68 research outputs found

    Simheuristic and learnheuristic algorithms for the temporary-facility location and queuing problem during population treatment or testing events

    Get PDF
    Epidemic outbreaks, such as the one generated by the coronavirus disease, have raised the need for more efficient healthcare logistics. One of the challenges that many governments have to face in such scenarios is the deployment of temporary medical facilities across a region with the purpose of providing medical services to their citizens. This work tackles this temporary-facility location and queuing problem with the goals of minimizing costs, the expected completion time, population travel and waiting times. The completion time for a facility depends on the numbers assigned to those facilities as well as stochastic arrival times. This work proposes a learnheuristic algorithm to solve the facility location and population assignment problem. Firstly a machine learning algorithm is trained using data from a queuing model (simulation module). The learnheuristic then constructs solutions using the machine learning algorithm to rapidly evaluate decisions in terms of facility completion and population waiting times. The efficiency and quality of the algorithm is demonstrated by comparison with exact and simulation-only (simheuristic) methodologies. A series of experiments are performed which explore the trade offs between solution cost, completion time, population travel and waiting times.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

    Development of transportation and supply chain problems with the combination of agent-based simulation and network optimization

    Get PDF
    Demand drives a different range of supply chain and logistics location decisions, and agent-based modeling (ABM) introduces innovative solutions to address supply chain and logistics problems. This dissertation focuses on an agent-based and network optimization approach to resolve those problems and features three research projects that cover prevalent supply chain management and logistics problems. The first case study evaluates demographic densities in Norway, Finland, and Sweden, and covers how distribution center (DC) locations can be established using a minimizing trip distance approach. Furthermore, traveling time maps are developed for each scenario. In addition, the Nordic area consisting of those three countries is analyzed and five DC location optimization results are presented. The second case study introduces transportation cost modelling in the process of collecting tree logs from several districts and transporting them to the nearest collection point. This research project presents agent-based modelling (ABM) that incorporates comprehensively the key elements of the pick-up and delivery supply chain model and designs the components as autonomous agents communicating with each other. The modelling merges various components such as GIS routing, potential facility locations, random tree log pickup locations, fleet sizing, trip distance, and truck and train transportation. The entire pick-up and delivery operation are modeled by ABM and modeling outcomes are provided by time series charts such as the number of trucks in use, facilities inventory and travel distance. In addition, various scenarios of simulation based on potential facility locations and truck numbers are evaluated and the optimal facility location and fleet size are identified. In the third case study, an agent-based modeling strategy is used to address the problem of vehicle scheduling and fleet optimization. The solution method is employed to data from a real-world organization, and a set of key performance indicators are created to assess the resolution's effectiveness. The ABM method, contrary to other modeling approaches, is a fully customized method that can incorporate extensively various processes and elements. ABM applying the autonomous agent concept can integrate various components that exist in the complex supply chain and create a similar system to assess the supply chain efficiency.Tuotteiden kysyntä ohjaa erilaisia toimitusketju- ja logistiikkasijaintipäätöksiä, ja agenttipohjainen mallinnusmenetelmä (ABM) tuo innovatiivisia ratkaisuja toimitusketjun ja logistiikan ongelmien ratkaisemiseen. Tämä väitöskirja keskittyy agenttipohjaiseen mallinnusmenetelmään ja verkon optimointiin tällaisten ongelmien ratkaisemiseksi, ja sisältää kolme tapaustutkimusta, jotka voidaan luokitella kuuluvan yleisiin toimitusketjun hallinta- ja logistiikkaongelmiin. Ensimmäinen tapaustutkimus esittelee kuinka käyttämällä väestötiheyksiä Norjassa, Suomessa ja Ruotsissa voidaan määrittää strategioita jakelukeskusten (DC) sijaintiin käyttämällä matkan etäisyyden minimoimista. Kullekin skenaariolle kehitetään matka-aikakartat. Lisäksi analysoidaan näistä kolmesta maasta koostuvaa pohjoismaista aluetta ja esitetään viisi mahdollista sijaintia optimointituloksena. Toinen tapaustutkimus esittelee kuljetuskustannusmallintamisen prosessissa, jossa puutavaraa kerätään useilta alueilta ja kuljetetaan lähimpään keräyspisteeseen. Tämä tutkimusprojekti esittelee agenttipohjaista mallinnusta (ABM), joka yhdistää kattavasti noudon ja toimituksen toimitusketjumallin keskeiset elementit ja suunnittelee komponentit keskenään kommunikoiviksi autonomisiksi agenteiksi. Mallinnuksessa yhdistetään erilaisia komponentteja, kuten GIS-reititys, mahdolliset tilojen sijainnit, satunnaiset puunhakupaikat, kaluston mitoitus, matkan pituus sekä monimuotokuljetukset. ABM:n avulla mallinnetaan noutojen ja toimituksien koko ketju ja tuloksena saadaan aikasarjoja kuvaamaan käytössä olevat kuorma-autot, sekä varastomäärät ja ajetut matkat. Lisäksi arvioidaan erilaisia simuloinnin skenaarioita mahdollisten laitosten sijainnista ja kuorma-autojen lukumäärästä sekä tunnistetaan optimaalinen toimipisteen sijainti ja tarvittava autojen määrä. Kolmannessa tapaustutkimuksessa agenttipohjaista mallinnusstrategiaa käytetään ratkaisemaan ajoneuvojen aikataulujen ja kaluston optimoinnin ongelma. Ratkaisumenetelmää käytetään dataan, joka on peräisin todellisesta organisaatiosta, ja ratkaisun tehokkuuden arvioimiseksi luodaan lukuisia keskeisiä suorituskykyindikaattoreita. ABM-menetelmä, toisin kuin monet muut mallintamismenetelmät, on täysin räätälöitävissä oleva menetelmä, joka voi sisältää laajasti erilaisia prosesseja ja elementtejä. Autonomisia agentteja soveltava ABM voi integroida erilaisia komponentteja, jotka ovat olemassa monimutkaisessa toimitusketjussa ja luoda vastaavan järjestelmän toimitusketjun tehokkuuden arvioimiseksi yksityiskohtaisesti.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

