301 research outputs found
Air Taxi Skyport Location Problem for Airport Access
Witnessing the rapid progress and accelerated commercialization made in
recent years for the introduction of air taxi services in near future across
metropolitan cities, our research focuses on one of the most important
consideration for such services, i.e., infrastructure planning (also known as
skyports). We consider design of skyport locations for air taxis accessing
airports, where we present the skyport location problem as a modified
single-allocation p-hub median location problem integrating choice-constrained
user mode choice behavior into the decision process. Our approach focuses on
two alternative objectives i.e., maximizing air taxi ridership and maximizing
air taxi revenue. The proposed models in the study incorporate trade-offs
between trip length and trip cost based on mode choice behavior of travelers to
determine optimal choices of skyports in an urban city. We examine the
sensitivity of skyport locations based on two objectives, three air taxi
pricing strategies, and varying transfer times at skyports. A case study of New
York City is conducted considering a network of 149 taxi zones and 3 airports
with over 20 million for-hire-vehicles trip data to the airports to discuss
insights around the choice of skyport locations in the city, and demand
allocation to different skyports under various parameter settings. Results
suggest that a minimum of 9 skyports located between Manhattan, Queens and
Brooklyn can adequately accommodate the airport access travel needs and are
sufficiently stable against transfer time increases. Findings from this study
can help air taxi providers strategize infrastructure design options and
investment decisions based on skyport location choices.Comment: 25 page
A multi-functional simulation platform for on-demand ride service operations
On-demand ride services or ride-sourcing services have been experiencing fast
development in the past decade. Various mathematical models and optimization
algorithms have been developed to help ride-sourcing platforms design
operational strategies with higher efficiency. However, due to cost and
reliability issues (implementing an immature algorithm for real operations may
result in system turbulence), it is commonly infeasible to validate these
models and train/test these optimization algorithms within real-world ride
sourcing platforms. Acting as a useful test bed, a simulation platform for
ride-sourcing systems will be very important to conduct algorithm
training/testing or model validation through trails and errors. While previous
studies have established a variety of simulators for their own tasks, it lacks
a fair and public platform for comparing the models or algorithms proposed by
different researchers. In addition, the existing simulators still face many
challenges, ranging from their closeness to real environments of ride-sourcing
systems, to the completeness of different tasks they can implement. To address
the challenges, we propose a novel multi-functional and open-sourced simulation
platform for ride-sourcing systems, which can simulate the behaviors and
movements of various agents on a real transportation network. It provides a few
accessible portals for users to train and test various optimization algorithms,
especially reinforcement learning algorithms, for a variety of tasks, including
on-demand matching, idle vehicle repositioning, and dynamic pricing. In
addition, it can be used to test how well the theoretical models approximate
the simulated outcomes. Evaluated on real-world data based experiments, the
simulator is demonstrated to be an efficient and effective test bed for various
tasks related to on-demand ride service operations
Operational research and simulation methods for autonomous ride-sourcing
Ride-sourcing platforms provide on-demand shared transport services by solving decision problems related to ride-matching and pricing. The anticipated commercialisation of autonomous vehicles could transform these platforms to fleet operators and broaden their decision-making by introducing problems such as fleet sizing and empty vehicle redistribution. These problems have been frequently represented in research using aggregated mathematical programs, and alternative practises such as agent-based models. In this context, this study is set at the intersection between operational research and simulation methods to solve the multitude of autonomous ride-sourcing problems.
The study begins by providing a framework for building bespoke agent-based models for ride-sourcing fleets, derived from the principles of agent-based modelling theory, which is used to tackle the non-linear problem of minimum fleet size. The minimum fleet size problem is tackled by investigating the relationship of system parameters based on queuing theory principles and by deriving and validating a novel model for pickup wait times. Simulating the fleet function in different urban areas shows that ride-sourcing fleets operate queues with zero assignment times above the critical fleet size. The results also highlight that pickup wait times have a pivotal role in estimating the minimum fleet size in ride-sourcing operations, with agent-based modelling being a more reliable estimation method.
