Systems, Resilience, and Organization: Analogies and Points of Contact with Hierarchy Theory

Aim of this paper is to provide preliminary elements for discussion about the implications of the Hierarchy Theory of Evolution on the design and evolution of artificial systems and socio-technical organizations. In order to achieve this goal, a number of analogies are drawn between the System of Leibniz; the socio-technical architecture known as Fractal Social Organization; resilience and related disciplines; and Hierarchy Theory. In so doing we hope to provide elements for reflection and, hopefully, enrich the discussion on the above topics with considerations pertaining to related fields and disciplines, including computer science, management science, cybernetics, social systems, and general systems theory.Comment: To appear in the Proceedings of ANTIFRAGILE'17, 4th International Workshop on Computational Antifragility and Antifragile Engineerin

Understanding the role of organizational culture on Artificial Intelligence capabilities and organizational performance

Master's thesis in Information systems (IS501)Context: The past few years Artificial Intelligence has become the top technological priority for many organizations. AI technologies have a huge potential to improve organizational performance, however many organizations face challenges when adopting AI technologies. Firms achieve competitive advantage when they are able to build capabilities that are hard to imitate. Organizational culture is an important factor when building AI capabilities in order to achieve success when adopting AI technologies. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explain how organizations can develop and exploit AI capabilities by changing their organizational culture. To measure this, we looked at how; 1) organizational culture impacts AI capabilities. and 2) how AI capabilities impact social-, market-and competitive performance. Results: Our analysis validates our four hypotheses. First, organizational culture has a positive effect on artificial intelligence capabilities. Second, artificial intelligence capabilities have a positive effect on social performance. Third, artificial intelligence capabilities have a positive effect on market performance. Fourth, artificial intelligence capabilities have a positive effect on competitive performance. Conclusion: We can conclude that organizational culture is an important factor for developing AI capabilities, and that AI capabilities have a positive impact on an organizational performance. To utilize AI technologies organizations should look at the organizational culture to improve their AI capabilities. Keywords: Organizational culture, artificial intelligence capabilities, social performance, market performance, competitive performance

Selforganization as the most perfect form of organization

The fact is that everything in the natural and social order has emerged through the process of organizing. It has been scientifically proven that there are two types of organization, as follows: natural or selforganization and artificial, i.e. conscious organization. Self-organization exists in the natural order, and typical examples are: cosmos, all living creatures, especially man as a perfect self-organization. Reasonable organization is the result of man as a conscious living being and it consists of all kinds of social organizations, such as companies, institutions and other types of organizational systems. Self-organization functions based on the laws of nature, and organizing takes place based on man’s ideas, man being the example of the highest quality of selforganization. Although self-organization is the highest quality form of organization, it is rarely or not at all spoken about, and it is even more rarely applied in practice. Many analogies of self-organization could be transferred to the artificial organizations and enterprises, institutions and other institutions. This paper aims to highlight the characteristics of self-organization as a result of natural organization, in order for certain principles from this method of organization to be transferred to artificial organizations

Active Inference: Applicability to Different Types of Social Organization Explained through Reference to Industrial Engineering and Quality Management

Active inference is a physics of life process theory of perception, action and learning that is applicable to natural and artificial agents. In this paper, active inference theory is related to different types of practice in social organization. Here, the term social organization is used to clarify that this paper does not encompass organization in biological systems. Rather, the paper addresses active inference in social organization that utilizes industrial engineering, quality management, and artificial intelligence alongside human intelligence. Social organization referred to in this paper can be in private companies, public institutions, other for-profit or not-for-profit organizations, and any combination of them. The relevance of active inference theory is explained in terms of variational free energy, prediction errors, generative models, and Markov blankets. Active inference theory is most relevant to the social organization of work that is highly repetitive. By contrast, there are more challenges involved in applying active inference theory for social organization of less repetitive endeavors such as one-of-a-kind projects. These challenges need to be addressed in order for active inference to provide a unifying framework for different types of social organization employing human and artificial intelligence

Diffusion of AI Governance

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to address social, economic, and environmental challenges. However, effective use of AI in organizations relies on the establishment of an AI governance framework. Although existing studies have discussed a variety of issues raised by AI-based systems and proposed AI governance frameworks to overcome those issues, organizations face challenges in adopting AI governance. Informed by innovation diffusion theory, this research evaluates the impact of internal and external influences on AI governance adoption between highly regulated and less regulated industries. We also assess the effect of adopting AI governance on organizational performance. Findings from this study will not only provide a nuanced understanding of the source of AI governance adoption, but also provide implications and guidelines for implementing AI governance in organizations

The Pudding of Trust

Trust - "reliance on the integrity, ability, or character of a person or thing" - is pervasive in social systems. We constantly apply it in interactions between people, organizations, animals, and even artifacts. We use it instinctively and implicitly in closed and static systems, or consciously and explicitly in open or dynamic systems. An epitome for the former case is a small village, where everybody knows everybody, and the villagers instinctively use their knowledge or stereotypes to trust or distrust their neighbors. A big city exemplifies the latter case, where people use explicit rules of behavior in diverse trust relationships. We already use trust in computing systems extensively, although usually subconsciously. The challenge for exploiting trust in computing lies in extending the use of trust-based solutions, first to artificial entities such as software agents or subsystems, then to human users' subconscious choices

NGOs’ role in improving social forestry practice:does it help to increase livelihood, sustainability and optimum land use in Bangladesh?

At present, encroachment rate is too high and increasing alarmingly that causes environmental degradation as well as low forest cover and productivity in Bangladesh. Rural poverty accelerates the encroachment in meeting the demand of dwelling place and forest products. The natural encroached and degraded forest is under public management regime while a substantial amount of marginal land belongs to other semi-public agencies such as Roads and Highways, Water Development board and so on. Due to lack of initiatives and proper management these lands have been left unused and under utilized. In contrast, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are with appropriate management structure and technologies to utilize these lands in reducing poverty and enhance rural livelihood. In order to rehabilitate these encroached forests non-governmental organizations have been found to be very active and successful. They have added a new dimension in the forest management, which has ensured participation of the community people and protection of the forest, no matter artificial planting or natural. The study attempted to evaluate the social forestry activities of Four large NGOs namely BRAC, PROSHIKA, CARITAS, CARE. The study also discussed the public social forestry activities to find out the nature of the program and the involvement of the local people. By following a framework of common partnership between public and private management systems, the issue ‘property right conflicts’ has been resolved and enhanced rural life as well as created scope of utilizing the marginal lands. As an outcome of this common partnership 33,472 km roadside plantation, 53,430 ha reforestation activities and so on have been carried out in last two decades. The achievement of NGOs’ partnership in managing forest resource seems to be effective towards poverty irradiation and better livelihood.NGO, socio-economics of social forestry, positive and negative sign of NGO

Challenges for adaptation in agent societies

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/[insert DOIAdaptation in multiagent systems societies provides a paradigm for allowing these societies to change dynamically in order to satisfy the current requirements of the system. This support is especially required for the next generation of systems that focus on open, dynamic, and adaptive applications. In this paper, we analyze the current state of the art regarding approaches that tackle the adaptation issue in these agent societies. We survey the most relevant works up to now in order to highlight the most remarkable features according to what they support and how this support is provided. In order to compare these approaches, we also identify different characteristics of the adaptation process that are grouped in different phases. 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