A Proposal for an Open Logistics Interconnection Reference Model for a Physical Internet

International audienceThis paper presents a New Open Logistics Interconnection (NOLI) reference model for a Physical Internet, inspired by the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model for data networks. This NOLI model is compared to the OSI model, and to the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model of Internet. It is also compared to the OLI model for a Physical Internet proposed by Montreuil. The main differences between the presented NOLI model and all the other models named above are in the appearance of definitions of physical objects in different layers and not just the lowest one. Also, the NOLI model we present locates the containerization and de-containerization operations in the topmost layer, and not in the layer below as does the OLI model. Finally, the NOLI model is closer to the TCP/IP and OSI models than the OLI model, keeping the integrity of the Link Layer that the OLI model divides in two layers, and keeping separate the Session and Transport OSI Layers that the OLI model unites in just one layer

Analysis of Transport Layer Protocol Functions within TCP/IP Protocol Stack

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol složaj (TCP/IP) je skup Internet protokola koji je razvijen kao nadopuna Open System Interconnection referentnom modelu (OSI RM) i prikazuje kako dva različita sustava mogu komunicirati jedan sa drugim. U radu su prikazane funkcije i razlike između slojeva ranije navedenih modela. Ipak, u završnom radu naglasak je na protokolima transportnog sloja TCP/IP složaja. Transportni sloj zadužen je za siguran i pouzdan prijenos podataka od početne do krajnje točke u mreži, te se za taj prijenos najčešće koriste Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP) i Stream Control Protocol (SCTP). Na samom kraju rada prikazana je komparacija funkcionalnosti protokola transportnog sloja TCP/IP složaja.TCP/IP model is a set of Internet protocols which is developed as a complement to the Open System Interconnection - Reference Model and it shows communication between two different systems. Functions and differences between the layers of the previously mentioned models are presented in the thesis. However, in the bachelor thesis, the emphasis is on TCP/IP transport layer protocols. The transport layer is responsible for secure and reliable data transmission from point-to-point network. Transmission Control Protocol, User Datagram Protocol i Stream Control Protocol are most commonly used for this transfer. At the end of the thesis is a comparison of the TCP/IP model transport layer protocol functionality

Analysis of Transport Layer Protocol Functions within TCP/IP Protocol Stack

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol složaj (TCP/IP) je skup Internet protokola koji je razvijen kao nadopuna Open System Interconnection referentnom modelu (OSI RM) i prikazuje kako dva različita sustava mogu komunicirati jedan sa drugim. U radu su prikazane funkcije i razlike između slojeva ranije navedenih modela. Ipak, u završnom radu naglasak je na protokolima transportnog sloja TCP/IP složaja. Transportni sloj zadužen je za siguran i pouzdan prijenos podataka od početne do krajnje točke u mreži, te se za taj prijenos najčešće koriste Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP) i Stream Control Protocol (SCTP). Na samom kraju rada prikazana je komparacija funkcionalnosti protokola transportnog sloja TCP/IP složaja.TCP/IP model is a set of Internet protocols which is developed as a complement to the Open System Interconnection - Reference Model and it shows communication between two different systems. Functions and differences between the layers of the previously mentioned models are presented in the thesis. However, in the bachelor thesis, the emphasis is on TCP/IP transport layer protocols. The transport layer is responsible for secure and reliable data transmission from point-to-point network. Transmission Control Protocol, User Datagram Protocol i Stream Control Protocol are most commonly used for this transfer. At the end of the thesis is a comparison of the TCP/IP model transport layer protocol functionality