    Optimizing transportation systems and logistics network configurations : From biased-randomized algorithms to fuzzy simheuristics

    Get PDF
    242 páginasTransportation and logistics (T&L) are currently highly relevant functions in any competitive industry. Locating facilities or distributing goods to hundreds or thousands of customers are activities with a high degree of complexity, regardless of whether facilities and customers are placed all over the globe or in the same city. A countless number of alternative strategic, tactical, and operational decisions can be made in T&L systems; hence, reaching an optimal solution –e.g., a solution with the minimum cost or the maximum profit– is a really difficult challenge, even by the most powerful existing computers. Approximate methods, such as heuristics, metaheuristics, and simheuristics, are then proposed to solve T&L problems. They do not guarantee optimal results, but they yield good solutions in short computational times. These characteristics become even more important when considering uncertainty conditions, since they increase T&L problems’ complexity. Modeling uncertainty implies to introduce complex mathematical formulas and procedures, however, the model realism increases and, therefore, also its reliability to represent real world situations. Stochastic approaches, which require the use of probability distributions, are one of the most employed approaches to model uncertain parameters. Alternatively, if the real world does not provide enough information to reliably estimate a probability distribution, then fuzzy logic approaches become an alternative to model uncertainty. Hence, the main objective of this thesis is to design hybrid algorithms that combine fuzzy and stochastic simulation with approximate and exact methods to solve T&L problems considering operational, tactical, and strategic decision levels. This thesis is organized following a layered structure, in which each introduced layer enriches the previous one.El transporte y la logística (T&L) son actualmente funciones de gran relevancia en cual quier industria competitiva. La localización de instalaciones o la distribución de mercancías a cientos o miles de clientes son actividades con un alto grado de complejidad, indepen dientemente de si las instalaciones y los clientes se encuentran en todo el mundo o en la misma ciudad. En los sistemas de T&L se pueden tomar un sinnúmero de decisiones al ternativas estratégicas, tácticas y operativas; por lo tanto, llegar a una solución óptima –por ejemplo, una solución con el mínimo costo o la máxima utilidad– es un desafío realmente di fícil, incluso para las computadoras más potentes que existen hoy en día. Así pues, métodos aproximados, tales como heurísticas, metaheurísticas y simheurísticas, son propuestos para resolver problemas de T&L. Estos métodos no garantizan resultados óptimos, pero ofrecen buenas soluciones en tiempos computacionales cortos. Estas características se vuelven aún más importantes cuando se consideran condiciones de incertidumbre, ya que estas aumen tan la complejidad de los problemas de T&L. Modelar la incertidumbre implica introducir fórmulas y procedimientos matemáticos complejos, sin embargo, el realismo del modelo aumenta y, por lo tanto, también su confiabilidad para representar situaciones del mundo real. Los enfoques estocásticos, que requieren el uso de distribuciones de probabilidad, son uno de los enfoques más empleados para modelar parámetros inciertos. Alternativamente, si el mundo real no proporciona suficiente información para estimar de manera confiable una distribución de probabilidad, los enfoques que hacen uso de lógica difusa se convier ten en una alternativa para modelar la incertidumbre. Así pues, el objetivo principal de esta tesis es diseñar algoritmos híbridos que combinen simulación difusa y estocástica con métodos aproximados y exactos para resolver problemas de T&L considerando niveles de decisión operativos, tácticos y estratégicos. Esta tesis se organiza siguiendo una estructura por capas, en la que cada capa introducida enriquece a la anterior. Por lo tanto, en primer lugar se exponen heurísticas y metaheurísticas sesgadas-aleatorizadas para resolver proble mas de T&L que solo incluyen parámetros determinísticos. Posteriormente, la simulación Monte Carlo se agrega a estos enfoques para modelar parámetros estocásticos. Por último, se emplean simheurísticas difusas para abordar simultáneamente la incertidumbre difusa y estocástica. Una serie de experimentos numéricos es diseñada para probar los algoritmos propuestos, utilizando instancias de referencia, instancias nuevas e instancias del mundo real. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la eficiencia de los algoritmos diseñados, tanto en costo como en tiempo, así como su confiabilidad para resolver problemas realistas que incluyen incertidumbre y múltiples restricciones y condiciones que enriquecen todos los problemas abordados.Doctorado en Logística y Gestión de Cadenas de SuministrosDoctor en Logística y Gestión de Cadenas de Suministro

