1,199 research outputs found
LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volume
LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volum
Generative AI-empowered Simulation for Autonomous Driving in Vehicular Mixed Reality Metaverses
In the vehicular mixed reality (MR) Metaverse, the distance between physical
and virtual entities can be overcome by fusing the physical and virtual
environments with multi-dimensional communications in autonomous driving
systems. Assisted by digital twin (DT) technologies, connected autonomous
vehicles (AVs), roadside units (RSU), and virtual simulators can maintain the
vehicular MR Metaverse via digital simulations for sharing data and making
driving decisions collaboratively. However, large-scale traffic and driving
simulation via realistic data collection and fusion from the physical world for
online prediction and offline training in autonomous driving systems are
difficult and costly. In this paper, we propose an autonomous driving
architecture, where generative AI is leveraged to synthesize unlimited
conditioned traffic and driving data in simulations for improving driving
safety and traffic efficiency. First, we propose a multi-task DT offloading
model for the reliable execution of heterogeneous DT tasks with different
requirements at RSUs. Then, based on the preferences of AV's DTs and collected
realistic data, virtual simulators can synthesize unlimited conditioned driving
and traffic datasets to further improve robustness. Finally, we propose a
multi-task enhanced auction-based mechanism to provide fine-grained incentives
for RSUs in providing resources for autonomous driving. The property analysis
and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism and
architecture are strategy-proof and effective, respectively
From disclosure to transparency - Essays on firms' voluntary disclosure in a transforming environment
This cumulative thesis is based on three articles.
In the first paper, I investigate firms' greenhouse gas emission disclosure strategies. The results show the potential existence of different disclosure equilibria, which implies different disclosure patterns in different industries. I further identify that disclosure mandates may have an adverse effect on firms' abatement incentives and even their total emissions.
In the second paper, I propose a model to investigate firmsā signaling decisions on the product level.
In the third paper, my coauthors and I investigate the potential and limits of privacy-preserving corporate blockchain applications for information provision. We show that blockchain technology can improve the information environment and outperform traditional institutions. However, we also characterize an adverse mixed-adoption equilibrium in which neither of the two channels realizes its full potential and information provision declines not only for individual firms but also in aggregate
Incentivizing Investment and Reliability: A Study on Electricity Capacity Markets
The capacity market, a marketplace to exchange available generation capacity
for electricity production, provides a major revenue stream for generators and
is adopted in several U.S. regions. A subject of ongoing debate, the capacity
market is viewed by its proponents as a crucial mechanism to ensure system
reliability, while critics highlight its drawbacks such as market distortion.
Under a novel analytical framework, we rigorously evaluate the impact of the
capacity market on generators' revenue and system reliability. More
specifically, based on market designs at New York Independent System Operator
(NYISO), we propose market equilibrium-based models to capture salient aspects
of the capacity market and its interaction with the energy market. We also
develop a leader-follower model to study market power. We show that the
capacity market incentivizes the investment of generators with lower net cost
of new entry. It also facilitates reliability by preventing significant
physical withholding when the demand is relatively high. Nevertheless, the
capacity market may not provide enough revenue for peaking plants. Moreover, it
is susceptible to market power, which necessitates tailored market power
mitigation measures depending on market dynamics. We provide further insights
via large-scale experiments on data from NYISO markets
Current issues of the management of socio-economic systems in terms of globalization challenges
The authors of the scientific monograph have come to the conclusion that the management of socio-economic systems in the terms of global challenges requires the use of mechanisms to ensure security, optimise the use of resource potential, increase competitiveness, and provide state support to economic entities. Basic research focuses on assessment of economic entities in the terms of global challenges, analysis of the financial system, migration flows, logistics and product exports, territorial development. The research results have been implemented in the different decision-making models in the context of global challenges, strategic planning, financial and food security, education management, information technology and innovation. The results of the study can be used in the developing of directions, programmes and strategies for sustainable development of economic entities and regions, increasing the competitiveness of products and services, decision-making at the level of ministries and agencies that regulate the processes of managing socio-economic systems. The results can also be used by students and young scientists in the educational process and conducting scientific research on the management of socio-economic systems in the terms of global challenges
Learning, future cost and role of offshore renewable energy technologies in the North Sea energy system
The pace of cost decline of offshore renewable energy technologies significantly impacts their role in the North Sea energy transition. However, a good understanding of their remains a critical knowledge gap in the literature. Therefore, this thesis aims to quantify the future role of offshore renewables in the North Sea energy transition and assess the impact of cost development on their optimal deployments. The following findings were observed in this thesis, 1) Fixed-bottom offshore wind is well established in the North Sea region and is already competitive with onshore renewables 2) Floating wind is emerging and their current costs are high, but it can reach about 40 EUR/MWh by early 2040 and would require 44 billion EUR of learning investment.3) Grid connection costs will become a major factor as wind farm moves further away. Policy actions and innovation is needed in this space to avoid increasing integration costs. 4) Offshore wind (fixed-bottom and floating) can play a significant role in the North Sea energy system, comprising 498 GW of deployments in 2050 (222 GW of fixed-bottom and 276 GW of floating wind) and contributing up to a maximum of 51% of total power generation in the North Sea power system. 5) The role of the investigated low-TRL offshore renewables, including the tidal stream, wave technology, and bioethanol, was limited in all scenarios considered, as they remain expensive compared to other mature technologies in the system
Will Central Bank Digital Currency Disintermediate Banks?
We estimate a dynamic banking model to quantify the impact of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) on the banking system. Our counterfactuals show that a one-dollar introduction of CBDC replaces bank deposits by around 80 cents on the margin. Bank lending falls by one-fourth of the drop in deposits because banks partially replace lost deposits with wholesale funding. This substitution raises banksā interest-rate risk exposure and lowers their resilience to negative equity shocks. If CBDC bears interest or is intermediated through banks, it captures a greater deposit market share, amplifying the impact on lending. The effect on lending is ampliļ¬ed for small banks, for which wholesale funding is more expensive
Demand Response in Smart Grids
The Special Issue āDemand Response in Smart Gridsā includes 11 papers on a variety of topics. The success of this Special Issue demonstrates the relevance of demand response programs and events in the operation of power and energy systems at both the distribution level and at the wide power system level. This reprint addresses the design, implementation, and operation of demand response programs, with focus on methods and techniques to achieve an optimized operation as well as on the electricity consumer
LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volume
LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volum
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