19,614 research outputs found
Modeling and Optimizing Energy Supply and Demand in Home Area Power Network (HAPN)
Internet of energy based smart power grids demonstrate high in-feed from renewable energy resources (RESs) and lofty out-feed to energy consumers. Uncertainties evolved by incorporating RESs and time-varying energy consumption present immense challenges to the optimal control of smart power networks. To deal with these challenges, it is important to make the system deterministic by making time-ahead prediction and scheduling of power supply and demand. The present work confers a model of a co-scheduling framework, organizing cost-efficient activation of energy supply entities (ESEs) and load demands in a home area power network (HAPN). It integrates roof-top photovoltaic (PV) panels, diesel energy generator (DE), energy storage devices (ESDs), and smart load demands (SLDs) along with grid-supplied power. The scheduling model is based on mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) framework, incorporates a “min-max” optimization algorithm that reduces the daily energy bills, maintains high comfort level for the energy consumers, and increases the self-sufficiency of the home. The proposed strategy exploits the flexibility in dynamic energy price signals and SLDs of various classes, providing day-ahead cost-optimal scheduling decisions for incorporated energy entities. A linearized component-based model is developed, considering inefficiencies, taking various power phase modes of the SLDs along with the cost of operation, maintenance, and degradation of the equipment. A case study based on numerical analysis determines the particular features of the proposed HAPN model. Simulation results demonstrate the real prospect of our implemented strategy, utilizing a cost-effective optimal blend of distinct energy entities in a smart home
Smart Microgrids: Overview and Outlook
The idea of changing our energy system from a hierarchical design into a set
of nearly independent microgrids becomes feasible with the availability of
small renewable energy generators. The smart microgrid concept comes with
several challenges in research and engineering targeting load balancing,
pricing, consumer integration and home automation. In this paper we first
provide an overview on these challenges and present approaches that target the
problems identified. While there exist promising algorithms for the particular
field, we see a missing integration which specifically targets smart
microgrids. Therefore, we propose an architecture that integrates the presented
approaches and defines interfaces between the identified components such as
generators, storage, smart and \dq{dumb} devices.Comment: presented at the GI Informatik 2012, Braunschweig Germany, Smart Grid
Worksho
Komponentenbasierte dynamische Modellierung von Energiesystemen und Energiemanagement-Strategien fĂĽr ein intelligentes Stromnetz im Heimbereich
The motivation of this work is to present an energy cost reduction concept in a home area power network (HAPN) with intelligent generation and flexible load demands. This study endeavors to address the energy management system (EMS) and layout-design challenges faced by HAPN through a systematic design approach. The growing demand for electricity has become a significant burden on traditional power networks, prompting power engineers to seek ways to improve their efficiency. One such solution is to integrate dispersed generation sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) and storage systems, with an appropriate control mechanism at the distribution level. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest in the installation of PV-Battery systems, due to their potential to reduce carbon emissions and lower energy costs. This research proposes an optimal economic power dispatch strategy using Model Predictive Control (MPC) to enhance the overall performance of HAPN. A hybrid AC/DC microgrid concept is proposed to address the control choices made by the appliance scheduling and hybrid switching approaches based on a linear programming optimization framework. The suggested optimization criteria improve consumer satisfaction, minimize grid disconnections, and lower overall energy costs by deploying inexpensive clean energy generation and control. Various examples from actual case study demonstrate the use of the established EMS and design methodology.Die Motivation dieser Arbeit besteht darin, ein Konzept zur Senkung der Energiekosten in einem Heimnetzwerk (HAPN) mit intelligenter Erzeugung und exiblen Lastanforderungen vorzustellen. Im Rahmen dieser Forschungsarbeit wird ein Entwurf für ein HAPN entwickelt, indem das Energiemanagementsystem (EMS) und der Entwurf des Layouts auf der Grundlage des Systemmodells und der betrieblichen Anforderungen gelöst werden. Die steigende Nachfrage nach Elektrizität ist für traditionelle Stromnetze kostspielig und infrastrukturintensiv. Daher konzentrieren sich Energietechniker darauf, die Effizienz der derzeitigen Netze zu erhöhen. Dies kann durch die Integration verteilter Erzeugungsanlagen (z. B. Photovoltaik (PV), Speicher) mit einem geeigneten Kontrollmechanismus für das Energiemanagement auf der Verteilungsseite erreicht werden. Darüber hinaus hat das Interesse