    A hybrid multi-objective approach to capacitated facility location with flexible store allocation for green logistics modeling

    Get PDF
    We propose an efficient evolutionary multi-objective optimization approach to the capacitated facility location–allocation problem (CFLP) for solving large instances that considers flexibility at the allocation level, where financial costs and CO2 emissions are considered simultaneously. Our approach utilizes suitably adapted Lagrangian Relaxation models for dealing with costs and CO2 emissions at the allocation level, within a multi-objective evolutionary framework at the location level. Thus our method assesses the robustness of each location solution with respect to our two objectives for customer allocation. We extend our exploration of selected solutions by considering a range of trade-offs for customer allocation

    Green Facility Location – A Case Study

    Get PDF
    “Green logistics” is a popular catchword, not only in public and among companies, but also in academia. In this paper we apply the concept of green logistics to the facility location problem: Optimizing the locations of facilities in the general p-median model. This is based on CO2 emissions generated through transportation rather than traditional cost measures, such as physical transportation cost. We examine the results of a real world case study and compare those with each other. Especially implications for real world application are critically discussed

    Multi-objective Optimization Proposal with Fuzzy Coefficients in both Constraints and Objective Functions.

    Get PDF
    Propuesta de optimización multiobjetivo con coeficientes difusos en restricciones y en funciones objetivo.AbstractFuzzy sets, and more specifically, fuzzy numbers can be a very suitable way to include uncertainty within the formulation and solution of linear problems with multiple goals. Goals in a decision problem do not need to be either maximized, or minimized, as in classical mathematical programming, but they are substituted by aspiration levels, and they need to be met in order to satisfy the decision-maker. Experience shows that it is easier for the decision-maker to formulate both objectives and constraints with fuzzy coefficients, rather than specify a defined quantity for the matrices A, b or g. This paper shows the versatility of a methodology that solves multi-objective linear problems, formulated with fuzzy coefficients. This conception becomes an alternative in contrast with the hard methodologies predominant in Operations Research, since the fuzzy approach allows the decision-maker to make uncertain assumptions both for the formulation and solution of optimization problems.Keywords: Fuzzy logic, multi-criteria analysis, triangular fuzzy numbers.ResumenLos conjuntos difusos y específicamente los números difusos constituyen una manera efectiva de incluir la incertidumbre en la formulación y solución de problemas lineales de optimización multiobjetivo. Las metas en un problema de decisión no necesitan ser maximizadas ni minimizadas, como ocurre en las herramientas clásicas de programación matemática, sino que se pueden sustituir por niveles de aspiración, las cuales constituyen las expectativas para un decisor. La experiencia demuestra que es más fácil para el decisor formular los objetivos y las restricciones en un problema con coeficientes difusos, en vez de simplemente especificar un número concreto en las matrices A, b ó g. Este artículo presenta la versatilidad de una formulación metodológica que permite resolver problemas multiobjetivo de tipo lineal, los cuales son formulados con coeficientes difusos. Esta concepción constituye una alternativa a las metodologías duras que dominan la investigación de operaciones, dado que la aproximación difusa permite que los decisores realicen presunciones inciertas en la formulación y solución en los problemas de optimización.Palabras Clave: Lógica difusa, análisis multiobjetivo, números triangulares difusos

