3 research outputs found

    Utopia e distopia nel progetto digitale

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    Sono passati più di venti anni dalla pubblicazione di Being Digital, il celebre libro di Nicholas Negroponte, all’interno del quale il fondatore del MIT Media Lab affermava che “il passaggio dagli atomi ai bit è irreversibile e inarrestabile”. Tale preannunciata rivoluzione, sembra oggi giunta a una fase più matura coinvolgendo sia la sfera pubblica che quella privata, le professioni, la politica e l’economia. Il digitale, facilitando e razionalizzando di giorno in giorno processi precedentemente analogici, è diventato ubiquo. Se da un lato gli aspetti positivi di queste trasformazioni sono evidenti, altrettanto palesi appaiono le aporie: dalla dipendenza tecnologica al rapporto con i social media, fino alla diffusione di una superficiale cultura dell’immagine che mette a rischio gli aspetti più complessi della disciplina architettonica. Il digitale maturo è caratterizzato inoltre dal fenomeno dei Big Data e dalla conseguente diffusione dei metodi di Machine Learning, che mettono ulteriormente in discussione i fondamenti ermeneutici del metodo scientifico, indicando l’inizio di una nuova era in cui non sarebbe più necessario costruire regole e formule per descrivere e comprendere i fenomeni naturali, ma sarebbe sufficiente trovare delle “correlazioni” computazionali (The end of theory, Anderson 2008). In questo numero abbiamo l’opportunità di tornare su un tema sicuramente dibattuto, ma sempre attuale per il frastagliato mondo dell’architettura, che come altri settori ha subito e adottato il digitale e i suoi metodi.It is been over twenty years since the well-known book by Nicholas Negroponte Being Digital has been published. In this book the founder of the MIT Media Lab stated that “change from atoms to bits is irrevocable and unstoppable”. It seems today that this announced revolution is in an advanced stage, investing the public and the private sphere, the professions, the politics, the economics. The digital, by simplifying and rationalizing analogic processes, is today a ubiquitous phenomenon. On one hand positive aspects may appear evident, on the other aporias are undeniable. Technological dependency, pathological relations with social medias, the diffusion of a superficial culture of the image that compromises the most complex aspects of architectural practice are just few of the problems that the digital may provoke. The contemporary phase of the digital is also characterized by the Big Data phenomenon and by the resulting Machine Learning methods. They challenge the hermeneutics principles of the scientific methods showing the beginning of a new era in which it will be possible just to find computational “correlations” (The end of theory - Anderson 2008) instead of rules and formulas. In this issue of IN FOLIO entitled “Utopia and dystopia in the digital project”, we have the opportunity to go back to a topic that has been long discussed. Nevertheless, it remains an actual theme for architecture. Digital techniques affected the way a project is produced, displayed, measured and communicated. Just as in our life, in our cities and in our offices, data become more and more important. Just think about how the BIM and its growing diffusion enrich architectural projects with digital information. Therefore, we invite you to send us original articles on the impact of the digital on architectural and urban design, on construction, on urban studies the history of art and architecture

    Rethinking the Evolution of Temporal Fenestrae in Turtles: An Interactive Application for Comparative Anatomy and Phylogenetics

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    The question of turtle origins is among the oldest and most debated problems in vertebrate systematics. A key factor in this debate is the pattern of temporal fenestration in the skull, which has long been central to amniote evolutionary hypotheses. Recently, there has been robust evidence supporting turtles as having evolved within the diapsid radiation, which includes all other living reptiles. This requires that the anapsid skull in turtles is secondarily derived. ‘Transitional’ fossils that support this theory were elusive until the Middle Permian reptile Eunotosaurus africanus was re-examined using computed tomography (CT) in 2015. Eunotosaurus exhibits features that help reconcile the gap between turtles and other reptiles, but how it does so is still misunderstood. This misconception is attributed to the complexity of the evolutionary concepts involved and a need for more intuitive visuals describing the complex architecture of the Eunotosaurus skull. This thesis communicates the importance of Eunotosaurus to the study of turtle origins through a novel digital reconstruction and a 3D interactive web application. The first of its kind, this reconstruction utilizes best practices for restoring a fossil’s antemortem shape. It is then implemented in an application focused on contextualizing this taxon in the ‘tree of life.’ This application provides a valuable learning resource for students and investigators as it contributes to virtual paleontology, evolutionary science pedagogy, and functional morphology

    Aplicación de la tecnología 3D a las técnicas de documentación, conservación y restauración de bienes culturales

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    Las nuevas tecnologías se encuentran cada vez más inmersas en la vida cotidiana de los seres humanos. De este modo, la tecnología 3D forma hoy parte de su entorno y como no podía ser de otro modo, el ámbito patrimonial también se hace eco de los avances que esta supone. Sin embargo, precisamente por ser tan reciente, los estudios llevados a cabo hasta la fecha sobre las aplicaciones que estas tecnologías presentan en las tareas enfocadas a salvaguardar el patrimonio, son aún escasos. Por ello, la presente tesis doctoral contempla paliar este déficit de información, centrándose en el estudio, puesta en valor y justificación de la tecnología 3D aplicada a las tareas de documentación, conservación y restauración de los bienes culturales. Explicar dichas aplicaciones, que se comprenda su utilidad por parte del lector y desarrollar diferentes metodologías de trabajo que constituyan pautas de actuación para obras de características similares, constituyen los objetivos de la presente tesis doctoral..
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