722,186 research outputs found

    A pedagogical overview of quantum discord

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    Recent measures of nonclassical correlations are motivated by different notions of classicality and operational means. Quantum discord has received a great deal of attention in studies involving quantum computation, metrology, dynamics, many-body physics, and thermodynamics. In this article I show how quantum discord is different from quantum entanglement from a pedagogical point of view. I begin with a pedagogical introduction to quantum entanglement and quantum discord, followed by a historical review of quantum discord. Next, I give a novel definition of quantum discord in terms of any classically extractable information, a approach that is fitting for the current avenues of research. Lastly, I put forth several arguments for why discord is an interesting quantity to study and why it is of interest to so many researchers in the community.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, to appear in special OSID volume of on open system

    Applications of remote sensing to hydrologic planning

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    The transfer of LANDSAT remote sensing technology from the research sector to user operational applications requires demonstration of the utility and accuracy of LANDSAT data in solving real problems. This report describes such a demonstration project in the area of water resources, specifically the estimation of non-point source pollutant loads. Non-point source pollutants were estimated from land cover data from LANDSAT images. Classification accuracies for three small watersheds were above 95%. Land cover was converted to pollutant loads for a fourth watershed through the use of coefficients relating significant pollutants to land use and storm runoff volume. These data were input into a simulator model which simulated runoff from average rainfall. The result was the estimation of monthly expected pollutant loads for the 17 subbasins comprising the Magothy watershed

    Gasification reactor engineering approach to understanding the formation of biochar properties

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    Operational reactor temperatures (spanning the reduction zone), pressure, and product gas composition measurements from a downdraft gasifier were compared against subsequent biochar elemental composition, surface morphology and PAH content. Pine feedstock moisture (FM), with values of 7% and 17% was the experimental variable. Moderately high steady-state temperatures were observed inside the reactor, with a ca. 50°C difference in how the gasifier operated between the two feedstock types. Both chars exhibited surface properties comparable to activated carbon, but the relatively small differences in temperature caused significant variations in biochar surface area and morphology: micropore area 584 m2.g-1 (FM7%) against 360 m2.g-1 (FM17%), and micropore volume 0.287 cm3.g-1 (FM7%) against 0.172 cm3.g-1 (FM17%). Differences in char extractable PAH content were also observed, with higher concentrations (187 μg.g-1 15 ± 18) when the gasifier was operated with FM7%, compared to 89 ± 19 μg.g-1 Σ16EPA PAH with FM17%. It is recommended that greater detail on operational conditions during biochar production should be incorporated as standard to future biochar characterisation research as a consequence of these results

    Modelling direct and indirect water requirements of construction

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    Water consumed directly by the construction industry is known to be of little importance. However, water consumed in the manufacture of goods and services required by construction may be significant in the context of a building\u27s life cycle water requirements and the national water budget. This paper evaluates the significance of water embodied in the construction of individual buildings. To do this, an input-output-based hybrid embodied water analysis was undertaken on 17 Australian non-residential case studies. It was found that there is a considerable amount of water embodied in construction. The highest value was 20.1 kilolitres (kL)/m2 gross floor area (GFA), representing many times the enclosed volume of the building, and many years worth of operational water. The water required by the main construction process is minimal. However, the water embodied in building materials is considerable. These findings suggest that the selection of elements and materials has a great impact on a building\u27s embodied water. This research allows the construction industry to evaluate design and construction in broad environmental terms to select options that might be cost neutral or possibly cost positive while retaining their environmental integrity. The research suggests policies focused on operational water consumption alone are inadequate. <br /