    A memetic algorithm for location-routing problem with time windows for the attention of seismic disasters a case study from Bucaramanga, Colombia

    Get PDF
    Introduction− In recent years, a great part of the population has been affected by natural and man-caused disasters. Hence, evacua-tion planning has an important role in the reduction of the number of victims during a natural disaster. Objective−In order to contribute to current studies of operations research in disaster management, this paper addresses evacuation planning of urban areas by using buses to pick up affected people after an earthquake.Methodology−The situation is modeled using Location-Routing Problem with Time Windows (LRPTW) to locate emergency shelters and identify evacuation routes that meet attention time constraints. To solve the LRPTW problem, a memetic algorithm (MA) is de-signed to minimize the total response time during an evacuation. The algorithm is not only validated using instances of literature, but also with the assessment of a case study of a seismic event in Bucaramanga, Colombia.Results and conclusions− The main contribution of this article is the development of a memetic algorithm for the solution of the proposed model that allows to solve real-size instances. The hybrid initialization of the MA prevents an early convergence by combin-ing randomness and a heuristic technique. Computational results indicate that the MA is a viable approach for the LRPTW solution. Likewise, a case study is presented for the city of Bucaramanga in order to validate the proposed model. Two scenarios are simulated showing that the management of the time windows (homogeneous or random) directly influences the solution and affects the objec-tive function. From a practical perspective, the location-routing problem must consider other criteria such as the cost of evacua-tion, including the attention delay cost, and the cost of opening shelters and routing.Introducción− En años recientes gran parte de la población ha sido afectada por desastres tanto naturales como antrópicos. Por esto, la planificación de la evacuación juega un papel importante en la reduc-ción del número de víctimas ante un desastre natural. Objetivo− Con el propósito de contribuir a los estudios actuales desde la investigación de operaciones en gestión de desastres, esta inves-tigación aborda la planificación de la evacuación de áreas urbanas usando buses para recoger afectados.Metodología− El problema se modela mediante un problema de localización-ruteo con ventanas de tiempo (LRPTW) para determinar el número y la ubicación de los albergues las y rutas de recolección para evacuación, cumpliendo restricciones en tiempo de atención. Para solucionar el LRPTW, se diseña un algoritmo memético (MA) que minimiza el tiempo total de respuesta en la evacuación. El algo-ritmo es validado en instancias de la literatura y mediante un caso de estudio de un evento sísmico en Bucaramanga (Colombia).Resultados y conclusiones− La contribución principal de este ar-tículo es el desarrollo de un MA para solucionar el modelo propuesto, que permite resolver instancias de tamaño real. La inicialización híbrida del MA evita una convergencia temprana, combinando alea-toriedad con una técnica heurística. Los resultados computacionales indican que el MA es un enfoque viable para solucionar el LRPTW. Así mismo, se presenta un caso de estudio en Bucaramanga para validar el modelo propuesto. Se plantean dos escenarios de desastre, evidenciando que el tratamiento que se da a las ventanas de tiempo (homogénea o aleatoria) influye directamente en la solución y afec-ta la función objetivo. Desde un enfoque práctico, el problema debe considerar otros criterios que pueden influir en la planificación de la evacuación, como el costo de la evacuación, costo de la demora en la atención, costo de apertura y de ruteo
    corecore