Smart Parking Systems Design and Integration Into IoT

This paper looks at two smart parking reservation algorithms, and examines the ongoing efforts to connect smart systems of different domains in a city\u27s infrastructure. The reservation algorithms are designed to improve the performance of smart parking systems. The first algorithm considers the distance between parking areas and the number of free parking spaces in determining a parking space. The second algorithm uses distance between parking areas and driver destination, parking price, and the number of unoccupied spaces for each parking area. Neither of these smart parking systems cover how they could fit into a larger scale smart system. As a result, we also look at how interconnection of smart systems is a big priority in the European Union. The researchers there aim to avoid vertical silos of information. Sharing smart system information between different domains can be used to create new or improved services

Blockchain Use Cases and Concepts in Sports: A Systematic Review

Blockchain innovations such as digital fan tokens and non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have garnered notable attention in the sports industry, yet the wider industry is struggling to keep up with the pace of digitalization. To harness the potential of blockchain technology, sports management practitioners and information systems (IS) researchers need to gain a much better understanding. Hence, the purpose of this study is to advance the theoretical understanding of blockchain in the sports sector. Thereby, we identify, consolidate, and classify blockchain use cases in the domain through a thorough review of the literature published to date. In addition, we (1) provide an overview and classification of blockchain use cases, (2) identify various opportunities for internal and external stakeholders to benefit from blockchain technology, and (3) derive a theoretical concept for blockchain technology regarding its properties, applications, and stakeholders. Furthermore, we (4) propose beneficial directions for future research in this emerging field

The Internet of Things Connectivity Binge: What are the Implications?

Despite wide concern about cyberattacks, outages and privacy violations, most experts believe the Internet of Things will continue to expand successfully the next few years, tying machines to machines and linking people to valuable resources, services and opportunities

The digital ‘connected’ earth: open technology for providing location-based services on degraded communication environments

In the current world, it is easy to listen that everybody and everything is connected. Over this connected world, the concept of location-based services has grown in order to provide digital services in everyplace and at every time. Nevertheless, this is not 100% true because the connection is not guaranteed for many people and in many places. These are the Degraded Communications Environments (DCE), environments where the availability of high-speed communications is not guaranteed in at least the 75% of the time. This paper works over the experience of a previous work in developing light protocols that do not need broadband for communication. This work provides an extension of these protocols for the inclusion of mobile devices as elements of the communication process and a set of libraries to allow the development of applications in DCE. The work done has involved the development of two frameworks: an Android framework that makes the incorporation of Android devices easier and a server-based framework that provides the server side for the development of the referred applications. A use case that uses these two frameworks has been developed. Finally, all technology developed is available throw a public Git repository

Non-fungible tokens and the event ticketing industry in Portugal

The event ticketing industry has various points of failure along its value chain, both in the primary market and in the secondary market. The emergence of Non-Fungible Tokens has led to the search for new use cases that could create value for the industry. The objective of this dissertation is to understand the impact of NFTs on the event ticketing industry in Portugal, analyzing through scenario planning which are the different possible adoption scenarios given the different behaviors by industry stakeholders. The extant literature identifies general impacts of NFTs on the industry but does not specify factors influencing adoption, how it might be done, and specific impacts on the ticketing industry. With input from fourteen experts, it was possible to identify the most important aspects influencing adoption of NFTs in the industry. These include new sources of revenue, data collection and customer experience, and the way ticketing can become a tool that starts before the event and ends only after the event.A indústria de bilheteira encontra-se com diferentes falhas ao longo da sua cadeia de valor, tanto no mercado primário como no mercado secundário. O surgimento dos NonFungible Tokens levou à procura por novos use cases que possibilitassem a criação de valor para a indústria. O objetivo desta dissertação é compreender o impacto dos NFTs na indústria de bilheteira em Portugal, analisando através de scenario planning quais os diferentes cenários de adoção possíveis atendendo aos comportamentos distintos pelos stakeholders da indústria. A presente literatura identifica os impactos generalistas dos NFTs na indústria, mas não concretiza os fatores que influenciam a sua adoção, como poderá ser feita e os impactos específicos que trará na indústria de bilheteira. Com o apoio de catorze experts, foi possível identificar os fatores que terão mais importância na adoção de NFTs na indústria, tais como, novas fontes de receita, data collection e experiência do participante, os cenários de adoção em Portugal e, a forma como a bilheteira e os bilhetes poderão passar a ser uma ferramenta que começa antes do evento e que termina apenas no pós evento

Microservices suite for smart city applications

Smart Cities are approaching the Internet of Things (IoT) World. Most of the first-generation Smart City solutions are based on Extract Transform Load (ETL); processes and languages that mainly support pull protocols for data gathering. IoT solutions are moving forward to event-driven processes using push protocols. Thus, the concept of IoT applications has turned out to be widespread; but it was initially “implemented” with ETL; rule-based solutions; and finally; with true data flows. In this paper, these aspects are reviewed, highlighting the requirements for smart city IoT applications and in particular, the ones that implement a set of specific MicroServices for IoT Applications in Smart City contexts. Moreover; our experience has allowed us to implement a suite of MicroServices for Node-RED; which has allowed for the creation of a wide range of new IoT applications for smart cities that includes dashboards, IoT Devices, data analytics, discovery, etc., as well as a corresponding Life Cycle. The proposed solution has been validated against a large number of IoT applications, as it can be verified by accessing the https://www.Snap4City.org portal; while only three of them have been described in the paper. In addition, the reported solution assessment has been carried out by a number of smart city experts. The work has been developed in the framework of the Select4Cities PCP (PreCommercial Procurement), funded by the European Commission as Snap4City platform

Towards Semantic Interoperability in an Open IoT Ecosystem for Connected Vehicle Services

A present challenge in today’s Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem is to enable interoperability across hetero- geneous systems and service providers. Restricted access to data sources and services limits the capabilities of a smart city to improve social, environmental and economic aspects. Interoperability in the IoT is concerned with both, messaging interfaces and semantic understanding of heterogeneous data. In this paper, the first building blocks of an emerging open IoT ecosystem developed at the EU level are presented. Se- mantic web technologies are applied to the existing messaging components to support and improve semantic interoperability. The approach is demonstrated with a proof-of-concept for connected vehicle services in a smart city setting