774 research outputs found

    Optimization of accelerated water extraction for ginger bioactive compounds

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    This paper investigated the optimum recovery of ginger bioactive compounds (6-, 8-, 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol) based on semi-batch and batch systems in accelerated water extraction. The optimum is determined based on peak value i.e optimum recovery of batch system to semi-batch. The peak value of 6-, 8-, 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol are 64.6 %, 47.2 %, 30.6 % and 135.6%. 6-shogaol has the highest peak value with exceeding than 100% because of the β-hydroxyl in gingerols is dehydrated to form shogaol. The degradation rate, kdeg has good correlation in first order rate. The highest kdeg are found in 8-, and 10-gingerols

    Experimental and modeling studies on microwave-assisted extraction of mangiferin from Curcuma amada

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    Mangiferin, a bioactive compound having potent nutraceutical, strong antioxidant and pharmacological significance has been extracted using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique from Curcuma amada, commonly known as mango ginger. The extraction solvent ethanol is eco-friendly, nontoxic and reduces the risk of environmental hazards. The influence of several independent variables such as microwave power, ethanol concentration, extraction (irradiation) time and pre-leaching time has been studied under varying conditions using one-factor-at-a-time analysis to obtain an optimal extraction ratio. The maximum mangiferin content of 1.1156 mg/g is obtained at microwave power of 550 W and extraction time of 50 s with 80 % ethanol as a solvent and pre-leaching time of 20 min. The results indicate that microwave power and ethanol concentration have the most significant effect on the yield of mangiferin content. The presence of mangiferin in final Curcuma amada extract is confirmed through high-performance liquid chromatography and the functional groups are identified through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses using standard mangiferin. The experimental profiles are fitted into a two-parameter modified first-order kinetic model and a three-parameter modified logistic model and checked using the goodness-of-fit criterion. The Curcuma amada retained its antioxidant activity after MAE treatment and the antioxidant activity of mangiferin obtained after extraction using DPPH free radical scavenging assay is studied

    Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Pelvetia canaliculata to sunflower oil

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    In this study, Pelvetia canaliculata L. macroalga, collected from the Atlantic Portuguese coast, was used as a source of bioactive compounds, mostly antioxidants, to incorporate them in sunflower oil with the aim of increasing its biological value and oxidative stability. The lyophilized alga was added to the oil, and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was performed. Algae concentration and UAE time varied following a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) to optimize extraction conditions. The following parameters were analyzed in the oils: oxidation products, acidity, color, chlorophyll pigments, carotenoids, flavonoids, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays, and sensory analysis. Extraction conditions did not affect the acidity and the amount of oxidation products in the oil. Chlorophylls and carotenoid contents increased with algae concentration, while flavonoid extraction did not depend on algae content or UAE time. Total phenolics in the oil were highly related only to FRAP antioxidant activity. Storage experiments of supplemented oil (12.5% algae; 20 min UAE) were carried out under accelerated oxidation conditions at 60 C/12 days. Antioxidant activity (FRAP) of supplemented oil was 6-fold higher than the value of non-supplemented oil. Final samples retained 40% of their initial antioxidant activity. The presence of algae extracts contributed to the increased oxidative stability of sunflower oilinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Enrichment of sunflower oil with ultrasound-assisted extracted bioactive compounds from Crithmum maritimum L.

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    Crithmum maritimum L., or sea fennel, is an edible halophyte plant, rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, that naturally grows in Mediterranean coasts. This study aims to incorporate bioactive compounds extracted from lyophilized Crithmum maritimum to sunflower oil assisted by ultrasounds (UAE), to improve its biological value and oxidative stability. UAE conditions were optimized as a function of time (5–20 min) and lyophilized plant concentration (5–20% m/v). The experiments were dictated by a central composite rotatable matrix. Oxidation products were not influenced by UAE conditions. Acidity, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents were affected by both factors, while total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity (FRAP method) only increased with plant concentration. Response surfaces were fitted to these experimental results. Flavonoids were highly related with oil antioxidant activity. No sensory defects were detected in supplemented oil (12.5% m/v plant/5 min UAE). The oxidative stability of this oil was evaluated at 60 °C/12 days. Chlorophylls, phenols, radical scavenging (DPPH), and antioxidant activities decreased over time but were always higher than the values in nonsupplemented oil (8.6 and 7‐fold with FRAP and DPPH, respectively). C. maritimum presented high amounts of bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity, adequate for sunflower oil supplementation by UAE.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Subcritical water extraction (SWE) of Zingiber zerumbet using two level full factorial design