Analysis of Transport Layer Protocol Functions within TCP/IP Protocol Stack

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol složaj (TCP/IP) je skup Internet protokola koji je razvijen kao nadopuna Open System Interconnection referentnom modelu (OSI RM) i prikazuje kako dva različita sustava mogu komunicirati jedan sa drugim. U radu su prikazane funkcije i razlike između slojeva ranije navedenih modela. Ipak, u završnom radu naglasak je na protokolima transportnog sloja TCP/IP složaja. Transportni sloj zadužen je za siguran i pouzdan prijenos podataka od početne do krajnje točke u mreži, te se za taj prijenos najčešće koriste Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP) i Stream Control Protocol (SCTP). Na samom kraju rada prikazana je komparacija funkcionalnosti protokola transportnog sloja TCP/IP složaja.TCP/IP model is a set of Internet protocols which is developed as a complement to the Open System Interconnection - Reference Model and it shows communication between two different systems. Functions and differences between the layers of the previously mentioned models are presented in the thesis. However, in the bachelor thesis, the emphasis is on TCP/IP transport layer protocols. The transport layer is responsible for secure and reliable data transmission from point-to-point network. Transmission Control Protocol, User Datagram Protocol i Stream Control Protocol are most commonly used for this transfer. At the end of the thesis is a comparison of the TCP/IP model transport layer protocol functionality

A Comparison of TCP/IP Network Layer Protocol Characteristics and their Applications

U ovom radu objašnjeni su OSI (eng. Open Systems Interconnection) referentni model, TCP/IP (eng. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) model te njihova usporedba da bi se mogla utvrditi primjena pojedinog protokola. Također, objašnjena je te na primjeru prikazana enkapsulacija podataka. Nadalje, napravljena je usporedba dva najznačajnija protokola transportnog sloja TCP/IP modela, te su navedene njihove prednosti i mane. Naposljetku, napravljena je analiza prijenosa videa koristeći TCP i UDP (eng. User Datagram Protocol) protokol, te su prikazani njeni rezultati.In this thesis OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) reference model and TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) model are explained and compared in order to determine the application of specific protocol. The thesis explains and illustrates the data encapsulation process. Furthermore, the comparison of the two most important protocols of the transport layer in TCP/IP model is made highlighting the pros and cons of each protocol. Lastly, the analysis of video transmision while using TCP and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) protocol was made and the results of the analysis are presented

A Comparison of TCP/IP Network Layer Protocol Characteristics and their Applications

U ovom radu objašnjeni su OSI (eng. Open Systems Interconnection) referentni model, TCP/IP (eng. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) model te njihova usporedba da bi se mogla utvrditi primjena pojedinog protokola. Također, objašnjena je te na primjeru prikazana enkapsulacija podataka. Nadalje, napravljena je usporedba dva najznačajnija protokola transportnog sloja TCP/IP modela, te su navedene njihove prednosti i mane. Naposljetku, napravljena je analiza prijenosa videa koristeći TCP i UDP (eng. User Datagram Protocol) protokol, te su prikazani njeni rezultati.In this thesis OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) reference model and TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) model are explained and compared in order to determine the application of specific protocol. The thesis explains and illustrates the data encapsulation process. Furthermore, the comparison of the two most important protocols of the transport layer in TCP/IP model is made highlighting the pros and cons of each protocol. Lastly, the analysis of video transmision while using TCP and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) protocol was made and the results of the analysis are presented

Optimum Physical-Layer Frame Size for Maximising the Application-Layer Rateless Code’s Effective Throughput

The tolerable packet-loss ratio of an Internet Protocol (IP) based wireless networks varies according to the specific services considered. File transfer for example must be error free but tolerates higher delays, whereas maintaining a low delay is typically more important in interactive Voice Over IP (VOIP) or video services. Classic Forward Error Correction (FEC) may be applied to the data to provide resilience against bit errors. A wireless IP network provides the opportunity for the inclusion of FEC at the physical, transport and application layers. The demarcation between the analogue and digital domain imposed at the Physical layer (PHY) predetermines the nature of the FEC scheme implemented at the various layers. At the PHY individual packets may be offered FEC protection, which increases the likelihood of their error-free insertion into the protocol stack. Higher layers receive packets that are error free and the purpose of a FEC scheme implemented here is to regenerate any missing packets obliterated for example by the Binary Erasure Channel (BEC) of the IP network’s routers. A rateless code may be beneficially employed at a higher Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) layer for replenishing the obliterated packets, but unless the characteristics of the channel are considered, the ultimate rate achieved by such a code may be compromised, as shown in this contribution

Communication Standards for Online Interchange of Library Information

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