Environmental impacts of reusable transport items: A case study of pallet pooling in a retailer supply chain

Manufacturing, storage, and transportation processes are typically facilitated by pallets, containers, and other reusable transport items (RTIs) designed to guarantee many cycles along a lifespan of several years. As a consequence, both supply and reverse transportation of RTIs need to be managed to avoid stockout along the supply chain and the unsustainable production of new tools from virgin materials. This paper focuses on the business of pallet management by analyzing the transport operations of a pallet pooling network serving a large-scale nationwide retailer. The pooler is responsible for supplying, collecting, and refurbishing pallets. The combination of the pooler's management strategies with different retailer network configurations results in different pooling scenarios, which are assessed and compared in this paper through a what-if analysis. The logistical and environmental impacts generated by the pallet distribution activities are quantified per each scenario through a tailored software incorporating Geographic Information System (GIS) and routing functionalities. Findings from this analysis suggest how to reduce vehicle distance traveled (vehicles-km) by 65% and pollutant emissions by 60% by combining network infrastructures and pooling management strategies-identifying an empirical best practice for managers of pallet businesses

Environmental impacts of reusable transport items: A case study of pallet pooling in a retailer supply chain

Manufacturing, storage, and transportation processes are typically facilitated by pallets, containers, and other reusable transport items (RTIs) designed to guarantee many cycles along a lifespan of several years. As a consequence, both supply and reverse transportation of RTIs need to be managed to avoid stockout along the supply chain and the unsustainable production of new tools from virgin materials. This paper focuses on the business of pallet management by analyzing the transport operations of a pallet pooling network serving a large-scale nationwide retailer. The pooler is responsible for supplying, collecting, and refurbishing pallets. The combination of the pooler's management strategies with different retailer network configurations results in different pooling scenarios, which are assessed and compared in this paper through a what-if analysis. The logistical and environmental impacts generated by the pallet distribution activities are quantified per each scenario through a tailored software incorporating Geographic Information System (GIS) and routing functionalities. Findings from this analysis suggest how to reduce vehicle distance traveled (vehicles-km) by 65% and pollutant emissions by 60% by combining network infrastructures and pooling management strategies-identifying an empirical best practice for managers of pallet businesses

Optimizing and Benchmarking Returnable Container Processes within an Automotive Distribution System

An analysis of Reusable Packaging in automobile manufacturing facilities, as well as a comparison to other industries, shows that returnable container systems are not being fully utilized. In this study, methods to return and track packaging materials for reuse are examined. Issues identified through surveys and interviews are summarized, and a recommendation to more fully utilize systems currently in place is proposed. An evaluation based on utilizing the current system will enable us to assign a cost to current operations, and may support an investment in improved systems and technologies. Most of the companies surveyed gauge functionality based on whether or not there are shortages severe enough to stop production. This fact is determined through Gap Analysis, Benchmarking, and Case Studies. A process by which to track losses, costs, turnaround time, etc. of container return systems is currently not seen as a critical function of production, consequently no justification exists for investing in upgrading these systems. A Closed Loop Packaging System refers to a well-defined circuit of shipping and delivery points. This closed circuit is essential to ensure that containers flowing through the system do not get lost (www.returnables.com). Locating and rerouting stray or replacing lost containers can be a significant, unplanned cost related to packaging returns. The automotive industry estimates a minimum of seven percent (7.00%) of automotive company budgets are spent replacing non-disposable containers and racks (page 5 - AIAG 2008), therefore improvements to this part of the process could result in significant cost savings, and ultimately affect a company\u27s bottom line

The Viability of the Air Mobility Command Pure Pallet Program for US Army Reparable Retrograde Shipments

Last year, Congress approved $17.1 billion dollars, an increase of$4 billion dollars more than originally was requested by the Bush Administration, for US Army vehicles to be repaired or replaced (commonly referred to as reset) as a result of military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. A large portion of the repair workload falls upon the Army depots in Anniston and Red River in Texarkana, Texas and must rely on the DOD transportation system for air and surface movement of retrograde cargo deemed serviceable and unserviceable to fill requisitions and backorders for entry into the national supply inventory. Headquarters Air Mobility Command developed an initiative for distribution to the US Central Command to allow supply requisition shipments to accumulate based on customer defined delivery timelines to a single unit destination to eliminate the need of mixed destinations on a single pallet, thereby avoiding intermediate handling and increase in-transit visibility. This research viewed the depot and the item managers as the customers due to the value they collectively add in equipment repairs and how retrograde is directed to meet the needs of the end user. Subject matter experts from Army Materiel Command provided their inputs through a series of focused interviews to calculate their value placed on transportation system and convergence with a cost comparison of the accumulation principles of the AMC pure pallet program. The results indicated that the AMC pure pallet program was not a viable option due to conflicts with customer requirements, high variability in the volume of retrograde generated to successfully utilize this option despite the savings in using consolidated shipments

Evolutionary Approach to Efficient Provisioning and Self-organization in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)

