Open-Phase Fault Operation of 5-Phase Induction Motor Drives using DTC Techniques

Direct torque control (DTC) is extensively used in conventional three-phase drives as an alternative to field-oriented control methods. The standard DTC technique was originally designed to regulate two independent variables using hysteresis controllers. Recent works have extended the procedure for five-phase drives in healthy operation accounting for the additional degrees of freedom. Although one of the main advantages of multiphase machines is the ability to continue the operation in faulty conditions, the utility of DTC after the appearance of a fault has not been covered in the literature yet. This paper analyses the operation of a five-phase induction motor drive in faulty situation using a DTC controller. An open-phase fault condition is considered, and simulation results are provided to study the performance of the drive, comparing with the behavior during healthy state

Open-Phase Fault Operation of 5-Phase Induction Motor Drives using DTC Techniques

Direct torque control (DTC) is extensively used in conventional three-phase drives as an alternative to field-oriented control methods. The standard DTC technique was originally designed to regulate two independent variables using hysteresis controllers. Recent works have extended the procedure for five-phase drives in healthy operation accounting for the additional degrees of freedom. Although one of the main advantages of multiphase machines is the ability to continue the operation in faulty conditions, the utility of DTC after the appearance of a fault has not been covered in the literature yet. This paper analyses the operation of a five-phase induction motor drive in faulty situation using a DTC controller. An open-phase fault condition is considered, and simulation results are provided to study the performance of the drive, comparing with the behavior during healthy state

Multiphase induction motor drives - a technology status review

The area of multiphase variable-speed motor drives in general and multiphase induction motor drives in particular has experienced a substantial growth since the beginning of this century. Research has been conducted worldwide and numerous interesting developments have been reported in the literature. An attempt is made to provide a detailed overview of the current state-of-the-art in this area. The elaborated aspects include advantages of multiphase induction machines, modelling of multiphase induction machines, basic vector control and direct torque control schemes and PWM control of multiphase voltage source inverters. The authors also provide a detailed survey of the control strategies for five-phase and asymmetrical six-phase induction motor drives, as well as an overview of the approaches to the design of fault tolerant strategies for post-fault drive operation, and a discussion of multiphase multi-motor drives with single inverter supply. Experimental results, collected from various multiphase induction motor drive laboratory rigs, are also included to facilitate the understanding of the drive operatio

Assessment of a Universal Reconfiguration-less Control Approach in Open-Phase Fault Operation for Multiphase Drives

Multiphase drives have been important in particular industry applications where reliability is a desired goal. The main reason for this is their inherent fault tolerance. Di erent nonlinear controllers that do not include modulation stages, like direct torque control (DTC) or model-based predictive control (MPC), have been used in recent times to govern these complex systems, including mandatory control reconfiguration to guarantee the fault tolerance characteristic. A new reconfiguration-less approach based on virtual voltage vectors (VVs) was recently proposed for MPC, providing a natural healthy and faulty closed-loop regulation of a particular asymmetrical six-phase drive. This work validates the interest in the reconfiguration-less approach for direct controllers and multiphase drives

Direct Torque Control based on Virtual Voltage Vector for a Six-phase Induction Machine