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    Zingiber zerumbet was reported to has chemo preventive effects and was suggested as one of the therapeutic treatments for cancer. In this study, Z. zerumbet was extracted using subcritical water extraction (SWE) by employing two level full factorial design. 2k full factorial design was employed using 18 runs with 10 repeats in central points. The independent variables factors were temperature (100-150°C), time (10-30 minutes) and material ratio (1:10 and 1:20 g/ml) for the evaluation of highest zerumbone concentration and overall yield of extracted Z. zerumbet. Effects of extraction temperature and time were found to be significant on all responses with p-value <0.05. However, the material ratio only gave significant effect on the zerumbone concentration and less significant on the yield. In addition, the value of curvature was found to be significant, thus indicating the relation between the independent variables and the response was linear. Therefore, it was found that the concentration of zerumbone and yield from Z. zerumbet extracted by SWE were significantly affected by temperature and time of extraction

    Extração de 6-gingerol do gengibre utilizando solventes eutécticos profundos

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    Mestrado em Biotecnologia Industrial e AmbientalO gengibre é uma planta que tem atraído um interesse crescente tanto no sector alimentar como farmacêutico devido às suas propriedades medicinais. Como planta medicinal, é uma das mais antigas e populares do mundo. As suas propriedades terapêuticas advêm dos compostos bioativos presentes na sua composição, entre os mais importantes destacam-se os compostos fenólicos, nomeadamente o 6-shogaol e o 6-gingerol. Estes compostos despertam um grande interesse na comunidade científica devido ao seu poder antioxidante e anti-tumoral. Os processos convencionais de extração destes compostos requerem o uso de solventes orgânicos, no entanto, nos últimos anos tem-se intensificado a procura por solventes alternativos com maior capacidade de solvatação, eficientes e economicamente viáveis. Os solventes eutécticos profundos (DES) são uma classe de solventes novos, de baixo custo e de origem natural, baseados em percursores renováveis que apresentam baixa toxicidade, podendo ser catalogados como solventes amigos do ambiente. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foca-se na obtenção de um extrato rico em compostos bioativos (nomeadamente 6-gingerol) a partir do gengibre utilizando DES como solventes de extração com possibilidade de recuperação do extrato e reciclagem dos DES, criando assim um processo sustentável. Para atingir este objetivo, foram estudadas as solubilidades de dois compostos fenólicos modelo, nomeadamente os ácidos siríngico e ferúlico em DES (puros e em solução aquosa), por forma a avaliar os DES mais promissores na solubilização dos compostos bioativos, assim como, as condições de extração. Entre as várias combinações entre doadores (ácidos orgânicos, polióis, açúcares e ureia) e aceitadores (ureia, cloreto de colina, betaína e prolina) de pontes de hidrogénio, o DES ácido propiónico:ureia foi o que apresentou melhores resultados. Com base nestes resultados e recorrendo a metodologias de superfície de resposta, foram avaliados e otimizados diversos parâmetros de extração do 6-gingerol usando soluções aquosas de DES. Simultaneamente, efetuaram-se extrações convencionais como controlo, seguido da identificação e quantificação do 6-gingerol presente nos extratos usando a cromatografia líquida de alta resolução (HPLC). A metodologia de extração do 6-gingerol a partir do gengibre usando os DES como solventes alternativos demonstrou ser mais seletiva, capaz de extrair mais 60 % de 6-gingerol quando comparado com os métodos de extração convencionais. Além disso, foi possível recuperar um extrato sólido rico a partir da solução de DES utilizando uma extração em fase sólida (SPE). Por fim, a caracterização dos extratos foi complementada com a análise da atividade antioxidante, usando o radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH). Os resultados indicam que os extratos obtidos a partir da metodologia proposta neste trabalho apresenta maior atividade antioxidante que os extratos obtidos com métodos de extração convencionais.Ginger is a plant that has attracted the attention from both the food and pharmaceutical sectors due to its medicinal properties. As a medicinal plant, it is one of the oldest and most popular in the world. Its therapeutic properties arise from the bioactive compounds it contains, among which stand the phenolic compounds, and in particular 6-shogaol and 6- gingerol. These compounds aroused great interest in the scientific community due to its antioxidant and antitumoral properties. The conventional extraction methods of these compounds require the use of organic solvents, however, in recent years, there has been an intensified search for alternative solvents with higher solvation capacity, efficient and cheap. Deep-eutectic solvents (DES) are a new class of solvents, of low cost and natural origin, based on renewable precursors that have a low toxicity and can be categorized as environmentally friendly solvents. The goal of this work focuses on obtaining an extract rich in bioactive compounds (namely 6-gingerol) from ginger using DES as extraction solvents, and to evaluate the possibility of recycling of DES, thus creating a sustainable process. For that purpose the solubility of two phenolic model compounds, namely syringic and ferulic acids, were studied in DES (neat and in aqueous solution) in order to identify the most promising DES for the bioactive compound solubilisation, as well as the best extraction conditions. Between the several combinations amongst hydrogen bond donors (organic acids, polyols, sugars and urea) and hydrogen bond acceptors (urea, choline chloride, betaine and proline), propionic acid:urea revealed to have the best results. Based on these results and using the surface response methodology, several extraction parameters of ginger extraction using aqueous solutions of DES were optimized. Simultaneously, conventional extraction assays were carried for comparison, followed by the identification and quantification of 6- gingerol present in extracts by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Once optimized the different parameters of extraction it was possible to achieve an efficient methodology capable to enhance the 6- gingerol extraction in 60% when compared with the conventional extraction methodology. Besides, an extract was successfully recovered from the DES extract solution using solid-phase extraction (SPE). The extract characterization was complemented with the analysis of the antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH). Results show that the extracts obtained with the methodology proposed in this work present a higher antioxidant activity than those obtained with conventional extraction techniques

