The role of information communication technology policies in economic development

노트 : 20th ITS Biennial Conferenc

A study of information technology (IT) adoption among doctors in Singapore

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENCE (MANAGEMENT

EMR ADOPTION BY SMALL CLINICS IN MALAYSIA: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY AND THEORETICAL EXPLANATION

Development of a national health exchange has been the focus of governments in many countries as a means of delivering quality health care at affordable cost. In deployment of a national health exchange, an important facilitator is the adoption and usage of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems by primary health care providers such as small clinics, and secondary/tertiary providers such as speciality clinics and hospitals. However, in-spite of expected benefits to physicians, adoption and usage are found to be low, even in some advanced countries. Adoption levels also vary widely across countries. In this research we used the theoretical lens of TPB to conduct four case studies of small clinics in Malaysia to explore their intent to adopt EMR systems. Based on our findings, we develop a theoretical understanding of the small clinics intent towards EMR adoption and propose that the theory of planned behavior (TPB) when integrated with institutional theory serves to provide better explanation of adoption of new technology in situations of low visibility of the technology, as is generally observed in developing countries. The findings have implications for researchers interested in health-care technology diffusion

Developing a model for tourism smart card and evaluating its effect on tourism services

Nowadays, the use of information technology in the tourism industry has increased the service quality and reduced its prices for tourists. Also, the necessity of developing an integrated network of tourism services is significantly visible. It can play a major role in generating revenue for tourism companies, as well as job creation, sustainable development, and positive environmental effects. The main purpose of this study is to develop a model for tourism smart card (TSC) and evaluate its effects on tourism services. Accommodation, transportation, catering, and purchasing are considered major tourism services. The results show that TSC can improve all four tourism services. Finally, a model is developed by structural equation modeling, and all indices show a good fit for the model. It should be mentioned that in the case of implementation and use of TSCs, tourists and tourism-related organization will be affected. This system can change the main needs of tourists, as it brings valuable services to tourists in sectors such as transportation, accommodation, restaurants, recreational centers, travel insurance. On the other hand, it is effective in revenue generation, an organization of tourism firms, skilled staff training, advertising and earnings for the organization and creation of an accurate database of customers

A Study of Customer Relationship Management in Mobile Phone Service Providing Companies in the State of Gujarat

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Determinations of customers’ internet shopping behavior: empirical test with the theory of planned behavior (TPB)

Son yıllardaki bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki hızlı gelişmeler, İnternet’in yoğun olarak günlük hayatımıza girmesine yol açmış ve tüketicilerin alışveriş anlayışlarını önemli ölçüde değişmiştir. Bireyler İnternet üzerinden alışveriş yapma davranışlarında çok önemli farklılıklar göstermektedir. Tüketicilerin İnternet üzerinden alışveriş yapma veya yapmama tercihlerinin altında yatan psikolojik ve bilişsel nedenler hakkında daha fazla ve detaylı bilgi sahibi olmak, firmaların bu konuda uyguladıkları stratejilerini daha etkin ve doğru belirlemesine önemli katkılar yapacaktır. Bu çalışmada, sosyo - psikoloji literatüründe yaygın olarak kullanılan Planlı Davranış Teorisi (TPB), Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (SEM) kullanılarak tüketici davranışını tahmin etmek için test edilmiştir. Ampirik sonuçlar kuvvetli bir şekilde teorik modeli desteklemiştir.In the recent years, because of the developments in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), Internet has penetrated significantly to our daily lives and caused important changes in customers’ shopping behaviors. Individuals widely differ in their behaviors of online shopping. To know more and to have detailed information on psychological and cognitive factors of customers’ online shopping behavior or reasons of them not shopping online, would reveal valuable insights to firms in forming their corporate Internet strategies. In this study, Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), widely used in socio - psychology literature, is tested with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique to determine customers’ online shopping behaviors. Empirical results revealed very significant support to the underlying theoretical model

Smart city : How smart is it actually?

