Utility of Parental Mediation Model on Youth’s Problematic Online Gaming

The Parental Mediation Model PMM) was initially designed to regulate children’s attitudes towards the traditional media. In the present era, because of prevalent online media there is a need for similar regulative measures. Spending long hours on social media and playing online games increase the risks of exposure to the negative outcomes of online gaming. This paper initially applied the PMM developed by European Kids Online to (i) test the reliability and validity of this model and (ii) identify the effectiveness of this model in controlling problematic online gaming (POG). The data were collected from 592 participants comprising 296 parents and 296 students of four foreign universities, aged 16 to 22 years in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). The study found that the modified model of the five-factor PMM (Technical mediation, Monitoring mediation, Restrictive mediation, Active Mediation of Internet Safety, and Active mediation of Internet Use) functions as a predictor for mitigating POG. The findings suggest the existence of a positive relation between ‘monitoring’ and ‘restrictive’ mediation strategies and exposure to POG while Active Mediation of Internet Safety and Active mediation of Internet use were insignificant predictors. Results showed a higher utility of ‘technical’ strategies by the parents led to less POG. The findings of this study do not support the literature suggesting active mediation is more effective for reducing youth’s risky behaviour. Instead, parents need to apply more technical mediations with their children and adolescents’ Internet use to minimize the negative effects of online gaming

Online Decision Mediation

Consider learning a decision support assistant to serve as an intermediary between (oracle) expert behavior and (imperfect) human behavior: At each time, the algorithm observes an action chosen by a fallible agent, and decides whether to *accept* that agent's decision, *intervene* with an alternative, or *request* the expert's opinion. For instance, in clinical diagnosis, fully-autonomous machine behavior is often beyond ethical affordances, thus real-world decision support is often limited to monitoring and forecasting. Instead, such an intermediary would strike a prudent balance between the former (purely prescriptive) and latter (purely descriptive) approaches, while providing an efficient interface between human mistakes and expert feedback. In this work, we first formalize the sequential problem of *online decision mediation* -- that is, of simultaneously learning and evaluating mediator policies from scratch with *abstentive feedback*: In each round, deferring to the oracle obviates the risk of error, but incurs an upfront penalty, and reveals the otherwise hidden expert action as a new training data point. Second, we motivate and propose a solution that seeks to trade off (immediate) loss terms against (future) improvements in generalization error; in doing so, we identify why conventional bandit algorithms may fail. Finally, through experiments and sensitivities on a variety of datasets, we illustrate consistent gains over applicable benchmarks on performance measures with respect to the mediator policy, the learned model, and the decision-making system as a whole

Are We Ready For Mediation in Cyberspace?

In Part I, I provide a brief model of a hypothetical multiparty environmental mediation proceeding. I describe limits on environmental mediation common to both the online and offline settings, and provide a model for analysis of the hypothetical proceeding. In Parts II and III, I consider limits on online mediation\u27s potential that derive from the electronic character of the proceeding. In Part II, I discuss challenges for online mediation and conclude that such mediation, particularly complex proceedings such as environmental disputes, should be deferred for the time being. In Part III, I discuss additional concerns about the flow of communication in online mediation suggested by an analogy to the dynamics of online communities

Are We Ready for Mediation in Cyberspace?

In Part I, I provide a brief model of a hypothetical multiparty environmental mediation proceeding. I describe limits on environmental mediation common to both the online and offline settings, and provide a model for analysis of the hypothetical proceeding. In Parts II and III, I consider limits on online mediation\u27s potential that derive from the electronic character of the proceeding. In Part II, I discuss challenges for online mediation and conclude that such mediation, particularly complex proceedings such as environmental disputes, should be deferred for the time being. In Part III, I discuss additional concerns about the flow of communication in online mediation suggested by an analogy to the dynamics of online communities

Parental Mediation and the Internet: Findings of NET Children Go Mobile for Parents\u27 Mediation Strategies in Ireland: Mediazione dei Genitori e Internet: Risultati di NET Children Go Mobile per le Strategie di Mediazione di Genitori in Irlanda.

Based on data collected from the Net Children Go Mobile project, a cross- national study of children aged 9-16 in seven European countries with a focus on the Irish context, this article examines parental mediation of children’ online ac- tivities. The relationship between children’s digital skills (including internet and smartphone use) and parental mediation is also examined and factors influenc- ing parent mediation are highlighted. Parents implement a range of strategies, favouring strict mediation and rules over active mediation on internet safety, but these were associated with reduced children’s online activities and digital skills. These findings challenge researchers to identify effective strategies that don’t impede children’s freedom to access the online world and avail of online opportunities

