Vibration Measurement of an Unbalanced Metallic Shaft Using Electrostatic Sensors

Vibration measurement of a rotary shaft is essential for the diagnosis and prognosis of industrial rotating machinery. However, the imbalance of a shaft, as quantified through vibration displacement, is the most common cause of machine vibration. The objective of this study is to develop a novel technique through electrostatic sensing for the on-line, continuous and non-contact displacement measurement of a rotary shaft due to imbalance faults. A mathematical model is established to extract useful information about the shaft displacement vibration from the simulated signal in the frequency domain. Experimental tests were conducted on a purpose-built test rig to measure the displacement vibration of the shaft. An eccentric shaft was tested with the output signal from the electrostatic sensor analyzed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through computer simulation and experimental tests. Results obtained indicate that the measurement system yields a relative error of within ±0.6% in the displacement measurement

Electrostatic Sensors – Their Principles and Applications

Over the past three decades electrostatic sensors have been proposed, developed and utilised for the continuous monitoring and measurement of a range of industrial processes, mechanical systems and clinical environments. Electrostatic sensors enjoy simplicity in structure, cost-effectiveness and suitability for a wide range of installation conditions. They either provide unique solutions to some measurement challenges or offer more cost-effective options to the more established sensors such as those based on acoustic, capacitive, optical and electromagnetic principles. The established or potential applications of electrostatic sensors appear wide ranging, but the underlining sensing principle and resultant system characteristics are very similar. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the electrostatic sensors and sensing systems that have been developed for the measurement and monitoring of a range of process variables and conditions. These include the flow measurement of pneumatically conveyed solids, measurement of particulate emissions, monitoring of fluidised beds, on-line particle sizing, burner flame monitoring, speed and radial vibration measurement of mechanical systems, and condition monitoring of power transmission belts, mechanical wear, and human activities. The fundamental sensing principles together with the advantages and limitations of electrostatic sensors for a given area of applications are also introduced. The technology readiness level for each area of applications is identified and commented. Trends and future development of electrostatic sensors, their signal conditioning electronics, signal processing methods as well as possible new applications are also discussed

NASA Tech Briefs Index, 1977, volume 2, numbers 1-4

Announcements of new technology derived from the research and development activities of NASA are presented. Abstracts, and indexes for subject, personal author, originating center, and Tech Brief number are presented for 1977

Bridges Structural Health Monitoring and Deterioration Detection Synthesis of Knowledge and Technology

INE/AUTC 10.0

Design and Applications of Coordinate Measuring Machines

Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) have been conventionally used in industry for 3-dimensional and form-error measurements of macro parts for many years. Ever since the first CMM, developed by Ferranti Co. in the late 1950s, they have been regarded as versatile measuring equipment, yet many CMMs on the market still have inherent systematic errors due to the violation of the Abbe Principle in its design. Current CMMs are only suitable for part tolerance above 10 μm. With the rapid advent of ultraprecision technology, multi-axis machining, and micro/nanotechnology over the past twenty years, new types of ultraprecision and micro/nao-CMMs are urgently needed in all aspects of society. This Special Issue accepted papers revealing novel designs and applications of CMMs, including structures, probes, miniaturization, measuring paths, accuracy enhancement, error compensation, etc. Detailed design principles in sciences, and technological applications in high-tech industries, were required for submission. Topics covered, but were not limited to, the following areas: 1. New types of CMMs, such as Abbe-free, multi-axis, cylindrical, parallel, etc. 2. New types of probes, such as touch-trigger, scanning, hybrid, non-contact, microscopic, etc. 3. New types of Micro/nano-CMMs. 4. New types of measuring path strategy, such as collision avoidance, free-form surface, aspheric surface, etc. 5. New types of error compensation strategy

Index to 1986 NASA Tech Briefs, volume 11, numbers 1-4

Short announcements of new technology derived from the R&D activities of NASA are presented. These briefs emphasize information considered likely to be transferrable across industrial, regional, or disciplinary lines and are issued to encourage commercial application. This index for 1986 Tech Briefs contains abstracts and four indexes: subject, personal author, originating center, and Tech Brief Number. The following areas are covered: electronic components and circuits, electronic systems, physical sciences, materials, life sciences, mechanics, machinery, fabrication technology, and mathematics and information sciences

Physics-Based Modeling of Power System Components for the Evaluation of Low-Frequency Radiated Electromagnetic Fields

The low-frequency electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is an increasingly important aspect in the design of practical systems to ensure the functional safety and reliability of complex products. The opportunities for using numerical techniques to predict and analyze system’s EMC are therefore of considerable interest in many industries. As the first phase of study, a proper model, including all the details of the component, was required. Therefore, the advances in EMC modeling were studied with classifying analytical and numerical models. The selected model was finite element (FE) modeling, coupled with the distributed network method, to generate the model of the converter’s components and obtain the frequency behavioral model of the converter. The method has the ability to reveal the behavior of parasitic elements and higher resonances, which have critical impacts in studying EMI problems. For the EMC and signature studies of the machine drives, the equivalent source modeling was studied. Considering the details of the multi-machine environment, including actual models, some innovation in equivalent source modeling was performed to decrease the simulation time dramatically. Several models were designed in this study and the voltage current cube model and wire model have the best result. The GA-based PSO method is used as the optimization process. Superposition and suppression of the fields in coupling the components were also studied and verified. The simulation time of the equivalent model is 80-100 times lower than the detailed model. All tests were verified experimentally. As the application of EMC and signature study, the fault diagnosis and condition monitoring of an induction motor drive was developed using radiated fields. In addition to experimental tests, the 3DFE analysis was coupled with circuit-based software to implement the incipient fault cases. The identification was implemented using ANN for seventy various faulty cases. The simulation results were verified experimentally. Finally, the identification of the types of power components were implemented. The results show that it is possible to identify the type of components, as well as the faulty components, by comparing the amplitudes of their stray field harmonics. The identification using the stray fields is nondestructive and can be used for the setups that cannot go offline and be dismantle

Offline diagnostika rotoru asynchronního motoru

Asynchronous machines are widely used in various industrial applications, and their reliable operation is essential to maintain the production process. Rotor faults are one of the most common types of faults in asynchronous machines and can lead to a significant decrease in the machine's efficiency and lifespan. Offline diagnostic methods have been developed to detect rotor faults in asynchronous machines, including vibration analysis, current signature analysis, and motor current signature analysis. This research paper presents an overview of offline diagnostic methods for detecting rotor faults in asynchronous machines, their principles, advantages, and limitations. The paper also includes case studies of rotor fault diagnosis in asynchronous machines using Finite Element Method (FEM) and FFT analysis for Maxwell 2D electromagnetic FEM model.Asynchronní stroje jsou široce používány v různých průmyslových aplikacích a jejich spolehlivý provoz je nezbytný pro zachování výrobního procesu. Poruchy rotoru jsou jedním z nejčastějších typů poruch asynchronních strojů a mohou vést k výraznému snížení účinnosti a životnosti stroje. Pro detekci poruch rotoru asynchronních strojů byly vyvinuty offline diagnostické metody, včetně analýzy vibrací, analýzy proudové signatury a analýzy proudové signatury motoru. Tento výzkumný článek uvádí přehled offline diagnostických metod pro detekci poruch rotoru asynchronních strojů, jejich principy, výhody a omezení. Článek rovněž obsahuje případové studie diagnostiky poruch rotoru asynchronních strojů pomocí metody konečných prvků (MKP) a analýzy FFT pro Maxwellův 2D elektromagnetický model MKP.410 - Katedra elektroenergetikyvelmi dobř