The global megatrends of population growth and fast urbanisation are negatively impacting the life in the cities. Smart city is the high-level concept by which the cities try to address the need to improve their social, economic and environmental sustainability. This thesis studies how the smart city concept is defined, what are the underlying hypotheses and assumptions on which the smart city research is based on, what are the latest results and innovations of the smart city research, how the smart city initiatives are meeting their objectives, and how the hypotheses and assumptions may vary between the smart city initiatives. The objective of this study is to critically review the smart city research paradigm to find possible pitfalls, conflicting results and topics for further study and improvement. This research is conducted as a traditional critical literature review, covering the current academic literature on the smart city topic, the websites presenting the smart city initiatives around the world, and the latest popular literature for contrasting views. A qualitative comparison of the smart city initiatives in selected cities – Helsinki, Singapore and London – complements the literature review. The research strategy in this study approximates the grounded theory, utilising inductive reasoning to generate arguments and conclusions about the form, validity and future of the smart city. This study produced the following key findings: there are many different and overlapping definitions of smart city; the smart city development is mostly seen as the responsibility of smart ICT implementations, while simultaneously demanding for a more focused human viewpoint; the smart city initiatives form complex, multidisciplinary platforms that require holistic evaluation; the current evaluation methods and rankings of the smart cities vary considerably, making the evaluation of the success of the smart cities difficult; some of the existing smart city elements and proposed solutions are ineffective or even counterproductive for the smart city objectives. The main conclusions of this study were that the complex nature of the smart city initiatives and the conflicts and interdependencies of the smart city objectives are not fully addressed in the current smart city research, and that the current smart city research is not adequately multidisciplinary in nature. For the future, this research argues for the increased utilisation of research methods used in information systems science for their ability to address socio-technical and multidisciplinary problems. Also, the need for a future research on the efficacy of the multidisciplinary research of smart cities is identified.Väestönkasvu, siitä aiheutuva muuttoliike ja nopea kaupungistuminen ovat maailmanlaajuisia megatrendejä, jotka usein vaikuttavat kielteisesti elämisen ja asumisen laatuun kaupungeissa. Älykaupunki on ylemmän tason konsepti, jonka avulla kaupungit yrittävät muokata sosiaalista, taloudellista ja ympäristönsä kehitystä kestävämmälle pohjalle. Tässä tutkielmassa tarkastellaan, miten älykaupungin konsepti on määritelty, mitkä ovat ne taustaolettamukset ja perusteet, joiden varaan älykaupunkien tieteellinen tutkimus pohjautuu, mitkä ovat älykaupunkitutkimuksen viimeisimmät tulokset ja innovaatiot, miten älykaupunkihankkeet saavuttavat tavoitteensa ja miten niiden perusteet ja taustaolettamukset vaihtelevat älykaupunkien välillä. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on kriittisesti tarkastella älykaupunkien tutkimusparadigmaa ja löytää mahdollisia sudenkuoppia sekä ristiriitaisia tutkimusaiheita ja -tuloksia, joita voitaisiin käyttää älykaupunkien jatkotutkimukseen ja -kehittämiseen tulevaisuudessa. Tämä tutkimus on toteutettu perinteisenä kriittisenä kirjallisuustutkimuksena. Lähdeaineistona on käytetty älykaupunkien viimeisimpiä akateemisia tutkimustuloksia ja julkaisuja, älykaupunkihankkeiden omia nettisivustoja ympäri maailman sekä kontrastin vuoksi myös viimeisimpiä populaarin lähdekirjallisuuden käsittelemiä aiheita ja ilmiöitä. Kirjallisuustutkimusta on täydennetty kvalitatiivisella älykaupunkivertailulla, jossa Helsingin, Singaporen ja Lontoon älykaupunkihankkeita on vertailtu keskenään. Työn tutkimusstrategia muistuttaa ankkuroitua teoriaa, jossa induktiivisen päättelyn avulla pyritään lähdeaineistosta löytämään ja luomaan väitteitä, perusteluja ja johtopäätöksiä älykaupunkien muodosta, olemassaolon oikeellisuudesta ja tulevaisuudesta. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin seuraavat pääkohdat: älykaupunki voidaan määritellä usealla, myöskin samanaikaisesti päällekkäisellä tavalla; älykaupunkien kehittäminen nähdään yleensä tieto- ja viestintäteknologisten innovaatioiden kehittämisenä, vaikka samanaikaisesti usein vaaditaan myös inhimillisemmän näkökulman korostamista; älykaupunkihankkeet muodostavat monitahoisia, monia tieteenaloja koskettavia alustoja, jotka vaativat nykyistä kokonaisvaltaisempaa tarkastelua ja arvi-ointia; nykyiset älykaupunkien menestyksen mittarit ja arviointitavat vaihtelevat huomattavasti, jolloin älykaupunkien älykkyyden ja onnistumisen yhteismitallinen arviointi on vaikeaa; jotkut havaituista älykaupunkien ominaisuuksista ja ratkaisuista ovat tehottomia tai jopa kielteisesti älykaupunkien tavoitteisiin vaikuttavia. Tässä tutkimuksessa päädyttiin seuraaviin johtopäätöksiin: älykaupunkihankkeiden monimutkaisen ja ristiriitaisen luonteen takia nykyinen älykaupunkitutkimus- ja kehitys ei täysin pysty vastaamaan näiden ristiriitaisuuksien ja keskinäisriippuvuuksien tuomiin haasteisiin; nykyinen älykaupunkitutkimus ei myöskään ole tieteellisesti riittävän monialaista. Tämän tutkimuksen pohjalta voidaan suositella, että tulevaisuudessa älykaupunkien kehitys voisi pohjautua enemmän tietojärjestelmätieteiden tutkimusmetodologioiden hyödyntämiseen, jolloin älykaupunkien vaatimat sosiotekniset ja monitieteelliset näkökulmat saataisiin paremmin havaittua, katettua ja arvioitua tutkimustuloksissa. Tulevaisuudessa tarvitaan myös tutkimusta siitä, kuinka tehokkaasti monitieteellinen älykaupunkitutkimus onnistuu

