Passivity - Based Control and Stability Analysis for Hydro-Solar Power Systems

Los sistemas de energía modernos se están transformando debido a la inclusión de renovables no convencionales fuentes de energía como la generación eólica y fotovoltaica. A pesar de que estas fuentes de energía son buenas alternativas para el aprovechamiento sostenible de la energía, afectan el funcionamiento y la estabilidad del sistema de energía, debido a su naturaleza inherentemente estocástica y dependencia de las condiciones climáticas. Además, los parques solares y eólicos tienen una capacidad de inercia reducida que debe ser compensada por grandes generadores síncronos en sistemas hidro térmicos convencionales, o por almacenamiento de energía dispositivos. En este contexto, la interacción dinámica entre fuentes convencionales y renovables debe ser estudiado en detalle. Para 2030, el Gobierno de Colombia proyecta que el poder colombiano El sistema integrará en su matriz energética al menos 1,2 GW de generación solar fotovoltaica. Por esta razón, es necesario diseñar controladores robustos que mejoren la estabilidad en los sistemas de energía. Con alta penetración de generación fotovoltaica e hidroeléctrica. Esta disertación estudia nuevas alternativas para mejorar el sistema de potencia de respuesta dinámica durante y después de grandes perturbaciones usando pasividad control basado. Esto se debe a que los componentes del sistema de alimentación son inherentemente pasivos y permiten formulaciones hamiltonianas, explotando así las propiedades de pasividad de sistemas eléctricos. Las principales contribuciones de esta disertación son: una pasividad descentralizada basada control de los sistemas de control de turbinas hidráulicas para sistemas de energía de múltiples máquinas para estabilizar el rotor acelerar y regular el voltaje terminal de cada sistema de control de turbinas hidráulicas en el sistema como, así como un control basado en PI pasividad para las plantas solares fotovoltaicas

Effect of Symmetrically Switched Rectifier Topologies on the Frequency Regulation of Standalone Micro-Hydro Power Plants

Micro-hydro power plants (μHPPs) are a major energy source in grid-isolated zones because they do not require reservoirs and dams to be built. μHPPs operate in a standalone mode, but a continuously varying load generates voltage unbalances and frequency fluctuations which can cause long-term damage to plant components. One method of frequency regulation is the use of alternating current-alternating current (AC-AC) converters as an electronic load controller (ELC). The disadvantage of AC-AC converters is reactive power consumption with the associated decrease in both the power factor and the capacity of the alternator to deliver current. To avoid this disadvantage, we proposed two rectifier topologies combined with symmetrical switching. However, the performance of the frequency regulation loop with each topology remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of the frequency regulation loop when each topology, with a symmetrical switching form, was inserted. A MATLAB® model was implemented to simulate the frequency loop. The results from a μHPP case study in a small Cuban rural community called ‘Los Gallegos’ showed that the performance of the frequency regulation loop using the proposed topologies satisfied the standard frequency regulation and increased both the power factor and current delivery capabilities of the alternator.This contribution is a result of a cooperation between the APlied Electronic Research Team (APERT) at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), supported by the Department of Education of the Basque Government, within the fund for research groups of the Basque university system IT978-16, the Power Electronics Control in Energy and Motion Systems group (PECEM) at the University of Oriente, and the IRIS project for Cuban energy transformation. Integration of Renewable Intermittent Sources in the power system (IRIS, 2019-2022) is financed by Academy of Science in Finland, Grant/Award Number 320229. The authors of this article gratefully acknowledge these financers and project partners

Reliability and Competitive Electricity Markets

Deregulation of the electricity sector has resulted in conflict between the economic aims of creating competitive wholesale and retail markets, and an engineering focus on reliability of supply. The paper starts by deriving the optimal prices and investment program when there are price-insensitive retail consumers, and their load serving entities can choose any level of rationing they prefer contingent on real time prices. It then examines the assumptions required for a competitive wholesale and retail market to achieve this optimal price and investment program. The paper analyses the implications of relaxing several of these assumptions. First, it analyses the interrelationships between regulator-imposed price caps, capacity obligations, and system operator procurement, dispatch and compensation arrangements. It goes on to explore the implications of potential network collapses, the concomitant need for operating reserve requirements and whether market prices will provide incentives for investments consistent with these reserve requirements

3D sustainable renewable micro power station for smart grid industrial applications

The supply of clean energy and its security is becoming a global issue for all countries across the world, due to the limitations of fossil fuels resources usages for energy generations, the relative high dependency on imported fuels, their ever climbing prices and its environmental impacts. Power supply must increase as rapidly as demand to ensure sustained growth. This is the rationale upon which Governments, international organizations, researchers are accelerating investments in expanding the power system, its generation and transmission. This paper presents the preliminary research undertaken to design and develop a 3Dimentional (3D) sustainable renewable micro power station model for smart grid industrial applications. It introduces a solution to challenges in the energy generation sector which do not only refrain only to the safe supply of clean Energy. A major importance for the theoretical study of hybrid systems, based on renewable energy (photovoltaic, wind, hydro system) is the availability of the models that can be utilized to study the behavior of hybrid systems and most important, computer aided design simulation tools. As the available tools are quite limited, this paper would present the most current and up to date model which can be used for the simulation purposes of the 3D sustainable renewable micro power station for smart grid applications as well as for educational purposes

Reliability and Competitive Electricity Markets

Deregulation of the electricity sector has resulted in conflict between the economic aims of creating competitive wholesale and retail markets, and an engineering focus on reliability of supply. The paper starts by deriving the optimal prices and investment program when there are price-insensitive retail consumers, and their load serving entities can choose any level of rationing they prefer contingent on real time prices. It then examines the assumptions required for a competitive wholesale and retail market to achieve this optimal price and investment program. The paper analyses the implications of relaxing several of these assumptions. First, it analyses the interrelationships between regulator-imposed price caps, capacity obligations, and system operator procurement, dispatch and compensation arrangements. It goes on to explore the implications of potential network collapses, the concomitant need for operating reserve requirements and whether market prices will provide incentives for investments consistent with these reserve requirements.electricity, regulation, incentives

Virtual Synchronous Machine Control with Adaptive Inertia Applicable to an MMC Terminal

Renewable energy sources (RES) penetration levels are increasing in the power grid. However, it does not have inertia as a traditional synchronous generator, causing a reduction in the inertia and damping in the power grid, impacting the stability during power changes in the grid, causing large frequency deviations. The virtual synchronous machine (VSM) concept has become an attractive solution to emulate the synchronous machine characteristics and supply the inertia and damping property in the system. It consists of emulating the synchronous machine’s static and dynamic properties by power electronic converters and energy storage systems. Nevertheless, the implementation and design of the VSM is a challenge since it must be flexible in the presence of load fluctuations, preventing the oscillations and frequency overshoot from increasing during system disturbances. Hence, the VSM with adaptive inertia has become a potential solution because it provides the inertia and damping factor to the grid according to the load variations and different RES penetration levels in the system. Therefore, the inertia estimation is necessary to use the special techniques that guarantee the balance between the power and frequency response..