30,619 research outputs found
Backwards is the way forward: feedback in the cortical hierarchy predicts the expected future
Clark offers a powerful description of the brain as a prediction machine, which offers progress on two distinct levels. First, on an abstract conceptual level, it provides a unifying framework for perception, action, and cognition (including subdivisions such as attention, expectation, and imagination). Second, hierarchical prediction offers progress on a concrete descriptive level for testing and constraining conceptual elements and mechanisms of predictive coding models (estimation of predictions, prediction errors, and internal models)
Fourth Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Space Applications
Proceedings of a conference held in Huntsville, Alabama, on November 15-16, 1988. The Fourth Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Space Applications brings together diverse technical and scientific work in order to help those who employ AI methods in space applications to identify common goals and to address issues of general interest in the AI community. Topics include the following: space applications of expert systems in fault diagnostics, in telemetry monitoring and data collection, in design and systems integration; and in planning and scheduling; knowledge representation, capture, verification, and management; robotics and vision; adaptive learning; and automatic programming
Sensitivity analysis in a scoping review on police accountability : assessing the feasibility of reporting criteria in mixed studies reviews
In this paper, we report on the findings of a sensitivity analysis that was carried out within a previously conducted scoping review, hoping to contribute to the ongoing debate about how to assess the quality of research in mixed methods reviews. Previous sensitivity analyses mainly concluded that the exclusion of inadequately reported or lower quality studies did not have a significant effect on the results of the synthesis. In this study, we conducted a sensitivity analysis on the basis of reporting criteria with the aims of analysing its impact on the synthesis results and assessing its feasibility. Contrary to some previous studies, our analysis showed that the exclusion of inadequately reported studies had an impact on the results of the thematic synthesis. Initially, we also sought to propose a refinement of reporting criteria based on the literature and our own experiences. In this way, we aimed to facilitate the assessment of reporting criteria and enhance its consistency. However, based on the results of our sensitivity analysis, we opted not to make such a refinement since many publications included in this analysis did not sufficiently report on the methodology. As such, a refinement would not be useful considering that researchers would be unable to assess these (sub-)criteria
Focusing on Rich Brianβs βDat Stickβ, Higher Brothersβ βMade in Chinaβ, and Keith Apeβs βIT G MAβ
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬) -- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μΈλ¬Έλν νλκ³Όμ λΉκ΅λ¬Ένμ 곡, 2021. 2. κΉνμ€.This thesis explores the essence and cultural connotations of βAsian coolβ represented and promoted by the Asian cultural community 88rising which appeared in Western mainstream pop culture over the past five years. It tries to answer the following questions: what is βcoolβ in Asian cool? And, what is βAsianβ in Asian cool?
The concept of coolness is complex and changeable. Considering the attributes of the research subject, this study focuses on the concept of what is βcoolβ in the field of popular culture, focusing on the close relationship between cool and rebellion represented in popular culture. Through the analysis of the rebellious message as well as the reappearance of the local specificities and three βcoolβ personality traits in the respective works that 88rising representsβnamely, Rich Brianβs βDat Stickβ, Keith Apeβs βIT G MAβ, and Higher Brothersβ βMade in ChinaββI offer the following hypothesis: By sharing Asianness and utilizing hip-hop, an extended and vibrant culture that carries modern coolness, 88rising tries to express both an internal resistance to Asian stereotypes as well as the desire to establish new forms of Asian representation. In this case, 88rising is a vehicle for Pan-Asian unity, while Asian cool in hip-hop represents a powerful cultural movement initiated by the βcool new Asianβ ideal of 88rising, which aims to help Asians and Asian Americans rebuild their representation and identity in the Western popular culture land-scape.
However, it is the pan-Asian nature of this cultural movement that on the other hand also makes Asian cool offer an βoversimplified definition of Asiaβ. In other words, there is the potential for Asian cool to be a powerful cultural movement based on a radical, pan-Asian unity, but that potential cannot be realized if one looks at Asian culture from a homogenous perspective and dilutes it into neatly-packaged, marketable Asianness.
Keywords: Asian cool, hip-hop culture, 88rising, stereotype, young Asian generation, pan-Asia unityλ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμ λͺ©μ μ μ΅κ·Ό 5λ
κ° μμ λμ€λ¬Ένμμ λνλ 88λΌμ΄μ§(88rising)μΌλ‘ λνλλ βμμμ μΏ¨(Asian cool)βμ λ³Έμ§μ λν΄ κ³ μ°°νκ³ μμμ μΏ¨(Asian cool) μ€ βμΏ¨(cool)βκ³Ό βμμμ(Asian)β κ°μμ λ¬Ένμ μΈ μλ―Έλ₯Ό νμνλ λ° μλ€.