Advances in low-power digital integration and microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) have paved the way for micro-sensors. These sensors are equipped with data processing capabilities along with sensory circuits. Sensor data are processed on these individual sensors and transmitted to the target (sink). Lowcost integration and small sizes of these sensors have generated special interest in the area of disposable-sensors and large scale platform management. Queries to these sensors are addressed to nodes which have data satisfying the same condition. However, these sensors may be constrained in energy, bandwidth, storage, and processing capabilities. Large number of such sensors along with these constraints creates a sensor-management problem. At the network layer it amounts to setting up the efficient route that transmits the non-redundant data from source to the sink in order to maximize one or more sensor objectives (e.g. battery (and sensor's) life, Sensor-Data yield). This is done while adapting to changing connectivity due to failure of some nodes and new nodes powering up. First part of the thesis propose a reduced-complexity genetic algorithm (GA) for optimization of multi-hop battery-constrained sensor networks. The goal of the system is to generate optimal number of sensor-clusters with cluster-heads. It results in minimization of the power consumption of the sensor system while maximizing the sensor objectives (coverage and exposure). The genetic algorithm is used to adaptively create various components such as cluster-members, cluster-heads, and next-cluster. These components are then used to evaluate the average fitness of the system based on the sequence of communication links towards the sink. We then enhance the genetic algorithm (GA) approach for secure deployment of resource constrained multi-hop sensor networks. The goal in this case is to achieve secure coverage and improve battery life by dynamically optimizing security attributes (Like authentication and encryption). Further, we augment the GA approach for intrusion detection of resource constrained multi-hop sensor networks. Traditional intrusion detection mechanisms have limited applicability to the sensor networks due to scarce battery and processing resources. Therefore, we propose an effective scheme that would offer a power efficient and lightweight approach to identify malicious attacks. We evaluate sensor node attributes by measuring the perceived threat and its suitability to host local monitoring node (LMN) that acts as trusted proxy agent for the sink and capable of securely monitoring its neighbors. Security attributes in conjunction with genetic algorithm jointly optimizes the selection of monitoring nodes (i.e., LMN) by dynamically evaluating node fitness by profiling workloads patterns, packet statistics, utilization data, battery status, and quality-of-service compliance. Second part of the thesis delves into application of Information Technology (and Industrial) Systems and devices where the use of sensor networks can deliver non-intrusive and effective telemetry for group-based server management. These systems (Like Data Centers or Shipment tracking) face major challenges in seamless integration of telemetry and control data that is essential to various autonomic management functions related to power, thermal, reliability, predictability, survivability, locality and adaptability. Such systems that are supported by a dense network of sense-points operating in noisy environment (Metals, Cables) are required to deliver reliable trends, measurements and analysis in a timely fashion. The traditional approaches to provide distributed observability and control using wired solutions are static, expensive, and nonscalable. We apply the proposed GA approach for this unique environment that replaces static wired sensors with dynamically reconfigurable battery-powered wireless sensors. The proposed technique employs machine learning approach to optimize sensor node function assignment, clustering decisions, route establishment and data collection trees for improved throughput that results in effective controls

A Cross-Docking Approach for Farfetch Global Delivery

Farfetch is an e-commerce platform with a exponential growth in the last years, but this company has a particular type of business. Farfetch does not hold stock, everything that its sold on farftech.com comes from partners, that are boutiques spread all over the world, that sell high-end fashion articles, that do not have an online presence and relay on Farfetch to have a global reach. When a client buys on ff.com, if more than one item is purchased, they can come from different boutiques placed in different points, for instance, one can belong to a Portuguese partner, and the other can be shipped from an Italian boutique. When this happens, the client will receive two different boxes, arriving at different times, with different tracking information, and this has a huge impact on the client satisfaction and the need to improve the client satisfaction originate the theme for this dissertation. The main objective of this thesis is building a cross-docking strategy to gain knowledge about this strategy, that is something new in the company, identifying the variables with the most impact in cross-docking, and what are Farfetch's limitations on implementing this type of logistics strategy. The project will study this approach to two different markets, one for the Chinese Market, and the second will be a Transatlantic Bridge between Europe and the United States of America. To develop this strategy the software used is AnyLogic, a simulation tool based on agents and discrete-time events, that allow simulating not only the operations inside the cross-dock but also control every agent involved in the process, for example, the operators

Lean enterprise distribution tactics with customer supply chain integrations

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-118).by Eric A. White.S.M.M.B.A

Logistic system design of an underground freight pipeline system

"July 2014."Dissertation Supervisor: Dr. James Noble.Includes vita.Underground Freight Pipeline (UFP) systems utilize the underground space in metro areas that is otherwise not utilized for freight transportation. Two fundamental logistics issues in the design of a UFP system are network configuration and capsule control. This research develops two capsule control models that minimize total tardiness squared of cargo delivery and associated heuristic algorithms to solve large-scale problems. Two network design models are introduced that minimizes both operational and construction cost of UFP system. The UFP network design Comprehensive Model can only be solved to optimality for small sized problem. To reduce the computational complexity, the UFP network design Two Step Model that is able to generate high quality network design solutions is developed. Then, a case study of a UFP network design in Greater New York area is presented.Includes bibliographical references (pages 159-162)