[EN] Direct torque control (DTC) strategy is one of the methods used to control multiphase machines. This strategy has been popular in recent decades owing to its speed, robustness and simplicity in the control scheme. However, the appearance of the new secondary x-y currents components typical of multiphase systems can deteriorate the currents quality and increase the losses in the stator copper if they are not regulated properly. That is why the definition and use of the called virtual voltage vectors allow the reduction of these x-y components, thus alleviating the main problem of the direct extension of the DTC to systems with more than three phases. This paper presents the implementation of virtual voltage vectors in a direct torque control for the speed regulation of a six-phase induction machine, validating the goodness of the control strategy proposed by experimental results.[ES] La estrategia de control directo de par (DTC por sus siglas en inglés) es uno de los métodos empleados para el control de máquinas multifásicas. Esta estrategia ha sido popular en las últimas décadas gracias a su rapidez, robustez y simplicidad en el esquema de control. Sin embargo, la aparición de las nuevas componentes secundarias de corrientes x-y propias de los sistemas multifásicos pueden deteriorar la calidad de las corrientes y aumentar las pérdidas en el cobre del estator si no se regulan adecuadamente. Es por ello por lo que la definición y el uso de los denominados vectores virtuales de tensión permiten la reducción de estas componentes x-y, paliando así el principal problema de la extensión directa del DTC a sistemas con más de tres fases. Este artículo presenta la implementación de vectores virtuales de tensión en un control directo de par para la regulación de la velocidad de máquina de inducción de seis fases, validando la bondad de la estrategia de control propuesta mediante resultados experimentales.García Entrambasaguas, P.; González Prieto, I.; Durán Martínez, MJ.; Bermúdez Guzmán, M.; Barrero García, FJ. (2018). Vectores Virtuales de Tensión en Control Directo de Par para una Máquina de Inducción de Seis Fases. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 15(3):277-285. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2018.9837OJS277285153Abdel-Khalik, A.S., Masoud, M.I. y Williams, B.W. 2012. Improved flux pattern with third harmonic injection for multiphase induction machines. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 27, No. 3, 1563-1578.Abdel-Khalik, A.S., Masoud, M.I. y Williams, B.W. 2012. Vector controlled multiphase induction machine: harmonic injection using optimized constant gains. 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Modelling and real-time simulation of an advanced marine full-electrical propulsion system. Proc. IEEE PEMD Conference, Edinburgh, U.K., 2, No. 498, 574-579.Gamesa Technological Corporation S.A., 2016. Gamesa 5.0 MW. Recuperado de: http://www.gamesacorp.com/recursos/doc/ productos-servicios/aerogeneradores/catalogo-g10x-45mw.pdfGao, L., Fletcher, J.E. y Zheng, L. 2011. Low-speed control improvements for a two-level five-phase inverter-fed induction machine using classic direct torque control. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 58, No. 7, 2744-2754.González, O., Rodas, J., Ayala, M., Gregor, R., Rivera, M., Durán, M. y González-Prieto, I. 2016. Predictive current control with kalman filter observer for a five-phase induction machine operating at fixed switching frequency.González-Prieto, I., Durán, M.J., Barrero, F., Bermúdez, M. y Guzmán, H. 2017. Impact of postfault flux adaptation on six-phase induction motor drives with parallel converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 32, No. 1, 515-528.González-Prieto, I., Durán, M.J., Che, H.S., Levi, E., Bermúdez, M. y Barrero, F. 2016. Fault-tolerant operation of six-phase energy conversion systems with parallel machine-side converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 31, No. 4, 3068-3079.González-Prieto, I., Durán, M.J. y Barrero, F. 2016. Fault-tolerant control of six-phase induction motor drives with variable current injection. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.Gregor, R., Rodas, J., Gregor, D. y Barrero, F. 2015. Reduced-order observer analysis in MBPC techniques applied to the six-phase induction motor drives. INTECH Open Science.Guzmán, H., Durán, M.J. y Barrero, F. 2012. A comprehensive fault analysis of a five-phase induction motor drive with an open phase. 15th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, LS5b.3-1 - LS5b.3-6.Guzmán, H., Durán, M.J., Barrero, F., Bogado, B. y Toral, S. 2014. Speed control of five-phase induction motors with integrated open-phase fault operation using model-based predictive current control techniques. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 61, No. 9, 4474-4484.Guzmán, H., Durán, M.J., Barrero, F., Zarri, L., Bogado, B., González-Prieto, I. y Arahal, M.R. 2016. Comparative study of predictive and resonant controllers in fault-tolerant five-phase induction motor drives. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 63, No. 1, 606-617.Hodge, C., Williamson, S. y Smith, A.C. 2002. Direct drive marine propulsion motors. Proc. Int. Conf. Electrical Machines (ICEM), Bruges, Belgium, CD-ROM, Paper 807.Jones, M., Slobodan, N., Vukosavic, S., Dujic, D. y Levi, E. 2009. A synchronous current control scheme for multiphase induction motor drives. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 24, No. 4, 860-868.Jung, E., Yoo, H., Sul, S., Choi, H. y Choi, Y. 2012. A nine-phase permanent-magnet motor drive system for an ultrahigh-speed elevator. 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Advances in converter control and innovative exploitation of additional degrees of freedom for multiphase machines. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 63, No. 1, 433-448.Libo, Z., Fletcher, J.E., Williams, B.W. y Xiangning, H. 2008. Dual-plane vector control of a five-phase induction machine for an improved flux pattern. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 55, No. 5, 1996-2005.Lu, S. y Corzine, K. 2005. Multilevel multi-phase propulsion drives. Proc. IEEE ESTS, Philadelphia, PA, 363-370.Martín, C., Arahal, M.R., Barrero, F. y Durán, M.J. 2016. Five-phase induction motor rotor current observer for finite control set model predictive control of stator current. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 63, No. 7, 4527-4538.McCoy, T. y Benatmane, M. 1998. The all-electric warship: An overview of the U.S. Navy's integrated power system development programme. Proc. Int. Conf. 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A novel direct torque control scheme for a sensorless five-phase induction motor drive. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 58, No. 2, 503-513

Comparative Study of DTC and RFOC Methods for the Open-Phase Fault Operation of a 5-Phase Induction Motor Drive

Direct Torque Control (DTC) technique has been applied in recent times in high performance five-phase induction motor drives during the normal operation of the system. The use of DTC in the multiphase area is far from becoming a reality because it has not been used in competitive multiphase applications where the fault operation needs to be considered. The authors have successfully tested the ability of DTC controllers to manage the open-phase fault operation in a five-phase induction motor drive. However, the conclusion of the mentioned study must be completed comparing the obtained results with other mature alternatives based on field oriented controllers. This paper focuses on the comparative analysis of DTC and Rotor Field Oriented Control (RFOC) when an open-phase fault appears in the five-phase induction motor drive. Simulation results are provided to compare the performance of the system using these control alternatives

Novel control techniques in multiphase drives: direct control methods (DTC and MPC) under limit situations.

