14,303 research outputs found
Visible luminescence from hydrogenated amorphous silicon modified by femtosecond laser radiation
Visible luminescence is observed from the composite of SiO2 with embedded silicon nanocrystallites produced by femtosecond laser irradiation of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) film in air. The photoluminescence originates from the defect states at the interface between silicon crystallites and SiO2 matrix. The method could be used for fabrication of luminescent layers to increase energy conversion of a-Si:H solar cells
Magneto-optical response enhanced by Mie resonances in nanoantennas
Control of light by an external magnetic field is one of the important
methods for modulation of its intensity and polarisation. Magneto-optical
effects at the nanoscale are usually observed in magnetophotonic crystals,
nanostructured hybrid materials or magnetoplasmonic crystals. An indirect
action of an external magnetic field (e.g. through the Faraday effect) is
explained by the fact that natural materials exhibit negligible magnetism at
optical frequencies. However, the concept of metamaterials overcome this
limitation imposed by nature by designing artificial subwavelength meta-atoms
that support a strong magnetic response, usually termed as optical magnetism,
even when they are made of nonmagnetic materials. The fundamental question is
what would be the effect of the interaction between an external magnetic field
and an optically-induced magnetic response of metamaterial structures. Here we
make the first step toward answering this fundamental question and demonstrate
the multifold enhancement of the magneto-optical response of nanoantenna
lattices due to the optical magnetism.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Effect of processing parameters on reaction bonding of silicon nitride
Reaction bonded silicon nitride was developed. The relationship between the various processing parameters and the resulting microstructures was to design and synthesize reaction bonded materials with improved room temperature mechanical properties
Structure and spatial distribution of Ge nanocrystals subjected to fast neutron irradiation
The influence of fast neutron irradiation on the structure and spatial
distribution of Ge nanocrystals (NC) embedded in an amorphous SiO2 matrix has
been studied. The investigation was conducted by means of laser Raman
Scattering (RS), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) and
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The irradiation of NC-Ge samples by a
high dose of fast neutrons lead to a partial destruction of the nanocrystals.
Full reconstruction of crystallinity was achieved after annealing the radiation
damage at 800 deg. C, which resulted in full restoration of the RS spectrum.
HR-TEM images show, however, that the spatial distributions of NC-Ge changed as
a result of irradiation and annealing. A sharp decrease in NC distribution
towards the SiO2 surface has been observed. This was accompanied by XPS
detection of Ge oxides and elemental Ge within both the surface and subsurface
region
Coatings in Photovoltaic Solar Energy Worldwide Research
This paper describes the characteristics of contributions that were made by researchers worldwide in the field of Solar Coating in the period 1957–2019. Scopus is used as a database and the results are processed while using bibliometric and analytical techniques. All of the documents registered in Scopus, a total of 6440 documents, have been analyzed and distributed according to thematic subcategories. Publications are analyzed from the type of publication, field of use, language, subcategory, type of newspaper, and the frequency of the keyword perspectives. English (96.8%) is the language that is most used for publications, followed by Chinese (2.6%), and the rest of the languages have a less than < 1% representation. Publications are studied by authors, affiliations, countries of origin of the authors, and H-index, which it stands out that the authors of China contribute with 3345 researchers, closely followed by the United States with 2634 and Germany with 1156. The Asian continent contributes the most, with 65% of the top 20 affiliations, and Taiwan having the most authors publishing in this subject, closely followed by Switzerland. It can be stated that research in this area is still evolving with a great international scientific contribution in improving the efficiency of solar cells
Direct Separation of Short Range Order in Intermixed Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Phases
Diffraction anomalous fine-structure (DAFS) and extended x-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) measurements were combined to determine short range order (SRO) about a single atomic type in a sample of mixed amorphous and nanocrystalline phases of germanium. EXAFS yields information about the SRO of all Ge atoms in the sample, while DAFS determines the SRO of only the ordered fraction. We determine that the first-shell distance distribution is bimodal; the nanocrystalline distance is the same as the bulk crystal, to within 0.01(2)   Å, but the mean amorphous Ge-Ge bond length is expanded by 0.076(19)   Å. This approach can be applied to many systems of mixed amorphous and nanocrystalline phases
Thermal Properties of Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes and Nanostructured Carbon Materials
Recent years witnessed a rapid growth of interest of scientific and
engineering communities to thermal properties of materials. Carbon allotropes
and derivatives occupy a unique place in terms of their ability to conduct
heat. The room-temperature thermal conductivity of carbon materials span an
extraordinary large range - of over five orders of magnitude - from the lowest
in amorphous carbons to the highest in graphene and carbon nanotubes. I review
thermal and thermoelectric properties of carbon materials focusing on recent
results for graphene, carbon nanotubes and nanostructured carbon materials with
different degrees of disorder. A special attention is given to the unusual size
dependence of heat conduction in two-dimensional crystals and, specifically, in
graphene. I also describe prospects of applications of graphene and carbon
materials for thermal management of electronics.Comment: Review Paper; 37 manuscript pages; 4 figures and 2 boxe
Nanocrystal
We focused on cutting-edge science and technology of Nanocrystals in this book. "Nanocrystal" is expected to lead to the creation of new materials with revolutionary properties and functions. It will open up fresh possibilities for the solution to the environmental problems and energy problems. We wish that this book contributes to bequeath a beautiful environment and valuable resources to subsequent generations
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