131,761 research outputs found
Surface-Directed Spinodal Decomposition: A Molecular Dynamics Study
We use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study surface-directed spinodal
decomposition (SDSD) in unstable binary () fluid mixtures at wetting
surfaces. The thickness of the wetting layer grows with time as a
power-law (). We find that hydrodynamic effects result in a
crossover of the growth exponent from to . We
also present results for the layer-wise correlation functions and domain length
scales.Comment: 29 pages, 13 figures, submitted to PR
Non-Equilibrium Quantum Dissipation
Dissipative processes in non-equilibrium many-body systems are fundamentally
different than their equilibrium counterparts. Such processes are of great
importance for the understanding of relaxation in single molecule devices. As a
detailed case study, we investigate here a generic spin-fermion model, where a
two-level system couples to two metallic leads with different chemical
potentials. We present results for the spin relaxation rate in the nonadiabatic
limit for an arbitrary coupling to the leads, using both analytical and exact
numerical methods. The non-equilibrium dynamics is reflected by an exponential
relaxation at long times and via complex phase shifts, leading in some cases to
an "anti-orthogonality" effect. In the limit of strong system-lead coupling at
zero temperature we demonstrate the onset of a Marcus-like Gaussian decay with
{\it voltage difference} activation. This is analogous to the equilibrium
spin-boson model, where at strong coupling and high temperatures the spin
excitation rate manifests temperature activated Gaussian behavior. We find that
there is no simple linear relationship between the role of the temperature in
the bosonic system and a voltage drop in a non-equilibrium electronic case. The
two models also differ by the orthogonality-catastrophe factor existing in a
fermionic system, which modifies the resulting lineshapes. Implications for
current characteristics are discussed. We demonstrate the violation of
pair-wise Coulomb gas behavior for strong coupling to the leads. The results
presented in this paper form the basis of an exact, non-perturbative
description of steady-state quantum dissipative systems
Exact solutions to the nonlinear dynamics of learning in deep linear neural networks
Despite the widespread practical success of deep learning methods, our
theoretical understanding of the dynamics of learning in deep neural networks
remains quite sparse. We attempt to bridge the gap between the theory and
practice of deep learning by systematically analyzing learning dynamics for the
restricted case of deep linear neural networks. Despite the linearity of their
input-output map, such networks have nonlinear gradient descent dynamics on
weights that change with the addition of each new hidden layer. We show that
deep linear networks exhibit nonlinear learning phenomena similar to those seen
in simulations of nonlinear networks, including long plateaus followed by rapid
transitions to lower error solutions, and faster convergence from greedy
unsupervised pretraining initial conditions than from random initial
conditions. We provide an analytical description of these phenomena by finding
new exact solutions to the nonlinear dynamics of deep learning. Our theoretical
analysis also reveals the surprising finding that as the depth of a network
approaches infinity, learning speed can nevertheless remain finite: for a
special class of initial conditions on the weights, very deep networks incur
only a finite, depth independent, delay in learning speed relative to shallow
networks. We show that, under certain conditions on the training data,
unsupervised pretraining can find this special class of initial conditions,
while scaled random Gaussian initializations cannot. We further exhibit a new
class of random orthogonal initial conditions on weights that, like
unsupervised pre-training, enjoys depth independent learning times. We further
show that these initial conditions also lead to faithful propagation of
gradients even in deep nonlinear networks, as long as they operate in a special
regime known as the edge of chaos.Comment: Submission to ICLR2014. Revised based on reviewer feedbac
Dynamical Local Chirality and Chiral Symmetry Breaking
We present some of the reasoning and results substantiating the notion that
spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking (SChSB) in QCD is encoded in local chiral
properties of Dirac eigenmodes. Such association is possible when viewing
chirality as a dynamical effect, measured with respect to the benchmark of
statistically independent left-right components. Following this rationale leads
to describing local chiral behavior by a taylor-made correlation, namely the
recently introduced correlation coefficient of polarization C_A. In this
language, correlated modes (C_A>0) show dynamical preference for local
chirality while anti-correlated modes (C_A<0) favor anti-chirality. Our
conclusion is that SChSB in QCD can be viewed as dominance of low-energy
correlation (chirality) over anti-correlation (anti-chirality) of Dirac sea.
The spectral range of local chirality, chiral polarization scale Lambda_ch, is
a dynamically generated scale in the theory associated with SChSB. One
implication of these findings is briefly discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures. Talk given at "Quark Confinement and the Hadron
Spectrum X", Munich, Germany, Oct. 8-12, 201
Sensory memory for odors is encoded in spontaneous correlated activity between olfactory glomeruli
Sensory memory is a short-lived persistence of a sensory stimulus in the nervous system, such as iconic memory in the visual system. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying olfactory sensory memory. We have therefore analyzed the effect of odor stimuli on the first odor-processing network in the honeybee brain, the antennal lobe, which corresponds to the vertebrate olfactory bulb. We stained output neurons with a calcium-sensitive dye and measured across-glomerular patterns of spontaneous activity before and after a stimulus. Such a single-odor presentation changed the relative timing of spontaneous activity across glomeruli in accordance with Hebb's theory of learning. Moreover, during the first few minutes after odor presentation, correlations between the spontaneous activity fluctuations suffice to reconstruct the stimulus. As spontaneous activity is ubiquitous in the brain, modifiable fluctuations could provide an ideal substrate for Hebbian reverberations and sensory memory in other neural systems
Quantitative field theory of the glass transition
We develop a full microscopic replica field theory of the dynamical
transition in glasses. By studying the soft modes that appear at the dynamical
temperature we obtain an effective theory for the critical fluctuations. This
analysis leads to several results: we give expressions for the mean field
critical exponents, and we study analytically the critical behavior of a set of
four-points correlation functions from which we can extract the dynamical
correlation length. Finally, we can obtain a Ginzburg criterion that states the
range of validity of our analysis. We compute all these quantities within the
Hypernetted Chain Approximation (HNC) for the Gibbs free energy and we find
results that are consistent with numerical simulations.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures + supplementary information -- a few minor errors
of the published version have been fixe
Image Encryption Based on Diffusion and Multiple Chaotic Maps
In the recent world, security is a prime important issue, and encryption is
one of the best alternative way to ensure security. More over, there are many
image encryption schemes have been proposed, each one of them has its own
strength and weakness. This paper presents a new algorithm for the image
encryption/decryption scheme. This paper is devoted to provide a secured image
encryption technique using multiple chaotic based circular mapping. In this
paper, first, a pair of sub keys is given by using chaotic logistic maps.
Second, the image is encrypted using logistic map sub key and in its
transformation leads to diffusion process. Third, sub keys are generated by
four different chaotic maps. Based on the initial conditions, each map may
produce various random numbers from various orbits of the maps. Among those
random numbers, a particular number and from a particular orbit are selected as
a key for the encryption algorithm. Based on the key, a binary sequence is
generated to control the encryption algorithm. The input image of 2-D is
transformed into a 1- D array by using two different scanning pattern (raster
and Zigzag) and then divided into various sub blocks. Then the position
permutation and value permutation is applied to each binary matrix based on
multiple chaos maps. Finally the receiver uses the same sub keys to decrypt the
encrypted images. The salient features of the proposed image encryption method
are loss-less, good peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), Symmetric key
encryption, less cross correlation, very large number of secret keys, and
key-dependent pixel value replacement.Comment: 14 pages,9 figures and 5 tables;
http://airccse.org/journal/jnsa11_current.html, 201
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