2,106 research outputs found

    Peer-to-Peer Sharing of Energy Storage Systems under Net Metering and Time-of-Use Pricing

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    Sharing economy has become a socio-economic trend in transportation and housing sectors. It develops business models leveraging underutilized resources. Like those sectors, power grid is also becoming smarter with many flexible resources, and researchers are investigating the impact of sharing resources here as well that can help to reduce cost and extract value. In this work, we investigate sharing of energy storage devices among individual households in a cooperative fashion. Coalitional game theory is used to model the scenario where utility company imposes time-of-use (ToU) price and net metering billing mechanism. The resulting game has a non-empty core and we can develop a cost allocation mechanism with easy to compute analytical formula. Allocation is fair and cost effective for every household. We design the price for peer to peer network (P2P) and an algorithm for sharing that keeps the grand coalition always stable. Thus sharing electricity of storage devices among consumers can be effective in this set-up. Our mechanism is implemented in a community of 80 households in Texas using real data of demand and solar irradiance and the results show significant cost savings for our method

    One rate does not fit all: An empirical analysis of electricity tariffs for residential microgrids

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    Increasingly, residential customers are deploying PV units to lower electricity bills and contribute to a more sustainable use of resources. This selective decentralization of power generation, however, creates significant challenges, because current transmission and distribution grids were designed for centralized power generation and unidirectional flows. Restructuring residential neighborhoods as residential microgrids might solve these problems to an extent, but energy retailers and system operators have yet to identify ways of fitting residential microgrids into the energy value chain. One promising way of doing so is the tailoring of residential microgrid tariffs, as this encourages grid-stabilizing behavior and fairly re-distributes the associated costs. We thus identify a set of twelve tariff candidates and estimate their probable effects on energy bills as well as load and generation profiles. Specifically, we model 100 residential microgrids and simulate how these microgrids might respond to each of the twelve tariffs. Our analyses reveal three important insights. Number one: volumetric tariffs would not only inflate electricity bills but also encourage sharp load and generation peaks, while failing to reliably allocate system costs. Number two: under tariffs with capacity charges, time-varying rates would have little impact on both electricity bills and load and generation peaks. Number three: tariffs that bill system and energy retailer costs via capacity and customer charges respectively would lower electricity bills, foster peak shaving, and facilitate stable cost allocation

    The European electricity market over the last 10 years : Which major changes occurred in the electricity markets, in particular in the electricity production of the European Union, in the past 10 years and what are the implications for the future?

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    Electricity forms the backbone of modern society and is vital for powering industries, fostering innovations and guaranteeing the functioning of essential services and technologies. Throughout the last few decades, the usage of electricity has risen exponentially and is forecasted to grow for the foreseeable future. This underscores the need for functioning electricity markets all around the globe. In the European context, electricity markets have been moving towards integration and the ultimate goal is to create a common European electricity market. This thesis aims to investigate the major changes undergone by European electricity markets over the last 10 years and showcase some of the recent events that have had a major impact on the European electricity markets. Consequently, implications for the future of European electricity markets will be discussed. Both a literature review aimed at evaluating shifts in the overall market design and mechanisms as well an analysis showing the changes in price and electricity production over the last 10 years were performed. Our findings suggest that during the analysed timeframe major changes occurred in the type of electricity produced. The introduction of new market mechanisms such as flow-based market coupling and a trend towards decentralization and utilizing IT technologies to leverage data such as the smart grid have changed the face of the European electricity markets. Major increases in electricity prices, further enforced by the current Russian invasion of Ukraine have moved the focus of market actors towards security of supply and affordability. It is likely that these developments will substantially impact the current market design and the way the EU transitions to a carbon-neutral market. Avenues for further research might include: Research that goes further back in time Evaluating the ideal market design for the European electricity market Performing in-depth regression analysis of price coupling between electricity prices and other variables such as gas prices, ETS prices, …nhhma

    A Study of Effective Regulation Model in Privatizing the Public Enterprises

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    The privatization deems to be an important policy towards to the solutions of public ownership faults. However, the privatizing a monopoly industry could not damage the consumers’ interests inevitably. Thus, it is necessary to introduce the government regulation towards to the privatized monopoly industry. The premises of the privatization combined with regulation model are: controlling the privatization of a monopoly industry shall increase the efficiency, improved service quality and lower the costs to consumers. The method for this research is to review existing literature and study the regulations and the regulation in the developed nations comparing their variations and to find out the most efficient regulation models to design or amend for other nations. The objective of this study is to study the privatization experiences from the existing nations and convert to those nations may need for reference. At the end, this paper also found that the effective regulation model may not only bring down the costs of the public services, but also improved the efficiency to a near market competition standard

    The economic impact of electricity losses [WP]

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    Although electricity losses constitute an important, but inevitable, amount of wasted resources (and a share that has to be funded), they remain one of the lesser known parts of an electricity system, and this despite the fact that the decisions of generators, transmission and distribution system operators and consumers all impact on them. In this paper we analyse the effects of such losses from two perspectives: from that of consumption or outflows and from that of generation or inflows. Given that end-user consumption varies across the day, consumption has direct implications for electricity losses. Indeed, demand-side management policies seek to encourage consumers to use less energy during peak hours and to reduce network congestion. At the same time, from the perspective of generation, the recent growth in distributed generation has modified the traditional, unidirectional, downward flows in electricity systems. This affects losses as energy is produced in the lower voltage network, which is closer to points of consumption. In this paper we evaluate the impact of consumption patterns and different generation technologies on energy losses. To do so, we draw on data from a real electricity system with a high level of renewable penetration, namely, that of Spain between 2011 and 2013. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to analyse the real impact of consumption and the effect of each generation technology on energy losses, offering an opportunity to evaluate the potential benefits of demand-side management policies and distributed generation. Based on our results, we make a number of regulatory recommendations aimed at exploiting to the full these potential benefits. Our results should serve as a baseline for countries that are in the early stages of implementing these policies

    Optimal Management of community Demand Response

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    More than one-third of the electricity produced globally is consumed by the residential sectors [1], with nearly 17% of CO2 emissions, are coming from residential buildings according to reports from 2018 [2] [3]. In order to cope with increase in electricity demand and consumption, while considering the environmental impacts, electricity providers are seeking to implement solutions to help them balance the supply with the electricity demand while mitigating emissions. Thus, increasing the number of conventional generation units and using unreliable renewable source of energy is not a viable investment. That’s why, in recent years research attention has shifted to demand side solutions [4]. This research investigates the optimal management for an urban residential community, that can help in reducing energy consumption and peak and CO2 emissions. This will help to put an agreement with the grid operator for an agreed load shape, for efficient demand response (DR) program implementation. This work uses a framework known as CityLearn [2]. It is based on a Machine Learning branch known as Reinforcement Learning (RL), and it is used to test a variety of intelligent agents for optimizing building load consumption and load shape. The RL agent is used for controlling hot water and chilled water storages, as well as the battery system. When compared to the regular building usage, the results demonstrate that utilizing an RL agent for storage system control can be helpful, as the electricity consumption is greatly reduced when it’s compared to the normal building consumption

    Challenges of electricity market liberalization in the Baltic countries

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    In the article there are analyzed the electricity market opening issues in the European Union and especially in the Baltic countries. The aim of the article is to find out and specify the main challenges for Baltic countries in electricity market liberalization process. The Baltic countries are going to face many challenges to secure their energy supply and cooperate regionally. For completion of the research task there are analyzed experiences from Scandinavian countries electricity market liberalization. --Economics of Regulation,Government Policy and Regulation,Regulated Industries,Electricity Market
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