Exploratory Mediation Analysis with Many Potential Mediators

Social and behavioral scientists are increasingly employing technologies such as fMRI, smartphones, and gene sequencing, which yield 'high-dimensional' datasets with more columns than rows. There is increasing interest, but little substantive theory, in the role the variables in these data play in known processes. This necessitates exploratory mediation analysis, for which structural equation modeling is the benchmark method. However, this method cannot perform mediation analysis with more variables than observations. One option is to run a series of univariate mediation models, which incorrectly assumes independence of the mediators. Another option is regularization, but the available implementations may lead to high false positive rates. In this paper, we develop a hybrid approach which uses components of both filter and regularization: the 'Coordinate-wise Mediation Filter'. It performs filtering conditional on the other selected mediators. We show through simulation that it improves performance over existing methods. Finally, we provide an empirical example, showing how our method may be used for epigenetic research.Comment: R code and package are available online as supplementary material at https://github.com/vankesteren/cmfilter and https://github.com/vankesteren/ema_simulation

Predictors of children’s and young people’s digital engagement in informational, communication, and entertainment activities: findings from ten European countries

Through a re-analysis of survey data collected with a sample of 9,731 youth aged 11–17 from 10 European countries, the article explores how some of the most popular online activities for children and young people (i.e., informational, social, and entertainment activities) relate to different types of perceived digital skills, as well as individual and social characteristics (such as age, gender, emotional problems, sensation seeking, parental mediation, and family environment). Furthermore, this paper looks at the moderating role of the family environment between enabling parental mediation and online activities. Using multi-group structural equation modeling we found that emotional problems, perceived informational and social digital skills, and enabling parental mediation were associated with informational online activities; sensation seeking, perceived informational digital skills, and enabling and restrictive parental mediation were associated with social online activities; and restrictive parental mediation was associated with entertainment online activities. Implications of these findings for educators, policy-makers, and parents are outlined, as well as limitations and future directions

Community model of online pedagogical inquiry and mediation: necessary perceptions

This study analyzes the process of online pedagogical mediation in a Distance Education undergraduate Pedagogy course based on the students’ perception of the learning experience in a virtual learning environment (VLE). Online pedagogical mediation is understood in this study as an educational and communicational process that aims at collective and collaborative construction of knowledge involving multiple mediators (human and non-human). To analyze this process, the community of inquiry (CoI) theoretical model played a central role in our study, especially in the interaction between online pedagogical mediation and the elements that constitute this model, considered interdependent and crucial for a successful higher educational experience: teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence. Data was collected with a questionnaire survey, which allowed us to identify the student’s conception of online pedagogical mediation and to assess the perception on the development of the presences of the CoI model in the pedagogical mediation used in the course VLE. The results suggest that most students share the perception that online pedagogical mediation is related to the role played by teachers and tutors. Regarding student’s perception of the learning experience, the results show that they positively perceive the development of the presences of the model, while also suggesting aspects of the online pedagogical mediation process that can be improved, aiming at the constitution of a community of inquiry more focused and effective in the development of learning

Shaping a New Type of Hearing: Training Future Lawyers in Online Mediation - insights from a pilot Project

The objective of the session is to provide an insight into the design and delivery of a wholly online mediation training suite that we have developed, written and delivered for our final year LLB Open University undergraduate law students. This interactive workshop will model aspects of the teaching methods and explore opportunities and challenges presented by exposing students to mediation training in an online environment. Shaping a new type of Hearing: Training Future Lawyers in Online Mediation - insights from a pilot project The objective of the session is to provide an insight into the design and delivery of a wholly online mediation training suite that we have developed, written and delivered for our final year LLB Open University undergraduate law students. The project forms part of Justice in Action, our distance learning clinical legal education module which supports students in the delivery of practical legal activities. Clinical legal education is both experiential and participatory. Added to this, online mediation transcends geographic hurdles. We hope that our law students will become reflective professionals and this bite-size course aimed to encourage this. As mediation is increasingly embraced internationally and we move away from the traditional polarised litigated disputes, it is hoped that our future legal practitioners can work to produce fair outcomes that are owned and crafted by the disputants themselves. This project was designed to shape future lawyers’ aspirations and contributions to a just society by scaffolding effective online communication. This interactive workshop will model aspects of this innovative teaching methodology and explore opportunities and challenges presented by exposing students to mediation training in an online environment. Objectives To describe the content of the three mediation training sessions in overview and the different approaches of lawyers and mediators - benefits/disadvantages identified by our students - To demonstrate how we explored the ethical issues - To explain how we incorporated a future focus - To explain the design of the sessions themselves and the underlying pedagogy - To explore the communication techniques considered in the sessions - To share student insights into their experiences in the role play simulated mediation sessions - To share the student observations on the advantages of online mediation - To discuss how perceived barriers to online mediation such as the inability to read body language can be an advantage for participant

Device Mediation And Online Behaviour

An examination into trust, confidence and online behaviour uncovered a shift in the web behaviours of users, which appeared to be altered depending on the device being used to access the web. A diary study-interview approach was used, the results of which indicated that next-generation users (the heaviest of web users, and those more accustomed to Web 2.0 and mobile devices) restricted their range of online activities, particularly when using smartphones – their most frequently used device. The results of the interview uncovered that usability was of paramount importance to the next-generation user and that the ‘mobile app’ coupled with smartphones has the potential capacity to provide a legitimate substitute to traditional modes of access, i.e. desktop PC’s, laptops, tablets