an der Installation von PV-Batterie-basierten Systemen aufgrund der Reduzierung der CO2-Emissionen und der Senkung der Energiekosten erheblich zugenommen. Es wird eine optimale wirtschaftliche Strategie für den Energieeinsatz unter Verwendung einer modellprädiktiven Steuerung (MPC) entwickelt. Es wird zudem ein hybrides AC/DC-Microgrid-Konzept vorgeschlagen, um die Steuerungsentscheidungen, die von den Ansätzen der Geräteplanung und der hybriden Umschaltung getroffen werden, auf der Grundlage eines linearen Programmierungsoptimierungsrahmens zu berücksichtigen. Die vorgeschlagenen Optimierungskriterien verbessern die Zufriedenheit der Verbraucher, minimieren Netzabschaltungen und senken die Gesamtenergiekosten durch den Einsatz von kostengünstiger und sauberer Energieerzeugung. Verschiedene Beispiele aus einer Fallstudie demonstrieren den Einsatz des entwickelten EMS und der Entwurfsmethodik
Transforming Energy Networks via Peer to Peer Energy Trading: Potential of Game Theoretic Approaches
Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading has emerged as a next-generation energy
management mechanism for the smart grid that enables each prosumer of the
network to participate in energy trading with one another and the grid. This
poses a significant challenge in terms of modeling the decision-making process
of each participant with conflicting interest and motivating prosumers to
participate in energy trading and to cooperate, if necessary, for achieving
different energy management goals. Therefore, such decision-making process
needs to be built on solid mathematical and signal processing tools that can
ensure an efficient operation of the smart grid. This paper provides an
overview of the use of game theoretic approaches for P2P energy trading as a
feasible and effective means of energy management. As such, we discuss various
games and auction theoretic approaches by following a systematic classification
to provide information on the importance of game theory for smart energy
research. Then, the paper focuses on the P2P energy trading describing its key
features and giving an introduction to an existing P2P testbed. Further, the
paper zooms into the detail of some specific game and auction theoretic models
that have recently been used in P2P energy trading and discusses some important
finding of these schemes.Comment: 38 pages, single column, double spac
Smart Grid Communications: Overview of Research Challenges, Solutions, and Standardization Activities
Optimization of energy consumption in future intelligent energy networks (or
Smart Grids) will be based on grid-integrated near-real-time communications
between various grid elements in generation, transmission, distribution and
loads. This paper discusses some of the challenges and opportunities of
communications research in the areas of smart grid and smart metering. In
particular, we focus on some of the key communications challenges for realizing
interoperable and future-proof smart grid/metering networks, smart grid
security and privacy, and how some of the existing networking technologies can
be applied to energy management. Finally, we also discuss the coordinated
standardization efforts in Europe to harmonize communications standards and
protocols.Comment: To be published in IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorial
OSCAR: A Collaborative Bandwidth Aggregation System
The exponential increase in mobile data demand, coupled with growing user
expectation to be connected in all places at all times, have introduced novel
challenges for researchers to address. Fortunately, the wide spread deployment
of various network technologies and the increased adoption of multi-interface
enabled devices have enabled researchers to develop solutions for those
challenges. Such solutions aim to exploit available interfaces on such devices
in both solitary and collaborative forms. These solutions, however, have faced
a steep deployment barrier.
In this paper, we present OSCAR, a multi-objective, incentive-based,
collaborative, and deployable bandwidth aggregation system. We present the
OSCAR architecture that does not introduce any intermediate hardware nor
require changes to current applications or legacy servers. The OSCAR
architecture is designed to automatically estimate the system's context,
dynamically schedule various connections and/or packets to different
interfaces, be backwards compatible with the current Internet architecture, and
provide the user with incentives for collaboration. We also formulate the OSCAR
scheduler as a multi-objective, multi-modal scheduler that maximizes system
throughput while minimizing energy consumption or financial cost. We evaluate
OSCAR via implementation on Linux, as well as via simulation, and compare our
results to the current optimal achievable throughput, cost, and energy
consumption. Our evaluation shows that, in the throughput maximization mode, we
provide up to 150% enhancement in throughput compared to current operating
systems, without any changes to legacy servers. Moreover, this performance gain
further increases with the availability of connection resume-supporting, or
OSCAR-enabled servers, reaching the maximum achievable upper-bound throughput
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