23,389 research outputs found
An Existential Perspective on Addiction Treatment: A Logic-based therapy case study
In this essay I argue that a comprehensive understanding of addiction and its treatment should include an existential perspective. I provide a brief overview of an existential perspective of addiction and recovery, which will contextualize the remainder of the essay. I then present a case study of how the six-step philosophical practice method of Logic-Based Therapy can assist with issues that often arise in addiction treatment framed through an existential perspective
A Critical Evaluation of the Thinking Frames Approach as a Teaching Strategy for Multidimensional Conceptual Change in the Science Classroom
This study investigated how a multi-dimensional conceptual change strategy, called the Thinking Frames Approach (TFA), supported students’ learning. The study was conducted in Grades 8-10 science classes over a two-year period. Results showed that students improved their conceptual understanding and written explanations in many science topics. Students’ interest and self-efficacy in science were also positively influenced. TFA support provided to the teacher in guiding students to go through multi-dimensional conceptual change is also discussed
Theory of Robot Communication: II. Befriending a Robot over Time
In building on theories of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC), Human-Robot
Interaction, and Media Psychology (i.e. Theory of Affective Bonding), the
current paper proposes an explanation of how over time, people experience the
mediated or simulated aspects of the interaction with a social robot. In two
simultaneously running loops, a more reflective process is balanced with a more
affective process. If human interference is detected behind the machine,
Robot-Mediated Communication commences, which basically follows CMC
assumptions; if human interference remains undetected, Human-Robot
Communication comes into play, holding the robot for an autonomous social
actor. The more emotionally aroused a robot user is, the more likely they
develop an affective relationship with what actually is a machine. The main
contribution of this paper is an integration of Computer-Mediated
Communication, Human-Robot Communication, and Media Psychology, outlining a
full-blown theory of robot communication connected to friendship formation,
accounting for communicative features, modes of processing, as well as
psychophysiology.Comment: Hoorn, J. F. (2018). Theory of robot communication: II. Befriending a
robot over time. arXiv:cs, 2502572(v1), 1-2
Creationism and evolution
In Tower of Babel, Robert Pennock wrote that
“defenders of evolution would help their case
immeasurably if they would reassure their
audience that morality, purpose, and meaning are
not lost by accepting the truth of evolution.” We
first consider the thesis that the creationists’
movement exploits moral concerns to spread its
ideas against the theory of evolution. We analyze
their arguments and possible reasons why they are
easily accepted. Creationists usually employ two
contradictive strategies to expose the purported
moral degradation that comes with accepting the
theory of evolution. On the one hand they claim
that evolutionary theory is immoral. On the other
hand creationists think of evolutionary theory as
amoral. Both objections come naturally in a
monotheistic view. But we can find similar
conclusions about the supposed moral aspects of
evolution in non-religiously inspired discussions.
Meanwhile, the creationism-evolution debate
mainly focuses — understandably — on what
constitutes good science. We consider the need for
moral reassurance and analyze reassuring
arguments from philosophers. Philosophers may
stress that science does not prescribe and is
therefore not immoral, but this reaction opens the
door for the objection of amorality that evolution
— as a naturalistic world view at least —
supposedly endorses. We consider that the topic of
morality and its relation to the acceptance of
evolution may need more empirical research
Human-Intelligence and Machine-Intelligence Decision Governance Formal Ontology
Since the beginning of the human race, decision making and rational thinking played a pivotal role for mankind to either exist and succeed or fail and become extinct. Self-awareness, cognitive thinking, creativity, and emotional magnitude allowed us to advance civilization and to take further steps toward achieving previously unreachable goals. From the invention of wheels to rockets and telegraph to satellite, all technological ventures went through many upgrades and updates. Recently, increasing computer CPU power and memory capacity contributed to smarter and faster computing appliances that, in turn, have accelerated the integration into and use of artificial intelligence (AI) in organizational processes and everyday life. Artificial intelligence can now be found in a wide range of organizational systems including healthcare and medical diagnosis, automated stock trading, robotic production, telecommunications, space explorations, and homeland security. Self-driving cars and drones are just the latest extensions of AI. This thrust of AI into organizations and daily life rests on the AI community’s unstated assumption of its ability to completely replicate human learning and intelligence in AI. Unfortunately, even today the AI community is not close to completely coding and emulating human intelligence into machines. Despite the revolution of digital and technology in the applications level, there has been little to no research in addressing the question of decision making governance in human-intelligent and machine-intelligent (HI-MI) systems. There also exists no foundational, core reference, or domain ontologies for HI-MI decision governance systems. Further, in absence of an expert reference base or body of knowledge (BoK) integrated with an ontological framework, decision makers must rely on best practices or standards that differ from organization to organization and government to government, contributing to systems failure in complex mission critical situations. It is still debatable whether and when human or machine decision capacity should govern or when a joint human-intelligence and machine-intelligence (HI-MI) decision capacity is required in any given decision situation.
To address this deficiency, this research establishes a formal, top level foundational ontology of HI-MI decision governance in parallel with a grounded theory based body of knowledge which forms the theoretical foundation of a systemic HI-MI decision governance framework
Understanding and modeling of aesthetic response to shape and color in car body design
This study explored the phenomenon that a consumer's preference on color of car body may vary depending on shape of the car body. First, the study attempted to establish a theoretical framework that can account for this phenomenon. This framework is based on the (modern-) Darwinism approach to the so-called evolutionary psychology and aesthetics. It assumes that human's aesthetic sense works like an agent that seeks for environmental patterns that potentially afford to benefit the underlying needs of the agent, and this seeking process is evolutionary fitting. Second, by adopting the framework, a pattern called “fundamental aesthetic dimensions” was developed for identifying and modeling consumer’s aesthetic response to car body shape and color. Next, this study developed an effective tool that is capable in capturing and accommodating consumer’s color preference on a given car body shape. This tool was implemented by incorporating classic color theories and advanced digital technologies; it was named “Color-Shape Synthesizer”. Finally, an experiment was conducted to verify some of the theoretical developments.
This study concluded (1) the fundamental aesthetics dimensions can be used for describing aesthetics in terms of shape and color; (2) the Color-Shape Synthesizer tool can be well applied in practicing car body designs; and (3) mapping between semantic representations of aesthetic response to the fundamental aesthetics dimensions can likely be a multiple-network structure
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