538 research outputs found
Advanced transport operating system software upgrade: Flight management/flight controls software description
The Flight Management/Flight Controls (FM/FC) software for the Norden 2 (PDP-11/70M) computer installed on the NASA 737 aircraft is described. The software computes the navigation position estimates, guidance commands, those commands to be issued to the control surfaces to direct the aircraft in flight based on the modes selected on the Advanced Guidance Control System (AGSC) mode panel, and the flight path selected via the Navigation Control/Display Unit (NCDU)
Tuning of CgLp based reset controllers: Application in precision positioning systems
This paper presents the tuning of a reset-based element called "Constant in
gain and Lead in phase" (CgLp) in order to achieve desired precision
performance in tracking and steady state. CgLp has been recently introduced to
overcome the inherent linear control limitation - the waterbed effect. The
analysis of reset controllers including ones based on CgLp is mainly carried
out in the frequency domain using describing function with the assumption that
the relatively large magnitude of the first harmonic provides a good
approximation. While this is true for several cases, the existence of
higher-order harmonics in the output of these elements complicates their
analysis and tuning in the control design process for high precision motion
applications, where they cannot be neglected. While some numerical
observation-based approaches have been considered in literature for the tuning
of CgLp elements, a systematic approach based on the analysis of higher-order
harmonics is found to be lacking. This paper analyzes the CgLp behaviour from
the perspective of first as well as higher-order harmonics and presents simple
relations between the tuning parameters and the gain-phase behaviour of all the
harmonics, which can be used for better tuning of these elements. The presented
relations are used for tuning a controller for a high-precision positioning
stage and results used for validation
Loop-shaping for reset control systems -- A higher-order sinusoidal-input describing functions approach
The ever-growing demands on speed and precision from the precision motion
industry have pushed control requirements to reach the limitations of linear
control theory. Nonlinear controllers like reset provide a viable alternative
since they can be easily integrated into the existing linear controller
structure and designed using industry-preferred loop-shaping techniques.
However, currently, loop-shaping is achieved using the describing function (DF)
and performance analysed using linear control sensitivity functions not
applicable for reset control systems, resulting in a significant deviation
between expected and practical results. We overcome this major bottleneck to
the wider adaptation of reset control with two contributions in this paper.
First, we present the extension of frequency-domain tools for reset controllers
in the form of higher-order sinusoidal-input describing functions (HOSIDFs)
providing greater insight into their behaviour. Second, we propose a novel
method which uses the DF and HOSIDFs of the open-loop reset control system for
the estimation of the closed-loop sensitivity functions, establishing for the
first time - the relation between open-loop and closed-loop behaviour of reset
control systems in the frequency domain. The accuracy of the proposed solution
is verified in both simulation and practice on a precision positioning stage
and these results are further analysed to obtain insights into the tuning
considerations for reset controllers
Data Driven Energy Efficiency Strategies for Commercial Buildings Using Occupancy Information
Most building automation systems operate with settings based on design assumptions with fixed operational schedules and fixed occupancy, when in fact both schedules and occupancy levels vary dynamically. In particular, the heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system provides a minimum ventilation airflow calculated for the maximum room capacity, when rooms are rarely fully occupied. Energy is wasted by over-supplying and conditioning air that is not required, which also leads to thermal discomfort. In higher educational institutions, where classroom occupancy goals vary from 60% to 80% of their maximum capacity, potential savings are substantial. Existing occupancy and schedule information from academic registration can be integrated with the facility data and the building automation system, allowing dynamic resetting of the controllers. This dissertation provides a methodology to reduce HVAC energy consumption by using occupancy information from the academic registrar. The methodology integrates three energy conservation strategies: shortening schedules, modifying thermostat settings and reducing the minimum airflow. Analysis of the proposed solution includes an economic benefit estimation at a campus level with validation through an experimental study performed on a LEED platinum building. Experiment results achieved an electricity savings of 39% and a natural gas savings of 31% for classrooms’ air conditioning consumption. Extending these savings to the campus level yields 164 MWh of electricity savings per year, 48MMBtu natural gas savings per year, 35.16 MTCO2 of greenhouse gases emissions reduction per year, approximately $20k economic savings per year
Reset control systems: the zero-crossing resetting law
A novel representation of reset control systems with a zero-crossing resetting law, in the framework of hybrid inclusions, is postulated. The well-posedness and stability issues of the resulting hybrid dynamical system are investigated, with a strong focus on how non-deterministic behavior is implemented in control practice. Several stability conditions have been developed by using the eigenstructure of matrices related to the periods of the reset interval sequences and by using Lyapunov function-based conditions
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Cerium oxide based resistive random access memory devices
Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) is an emerging technology of non-volatile memory (NVM). Although the observation of metal oxide that can undergo an abrupt insulator-metal transition into a conductive state has been known for over 40 years, researchers started investigating those materials for memory applications in late 1990s. It has been considered as the next generation memory technology to replace current flash memory because RRAM has demonstrated feasible switching characteristics and potential to build high density arrays and also RRAM is also compatible with contemporary CMOS processes, which means RRAM can be integrated into current CMOS chips. While the structure of RRAM is a simple metal-insulator-metal (MIM) device, there are numerous materials that exhibit resistive switching. The switching behavior is not only dependent on the switching layer materials but also dependent on the choice of metal electrodes and their interfacial properties. Many metal oxides such as hafnium oxide, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, nickel oxide (NiO), tantalum oxide and etc. have been studied in details; however, some materials are unexplored such as cerium oxide. In addition to nonvolatile storage applications, RRAM is considered as one of essential elements for advancing neuromorphic computing because of its analog switching and retention characteristics. This thesis investigated CeO[subscript x]-based RRAMs, from its fundamental device characteristics to neuromorphic applications.Electrical and Computer Engineerin
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