Global and regional sourcing of ICT-enabled business services: upgrading of China, Hong Kong and Singapore along the global value chain

Offshoring, as part of globalisation, first started decades ago with manufacturing processes disintegrated along the global value chain and dramatically redistributed to low-cost regions. The next global shift of work involving ICT-enabled business services has arisen since the 1990s, especially featuring the success of India’s supplier role. The possibilities for the Global South to move up the value ladder are well demonstrated by the achievements of the newly industrialised economies in East Asia in the first shift and of India in the second. In the services sector, however, potential for upgrading is conditioned by quality-based elements, such as trust, culture and language, which vary both between producing and market areas. Flows are increasingly multi-directional, requiring attention to the neglected issue of demands from fast-growing Southern economies. So how do locations and firms in the Global South attempt to upgrade in the regime of rising services offshoring? The Indian experience especially in serving Anglophone markets in the Global North has been widely documented – but not that of East Asian economies, with their distinct characteristics and strong historic, ethnic and cultural ties with each other. This study examines the upgrading possibilities and constraints of China, Hong Kong and Singapore along the global services chain. For cross-case analysis, it focuses on three specific sets of services, including information technology, finance and accounting, and customer contact services. The concepts of global value chain, competitive advantage and capabilities are applied to reconstruct the phenomenon of services offshoring from both the demand and supply perspectives in the selected locations, and synthesise the dynamics between locational characteristics and firm strategies. A series of distinct upgrading strategies are identified, involving mixes of manufacturisation, knowledge-intensification and deepening relational capabilities to exploit both regional advantages of language/cultural proximity and established global links