The focus is then shifted to empty vehicle redistribution, where the omission of market structure and underlying customer acumen, compromises the effectiveness of existing models. As a solution, the vehicle redistribution problem is formulated as a non-linear convex minimum cost flow problem that accounts for the relationship of supply and demand of rides by assuming a customer discrete choice model and a market structure. An edge splitting algorithm is then introduced to solve a transformed convex minimum cost flow problem for vehicle redistribution. Results of simulated tests show that the redistribution algorithm can significantly decrease wait times and increase profits with a moderate increase in vehicle mileage.
The study is concluded by considering the operational time-horizon decision problems of ride-matching and pricing at periods of peak travel demand. Combinatorial double auctions have been identified as a suitable alternative to surge pricing in research, as they maximise social welfare by relying on stated customer and driver valuations. However, a shortcoming of current models is the exclusion of trip detour effects in pricing estimates. The study formulates a shared-ride assignment and pricing algorithm using combinatorial double auctions to resolve the above problem. The model is reduced to the maximum weighted independent set problem, which is APX-hard. Therefore, a fast local search heuristic is proposed, producing solutions within 10\% of the exact approach for practical implementations.Open Acces
Piggyback on Idle Ride-Sourcing Drivers for Intracity Parcel Delivery
This paper investigates the operational strategies for an integrated platform
that provides both ride-sourcing services and intracity parcel delivery
services over a transportation network utilizing the idle time of ride-sourcing
drivers. Specifically, the integrated platform simultaneously offers on-demand
ride-sourcing services for passengers and multiple modes of parcel delivery
services for customers, including: (1) on-demand delivery, where drivers
immediately pick up and deliver parcels upon receiving a delivery request; and
(2) flexible delivery, where drivers can pick up (or drop off) parcels only
when they are idle and waiting for the next ride-sourcing request. A
continuous-time Markov Chain (CTMC) model is proposed to characterize the
status change of drivers under joint movement of passengers and parcels over
the transportation network with limited vehicle capacity, where the service
quality of ride-sourcing services, on-demand delivery services, and flexible
delivery services are rigorously quantified. Building on the CTMC model,
incentives for ride-sourcing passengers, delivery customers, drivers, and the
platform are captured through an economic equilibrium model, and the optimal
operational decisions of the platform are derived by solving a non-convex
profit-maximizing problem. We prove the well-posedness of the model and develop
a tailored algorithm to compute the optimal decisions of the platform at an
accelerated speed. Furthermore, we validate the proposed model in a
comprehensive case study for San Francisco, demonstrating that joint management
of ride-sourcing services and intracity package delivery services can lead to a
Pareto improvement that benefits all stakeholders in the integrated
ride-sourcing and parcel delivery market
A user-operator assignment game with heterogeneous user groups for empirical evaluation of a microtransit service in Luxembourg
We tackle the problem of evaluating the impact of different operation
policies on the performance of a microtransit service. This study is the first
empirical application using the stable matching modeling framework to evaluate
different operation cost allocation and pricing mechanisms on microtransit
service. We extend the deterministic stable matching model to a stochastic
reliability-based one to consider user's heterogeneous perceptions of utility
on the service routes. The proposed model is applied to the evaluation of
Kussbus microtransit service in Luxembourg. We found that the current Kussbus
operation is not a stable outcome. By reducing their route operating costs of
50%, it is expected to increase the ridership of 10%. If Kussbus can reduce
in-vehicle travel time on their own by 20%, they can significantly increase
profit several folds from the baseline
The limits to competition in urban bus services in developing countries
The authors make the case for the return of regulation in the organization of urban bus services in developing countries. During the past three decades urban public transport policy has gone through several phases. The 1980s and 1990s were characterized by liberalization of the sector from public ownership and monopoly provision. The experience of several countries, in particular Chile, indicates that a full liberalization of the sector may not be the welfare-maximizing option. The authors discuss the market failures that justify this claim and present the regulatory options available in this emerging new role of government. Throughout the paper they illustrate ideas with examples from Chile, Colombia, and a few other countries.Labor Policies,Roads&Highways,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Urban Transport,Inter-Urban Roads and Passenger Transport,Roads&Highways,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform
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