2017, le glucomĂštre connectĂ© Ă mesure flash FreeStyle Libre est proposĂ© aux personnes vivant avec un diabĂšte Ă la condition de suivre une Ă©ducation spĂ©cifique au sein de structures coutumiĂšres de lâĂ©ducation thĂ©rapeutique et du diabĂšte. La littĂ©rature scientifique a montrĂ© l'efficacitĂ© de l'autosurveillance avec ce systĂšme, mais il existe peu d'Ă©tudes sur son appropriation et son impact. Cette recherche vise Ă dĂ©crire et comprendre le phĂ©nomĂšne dâappropriation du FreeStyle Libre en identifiant comment elle sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e, comment elle sâopĂ©rationnalise, selon quelles interventions, chez qui cela fonctionne, dans quels contextes, et quels sont les mĂ©canismes en jeu. Une Ă©valuation rĂ©aliste a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e en se basant sur une thĂ©orie de moyenne portĂ©e. Cette recherche a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e au sein de quatre terrains en rĂ©gion parisienne auprĂšs de 48 personnes vivant avec un diabĂšte et professionnels de santĂ©. Tout dâabord, les rĂ©sultats montrent quâau cours du temps, les programmes ont Ă©voluĂ© dans leurs modalitĂ©s et contenus, dans la façon dont ils sâorganisaient, mais aussi que les interventions Ă©ducatives rĂ©ellement mises en Ćuvre diffĂšrent au regard des interventions qui sont censĂ©es avoir cours. Ensuite, pour expliquer lâappropriation du FreeStyle Libre, 114 chaĂźnes de contexte-mĂ©canismes et effets ont Ă©tĂ© construites et Ă©clairent sur lâacceptation du FreeStyle Libre, les conditions et modalitĂ©s dâutilisation et sur les effets produits grĂące Ă celle-ci. Les chaĂźnes de contextes-mĂ©canismes-effets mettent en Ă©vidence des contextes plus favorables Ă lâappropriation (littĂ©ratie numĂ©rique Ă©levĂ©e, empowerment prĂ©existant, engagement dans la dĂ©marche dâautogestionâŠ) et des contextes moins favorables (trait de personnalitĂ© compulsive, littĂ©ratie gĂ©nĂ©rale ou numĂ©rique faible, absence dâĂ©ducation et dâaccompagnementâŠ). Les mĂ©canismes qui sont gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s font appel aux connaissances, Ă lâabsence de crainte sur la confidentialitĂ© et lâimmixtion dans la vie privĂ©e, Ă la motivation, et aux normes personnelles. Lâacceptation du FSL est forte et fait intervenir la perception que la technologie peut contribuer Ă la performance de lâautosurveillance glycĂ©mique et quâelle est facile Ă utiliser. Ensuite, lâanalyse a permis de discriminer plusieurs modalitĂ©s dâutilisation suivant des indicateurs quantitatifs et qualitatifs de lâusage. Des effets de lâappropriation sont identifiĂ©s dans lâamĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© de vie dans le diabĂšte, lâamĂ©lioration de la relation interpersonnelle entre soignants et personnes soignĂ©es, dans la diminution dâune anxiĂ©tĂ© liĂ©e au diabĂšte, dans lâadaptation des traitements et des comportements et enfin dans la connaissance de la maladie et le raisonnement des personnes. La thĂ©orie de moyenne portĂ©e finale constituĂ©e sur la base de ces rĂ©sultats adresse un modĂšle global de lâappropriation du FreeStyle Libre. Cette Ă©tude montre quâil existe de nombreuses variations de lâappropriation. Elle situe que lâĂ©ducation Ă lâutilisation du FreeStyle Libre est nĂ©cessaire pour en tirer davantage parti et identifie un manque dâintĂ©gration de la technologie connectĂ©e dans les programmes dâĂ©ducation thĂ©rapeutique, ce qui constitue un enjeu particulier pour lâavenir.Self-monitoring of blood glucose is essential for people living with diabetes to assess their blood glucose levels and adapt their treatment or behaviour. In France, since 2017, the FreeStyle Libre (FSL) flash glucose meter has been offered to people living with diabetes on the condition that they attend a specific education program within facilities accustomed to diabetes and therapeutic education. The scientific literature has shown the efficacy of self-monitoring with this system, but there are few studies on its appropriation and impact. This research aims to describe and understand the phenomenon of appropriation of FreeStyle Libre by identifying how it has been implemented, how it is operationalized, according to which interventions, in whom it works, in which contexts, and what mechanisms are at work. A realist evaluation was carried out based on a middle-range theory. This research was conducted in four settings in the Paris area involving 48 people living with diabetes and healthcare professionals. First of all, the results show that over time, the programmes have evolved in their modalities and contents, in the way they were organized, but also that the implemented educational interventions differed from those that were supposed to take place. Next, to explain the appropriation of FreeStyle Libre, 114 context-mechanism-effect chains were constructed that shed light on the acceptance of FreeStyle Libre, the conditions and modalities of its use, and the effects produced through it. The context-mechanism-effect chains highlight contexts that are more favourable to appropriation (high digital literacy, pre-existing empowerment, commitment to self-management, etc.) and less favourable contexts (compulsive personality trait, low general or digital literacy, lack of education and support, etc.). The mechanisms that are generated involve knowledge, lack of fear about confidentiality and privacy, motivation, and personal norms. Acceptance of the FSL is strong and involves the perception that the technology can contribute to the performance of self-monitoring of blood glucose and that it is easy to use. Then, the analysis allowed us to distinguish several modalities of use according to quantitative and qualitative indicators of use. The effects of appropriation are identified in the improvement of the quality of life in diabetes, the improvement of the interpersonal relationship between caregivers and cared-for persons, the reduction of anxiety related to diabetes, the adaptation of treatments and behaviours, and finally in the knowledge of the disease and the reasoning of the persons. The final middle-range theory built on these results addresses a global model of the appropriation of FreeStyle Libre.
This study shows that there are many variations of appropriation. It identifies that education in the use of FreeStyle Libre is needed to get more out of it, and identifies a lack of integration of connected technology into health education programmes, which is a particular challenge for the future
Appraising the Potential Uses and Harms of LLMs for Medical Systematic Reviews
Medical systematic reviews play a vital role in healthcare decision making
and policy. However, their production is time-consuming, limiting the
availability of high-quality and up-to-date evidence summaries. Recent
advancements in large language models (LLMs) offer the potential to
automatically generate literature reviews on demand, addressing this issue.
However, LLMs sometimes generate inaccurate (and potentially misleading) texts
by hallucination or omission. In healthcare, this can make LLMs unusable at
best and dangerous at worst. We conducted 16 interviews with international
systematic review experts to characterize the perceived utility and risks of
LLMs in the specific context of medical evidence reviews. Experts indicated
that LLMs can assist in the writing process by drafting summaries, generating
templates, distilling information, and crosschecking information. They also
raised concerns regarding confidently composed but inaccurate LLM outputs and
other potential downstream harms, including decreased accountability and
proliferation of low-quality reviews. Informed by this qualitative analysis, we
identify criteria for rigorous evaluation of biomedical LLMs aligned with
domain expert views.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures, 8 tables. Accepted as an EMNLP 2023 main pape
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