    Intensification Of Bioactive Compounds Extraction From Medicinal Plants Using Ultrasonic Irradiation.

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    Extraction processes are largely used in many chemical, biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries for recovery of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. To replace the conventional extraction techniques, new techniques as high-pressure extraction processes that use environment friendly solvents have been developed. However, these techniques, sometimes, are associated with low extraction rate. The ultrasound can be effectively used to improve the extraction rate by the increasing the mass transfer and possible rupture of cell wall due the formation of microcavities leading to higher product yields with reduced processing time and solvent consumption. This review presents a brief survey about the mechanism and aspects that affecting the ultrasound assisted extraction focusing on the use of ultrasound irradiation for high-pressure extraction processes intensification.888-9

    An overview of herbal nutraceuticals, their extraction, formulation, therapeutic effects and potential toxicity

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    Herbal nutraceuticals are foods derived from plants and/or their derivatives, such as oils, roots, seeds, berries, or flowers, that support wellness and combat acute and chronic ailments induced by unhealthful dietary habits. The current review enlists various traditional as well as unexplored herbs including angelica, burnet, caraway, laurel, parsley, yarrow, and zedoary, which are rich sources of bioactive components, such as aloesin, angelicin, trans-anethole, and cholesteric-7-en-3β-ol. The review further compares some of the extraction and purification techniques, namely, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, microwave assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, hydro-distillation extraction, ultra-high-pressure extraction, enzyme assisted extraction, pulsed electric field extraction, bio affinity chromatography, cell membrane chromatography, and ligand fishing. Herbal nutraceuticals can be purchased in varied formulations, such as capsules, pills, powders, liquids, and gels. Some of the formulations currently available on the market are discussed here. Further, the significance of herbal nutraceuticals in prevention and cure of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, dementia, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia; and as immunomodulators and antimicrobial agents has been discussed. Noteworthy, the inappropriate use of these herbal nutraceuticals can lead to hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, nephrotoxicity, hematotoxicity, and cardiac toxicity. Hence, this review concludes with a discussion of various regulatory aspects undertaken by the government agencies in order to minimize the adverse effects associated with herbal nutraceuticals
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