Uplink Communication between WiMAX and IEEE 802.11P using subchannelization

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QUANTUM ROAD TRAFFIC MODEL FOR AMBULANCE TRAVEL TIME ESTIMATION

Efficient management of ambulance utilisation is a vital issue for life saving. Knowledge of the amount of time needed for an ambulance to get to the hospital and when it will be available for a new task, can be estimated using modern Intelligent Transport Systems. Their main feature is an ability to simulate the state of traffic not only in long term, but also the real time events like accidents or high congestion, using microscopic models. The paper introduces usage of Quantum Computing paradigm to propose a quantum model of road traffic, which can track the state of traffic and estimate the travel time of vehicles. Model, if run on quantum computer can simulate the traffic in vast areas in real time. Proposed model was verified against the cellular automata model. Finally, application of quantum microscopic traffic models for ambulance vehicles was taken into consideration

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Being infrastructure-less and without central administration control, wireless ad-hoc networking is playing a more and more important role in extending the coverage of traditional wireless infrastructure (cellular networks, wireless LAN, etc). This book includes state-of the-art techniques and solutions for wireless ad-hoc networks. It focuses on the following topics in ad-hoc networks: vehicular ad-hoc networks, security and caching, TCP in ad-hoc networks and emerging applications. It is targeted to provide network engineers and researchers with design guidelines for large scale wireless ad hoc networks

Infraestrutura de comunicações e serviços para IoT em ambientes urbanos

Nos últimos anos têm sido criticados os testes das tecnologias apenas em simuladores, por não terem em conta as condicionantes da realidade e suas influências para os utilizadores em ambiente real. Tais críticas têm levado à realização de testes em ambientes reais, tendo, contudo, um efeito agravante que é a exigência de uma infraestrutura grande e cara, o que torna mais difícil aos investigadores e desenvolvedores o acesso às mesmas. Por vários motivos, incluindo os custos de desenvolvimento em ambientes reais, tem existido um aumento da diferença entre a tecnologia desenvolvida no momento e a tecnologia disponibilizada para o público em geral, o que gerou um crescente interesse em criar laboratórios em condições reais pelo mundo inteiro, chamados laboratórios vivos. Estes laboratórios têm por objetivo disponibilizar as tecnologias em desenvolvimento, fornecendo o acesso aos investigadores interessados, assim permitindo que sejam feitos testes e demonstrações nestas plataformas, obtendo resultados realísticos. Tal poderá acelerar a finalização destas tecnologias, ajudando a reduzir a diferença entre as tecnologias disponíveis e as tecnologias a serem desenvolvidas no momento. Este trabalho apresenta contribuições para o projeto PASMO, que vai fornecer uma plataforma que disponibiliza tecnologias recentes para testes e desenvolvimento. As contribuições apresentadas neste trabalho para a plataforma estão divididas em três partes, que são: planeamento, eletrónica e controlo de rede. A parte de planeamento consiste em decidir a localização dos equipamentos da plataforma, mas, como a plataforma tem de funcionar em diversas condições temporais, foi necessário a execução de vários testes que servem para verificar os limites das várias tecnologias escolhidas, de forma a garantir o bom funcionamento da plataforma mesmo em condições adversas. Assim sendo, neste trabalho foram feitos testes de LoRa e Wi-Fi, em que se obteve um alcance superior a 500 metros para o Wi-Fi, e um alcance de 100 metros para os sensores de estacionamento de LoRa testados. Com base nos resultados obtidos foram selecionadas algumas opções de localização dos dispositivos. A parte de eletrónica resume-se na criação de um sistema heartbeat, que controla se o equipamento da plataforma está a funcionar normalmente, e caso exista algum problema pode remover temporariamente a energia ao equipamento da plataforma de forma a obrigar a um reiniciar. Esse sistema, tem um circuito para controlar a energia fornecida aos equipamentos da plataforma, e além disso, o sistema heartbeat tem um dispositivo de processamento, que monitoriza um desses equipamentos e controla o circuito. Verificou-se que com a solução desenvolvida se consegue monitorizar um Access Point. Na parte controlo de rede foi feito um programa que consegue comunicar com cada um dos sistemas heartbeat, que consegue controlar cada um deles sem a necessidade da deslocação ao local do equipamento.In recent years, it has been criticized to only test technologies at simulators, before being applied for everyone to use. Due to these critics, it is now necessary to test all technologies in real environment. However, some technologies require a large and expensive infrastructure, making it difficult for researchers to access. For some reasons, including the reasons above, there has been an increasing difference between the technologies used and the technologies in development. This generates a growing interest in creation of open living labs around the world. These laboratories are made to provide recent technologies, giving access to researchers interested in its development. Allowing test and demonstrations at these platforms for realistic results. This will help in finalizing the technologies, which will reduce the gap between available technologies and the technologies in development at the moment. This thesis presents some contributions made for the PASMO project, which will provide a platform where will be possible to test and develop some recent technologies. These contributions can be divided in three different parts: planning, electronic e network control. In the planning part it was discussed where the equipment will be deployed. To select the locations, it was necessary to tests the technologies used under different climatic conditions. These tests were made to know the limits of the technologies used, in order to guarantee that the platform works in adverse conditions. The tests were made on Wi-Fi and LoRa, and analysing the results obtained we concluded that the range of Wi-Fi is more than 500 meters and the range of LoRa parking sensors is 100 meters. Based on these results, some options were selected to the places of equipment. In the electronic part, it is the projection of a heartbeat system. This system will check if the platform equipment is operating normally. In case of problems, this system can temporarily remove the power of the equipment, to make a hard reset on the equipment. For this it was necessary to create a circuit to control the energy and a program to a microcontroller that will check the equipment and control the circuit. With the solution developed it was verified that an access point can be monitored. For the network control part, a program has been made that can communicate with each heartbeat system. With this program, the user can control and monitor each heartbeat system without having to go to the location of the equipment.Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicaçõe

Towards intelligent transport systems: geospatial ontological framework and agent simulation

In an Intelligent Transport System (ITS) environment, the communication component is of high significance as it supports interactions between vehicles and the roadside infrastructure. Existing studies focus on the physical capability and capacity of the communication technologies, but the equally important development of suitable and efficient semantic content for transmission has received notably less attention. Using an ontology is one promising approach for context modelling in ubiquitous computing environments. In the transport domain, an ontology can be used both for context modelling and semantic contents for vehicular communications. This research explores the development of an ontological framework implementing a geosemantic messaging model to support vehicle-to-vehicle communications. To develop an ontology model, two scenarios (an ambulance situation and a breakdown on the motorway) are constructed to describe specific situations using short-range communication in an ITS environment. In the scenarios, spatiotemporal relations and semantic relations among vehicles and road facilities are extracted and defined as classes, objects, and properties/relations in the ontology model. For the ontology model, some functions and query templates are also developed to update vehicles’ movements and to provide some logical procedures that vehicles need to follow in emergency situations. To measure the effects of the vehicular communication based on the ontology model, an agent-based approach is adopted to dynamically simulate the moving vehicles and their communications following the scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate that the ontology model can support vehicular communications to update each vehicle’s context model and assist its decision-making process to resolve the emergency situations. The results also show the effect of vehicular communications on the efficiency trends of traffic in emergency situations, where some vehicles have a communication device, and others do not. The efficiency trends, based on the percentage of vehicles having a communication device, can be useful to set a transition period plan for implanting communication devices onto vehicles and the infrastructure. The geospatial ontological framework and agent simulation may contribute to increase the intelligence of ITS by supporting data-level and application-level implementation of autonomous vehicle agents to share knowledge in local contexts. This work can be easily extended to support more complex interactions amongst vehicles and the infrastructure

Operational inferences on VANETs in 802.16e and 802.11p with improved performance by Congestion alert

Mobile WiMAX is a burgeoning network technology with diverse applications, one of them being used for VANETs. The performance metrics such as Mean Throughput and Packet Loss Ratio for the operations of VANETs adopting 802.16e are computed through simulation techniques. Next we evaluated the similar performance of VANETs employing 802.11p, also known as WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment). The simulation model proposed is close to reality as we have generated mobility traces for both the cases using a traffic simulator (SUMO), and fed it into network simulator (NS2) based on their operations in a typical urban scenario for VANETs. In sequel, a VANET application called `Street Congestion Alert' is developed to assess the performances of these two technologies. For this application, TraCI is used for coupling SUMO and NS2 in a feedback loop to set up a realistic simulation scenario. Our inferences show that the Mobile WiMAX performs better than WAVE for larger network sizes