Premio Extraordinario de Doctorado U

Predictive current control in electrical drives: an illustrated review with case examples using a five-phase induction motor drive with distributed windings

The industrial application of electric machines in variable-speed drives has grown in the last decades thanks to the development of microprocessors and power converters. Although three-phase machines constitute the most common case, the interest of the research community has been recently focused on machines with more than three phases, known as multiphase machines. The principal reason lies in the exploitation of their advantages like reliability, better current distribution among phases or lower current harmonic production in the power converter than conventional three-phase ones, to name a few. Nevertheless, multiphase drives applications require the development of complex controllers to regulate the torque (or speed) and flux of the machine. In this regard, predictive current controllers have recently appeared as a viable alternative due to an easy formulation and a high flexibility to incorporate different control objectives. It is found however that these controllers face some peculiarities and limitations in their use that require attention. This work attempts to tackle the predictive current control technique as a viable alternative for the regulation of multiphase drives, paying special attention to the development of the control technique and the discussion of the benefits and limitations. Case examples with experimental results in a symmetrical five-phase induction machine with distributed windings in motoring mode of operation are used to this end

Extension of Finite-Control Set Model-Based Predictive Control Techniques to Fault-Tolerant Multiphase Drives: Analysis and Contributions

Las máquinas eléctricas son una de las principales tecnologías que hacen posible las energías renovables y los vehículos eléctricos. La necesidad constante de incrementar la capacidad de potencia para generar más energía o para impulsar vehículos cada vez más grandes, ha motivado la investigación y el desarrollo en el área de las máquinas multifásicas las cuales, gracias a su número de fases, permiten no sólo manejar más potencia con menos pulsaciones de par y contenido armónico en la corriente que las máquinas trifásicas convencionales, sino que también permiten obtener una mayor tolerancia a fallos, aumentando el interés de su implementación en aplicaciones donde la fiabilidad juega un papel importante por razones económicas y de seguridad. La investigación más reciente en el área de sistemas multifásicos se centra en el desarrollo de técnicas que permitan explotar las características específicas y especiales de las máquinas multifásicas, viendo el incremento en el número de fases no como un aumento en la complejidad de implementación, sino como un mayor número de grados de libertad tanto en el diseño como en el control, permitiendo mejorar sus prestaciones y fiabilidad, haciéndolas más atractivas para su uso en aplicaciones industriales. Es así como se han desarrollado técnicas de control que permitan operar a alta velocidad o alto par, tolerancia a diferentes tipos de fallos y máquinas con diferentes conexionados de devanados o con sistemas formados por múltiples variadores y máquinas. El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es la extensión del control predictivo para máquinas multifásicas (específicamente el control predictivo de estados finitos basado en modelo o FCS-MPC por sus siglas en inglés) a la operación tolerante a fallos, aprovechando la capacidad de tolerancia a fallos que las máquinas multifásicas poseen, asegurando su funcionamiento de una manera eficiente y controlada. Con este fin se estudió el modelo matemático de la máquina en condiciones de pre- y post- falta considerando diferentes tipos de faltas, permitiendo establecer el efecto que las condiciones de fallo tienen en el comportamiento del sistema. Se desarrollaron modelos de simulación de una máquina de inducción de cinco fases, considerando faltas de fase abierta y en el disparo de los IGBT’s de una fase, permitiendo el diseño y validación del controlador FCS-MPC tolerante a fallos, cuyos resultados obtenidos fueron presentados en diversos congresos internacionales. La posterior implementación y validación experimental del control tolerante a fallos propuesto dio lugar a la publicación de dos de los artículos científicos presentados en esta tesis. Del mismo modo, se desarrolló un control tolerante a fallos basado en controladores lineales (de tipo resonante), teniendo en cuenta los esquemas propuestos en publicaciones científicas recientes y se realizó una comparativa entre el control tolerante a fallos basado en FCS-MPC y el controlador resonante ante un fallo de fase abierta, mediante resultados de simulación y experimentales, dando lugar a la publicación en un congreso internacional y en un artículo de revista científica. Las contribuciones de esta tesis doctoral se han publicado en la revista científica IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics entre los años 2013/2015

Performance Analysis of Direct Torque Controllers in Five-Phase Electrical Drives

The industrial application of electric machines has grown in the last decades, thanks to the development of microprocessors and power converters, which have permitted their use as variable-speed drives. Although three-phase machines are the common trend, the interest of the research community has recently focused on machines with more than three phases, known as multiphase machines. The principal reason lies in the exploitation of their advantages in terms of reliability, i.e., post-fault operating capability. Additionally, multiphase machines provide a better current distribution among phases, and lower current harmonic production in the power converter, than conventional three-phase machines. However, multiphase drive applications require the development of complex controllers to regulate the torque (or speed) and flux of the machine. In this regard, direct torque controllers have appeared as a viable alternative due to their easy formulation and high flexibility to incorporate control objectives. However, these controllers face some peculiarities and limitations in their use that require attention. This work aims to tackle direct torque control as a viable alternative for the regulation of multiphase drives. Special attention will be paid to the development of the control technique and the expected benefits and limitations in the obtained results. Case examples based on symmetrical five-phase induction machines with distributed windings in the motoring mode of operation will be used to this end