    Perencanaan Sistem Pengelolaan Sampah Kecamatan Pedurungan Kota Semarang

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    Pedurungan is a subdistrict in Semarang city, Indonesia that has 20,72 Km2, with the number of populations is 175.770 in 2012. The common constraints faced municipal solid waste management such as lack of institutional management, insufficient financial resources, absence of standarts and regulations, and inappropriate applied system. Pedurungan is currently still use conventional system, which is not including separation and processing solid waste. It has 14 transfer stations that contain 17 containers to transport the waste. The condition of the tranfer station seems not too good, a lot of trashes scattered and buried in that place. Existing condition refers to solid waste management is approximately about 30,22%, waste generation in volume and weight are 2,84 l/person/day and 0,46 kg/person/day. The result of the planning is increase the number of service rate to 71,14%. Finally, this research suggested to define the operational system (technical aspect), to form UPTD as operator of municipal solid waste management (institutional aspect), define some spesification in regulation (regulation aspect), define retribution fee (financial aspect), and increase the role of community in solid waste management (community participation aspect) in order to achieve an effective and ideal solid waste management in Pedurungan

    A Model for Managing Crime Scene Examiners

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    Police forces in the UK employ specially trained Crime Scene Examiners (CSEs) to provide forensic science support to the investigation of crime. Previous research (Bradbury and Feist 2005; Williams 2004) has shown wide variations in the management, deployment, and performance of this staff group and, as such, there is a need to develop performance indicators as a measure of effectiveness. This paper looks at the performance and management of CSEs in Durham Constabulary and discusses a model which focuses on the quality of the work of CSEs rather than the quantity of scenes visited, fingermarks lifted or DNA samples collected. Durham Constabulary focus on three main areas of performance to manage their crime scene examiners: level of activity, quality of materials collected, and the conversion of forensic materials into intelligence matches. In this paper we explore a model of performance management which demonstrates how activity measures and review processes can be implemented and utilised to provide insight into the effectiveness of forensic science. Performance management data collected from 24 CSEs over a one-year period (January to December 2011) is used to discuss the role of forensic performance measures in a scientific support unit, reflecting on the strengths and weaknesses of the measures collected

    A novel enhanced connection of AC/AC powertrain for HEV - modelling and simulation results

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    The paper deals with a novel enhanced connection of AC/AC powertrain for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). The substantial contribution of such a connection is the absence of 4QC auxiliary converter needed for autonomous and hybrid operational modes and its compensation by power-lesser 0x5 matrix converter. The main advantages of a simplified connection are, beside smaller auxiliary converter sizing, also possible better efficiency of the HEV powertrain. So, powertrain operation in autonomous traction accu-battery modes uses direct 0x5 configuration of traction 3x5 MxC matrix converter, and in hybrid modes of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and accu-battery uses besides traction 3x5 MxC matrix converter the auxiliary 0x5 matrix converter. Modeling and simulation using Matlab-Simulink environment of traction powertrain configuration in autonomous modes are presented in the paper as well as all simulation experiment result

    Improvement of the Model for Calculating the Operating Profit of Industrial Enterprises Taking into Account the Problem of Optimal Distribution of Productive Resources

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    On the ground of the conducted research, based on the stated goals and objectives, the model of calculating the operating profit of industrial enterprises, which is based on economic and mathematical dependencies, and takes into account the problem of optimal distribution of production resources in the system of operational management has been improved. Great attention has been paid to the analysis of the cost factors in the system of analysis of the ratio of “costs – volume – profit”, the definition of the optimal distribution of productive resources from the set of possible (admissible) ones in the organization of labor and production, the difference between accounting and economic approaches to calculating profit, the difference in approaches to the classification of overhead costs in terms of activity-based costing.On the ground of the conducted research, based on the stated goals and objectives, the model of calculating the operating profit of industrial enterprises, which is based on economic and mathematical dependencies, and takes into account the problem of optimal distribution of production resources in the system of operational management has been improved. Great attention has been paid to the analysis of the cost factors in the system of analysis of the ratio of “costs – volume – profit”, the definition of the optimal distribution of productive resources from the set of possible (admissible) ones in the organization of labor and production, the difference between accounting and economic approaches to calculating profit, the difference in approaches to the classification of overhead costs in terms of activity-based costing
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