88λΌμ΄μ§μ μ
λ―ΈμΌμλ‘(Sean Miyashiro)κ° μ°½λ¦½ν λ€μ€ λ¬Έν μμ΄λ΄ν°ν°λ₯Ό κ°μ§κ³ μλ μμμ λ¬Έν 곡λ체μ΄λ€. 2015λ
창립 μ΄λ 88λΌμ΄μ§μ μμμμΈ λνΌμ μμ€λΉ(R&B) κ°μλ€μ λ°κ΅΄νλ λ° νμ μμμΌλ©°, κ·Έλ€μ΄ λ―Έκ΅μμ μμ
νλμ ν μ μκ² λμμ€ λμμ μ λ‘μλ μ±μ μ μ»μλ€. βμμμ μΏ¨βμ 88λΌμ΄μ§μ΄ λ°μ νλ κ³Όμ μ€ νλμ ν€μλλ‘μ, λ§μ μμ λ―Έλμ΄μ μν΄ μΈμ©λκ³ 88λΌμ΄μ§μ μμ μ μΈ νΉμ±μ λ¬μ¬ν λ μ°μΈλ€.
κΈ°μ‘΄μ μ°κ΅¬μ λ¬λ¦¬ μ°κ΅¬ λμμ μμ±μ κ³ λ €νμ¬, λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ μ°μ βλμ€λ¬Έν μμμ μΏ¨λμ€(coolness)λ 무μμΈκ°?βμ μ΄μ μ λ κ²μ΄λ€. λμ€λ¬Έν λΆμΌμμ μΏ¨λμ€μ κ°λ
μ΄ κ΄λ²νκ² μ μλλ©΄ μ΄λ₯Ό κ°μ’
μ ν λ¬Ένμ νΉμ λ¬Έν μμ΄λ΄ν°ν°μΈ μμμμ μ΄λ»κ² μ μ©ν κ²μΈμ§μ λν΄ νμΈ΅ λ κΉμ΄ κ²ν ν μ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. κ·Έ λ€μμΌλ‘ μ λ μ±
μ λ°νμΌλ‘ νμ¬ λμ€λ¬Έν λΆμΌμμ μΏ¨μ λ°μ κ³Όμ μ μ 리νμλ€. λν μ€μμ λ΄λ¦° μΏ¨μ μ μμΈ βμꡬμ μΈ μ¬μ λ°λμ μν(a permanent state of private rebellion)βλ₯Ό λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ ν΅μ¬ μ μλ‘ νμ¬, λμ€λ¬Έν μμ μ¬νλ λ μΏ¨μ κΆμμ λν λ°νμ μΈ ννμ μ΄μ μ λ§μ·λ€.
μ΄μ¬μ 88λΌμ΄μ§μ μΈ ν μμ κ°μ λν μν(λ¦¬μΉ λΈλΌμ΄μΈμ βDat Stickβ, νμ΄μ΄ λΈλΌλμ€μ βMade in Chinaβ, ν€μ€ μμ΄νμ βIT G MAβ)μ μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ νμ¬, μν μ βλ°νμ μΈ λ©μβμ λν΄ λΆμνλ€. μ΄ κ³Όμ μ βμμμ μΏ¨ μ€μ βμΏ¨βμ΄ λ¬΄μμΈκ°?βμ λ΅μ λν κ³ μ°°μ΄κΈ°λ νλ€. λΆμ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μμ½νλ©΄ μΈ ν μν°μ€νΈλ κ°μ λ€λ₯Έ μ λ΅μ ν΅ν΄ μμμμ μ¨ μΈμ’
μ°¨λ³μ μΈ λ΄λ‘ μ λν΄ μ ννμλ€. λ€μμΌλ‘ νμλ μμμ μΏ¨μ βμμμβμ μ΄μ μ λ§μΆλ©°, μ°κ΅¬ λμμ΄ μν νν© νκ²½κ³Ό μ¬ν νκ²½ λ κ°μ§ μΈ‘λ©΄μμ βμμμβμ μλ―Έλ₯Ό νꡬνλ€. λ¨Όμ , μμμ κ°κ΅ νν© νμ§νμ κ³Όμ μμμ λ³Έν νΉμμ μ§λκ³ μλ λ
νΉν νν© λ―Ένμ΄ νμ±λμλ€. μ΄λ¬ν λ³Έν λ
νΉμ±(local specificities)μ μμμ νν© νμ§νμ μ±κ³Όμ΄λ©°, λ³Έν λνΌλ€μ μ°½μμ κΉμ μν₯μ λΌμΉλ€. βμμμ μΏ¨β μ€μ βμμμβμ λ§μΉ¨ λ³Έν νΉμμ±μ΄ μν μμ λ¨μ μλ νμ μΌλ‘ νμΆλ κ²μ΄λ€. λν βμμμ μΏ¨β μ βμμμβμ 88λΌμ΄μ§μ ꡬμ±μκ³Ό κ°μ΄ μ μΈλμ λ€λ₯Έ μΈκ²© νΉμ±μ κ°μ§ μΏ¨ λ΄ μμμμΈ(cool new Asian)μ΄λ€. μ¬ν ꡬ쑰μ λ³νλ‘ μΈν΄ μμμ μ μΈλλ μ μΈλκ° μΆκ΅¬νλ κ°μΉμ²΄κ³μ μ°¨μ΄μ μ΄ μκ³ , μΈκ²© νΉμ± μΈ‘λ©΄μ βμΏ¨μ μΈκ²©μ νΉμ§βμ λ κ°κΉλ€. μ΄λ¬ν μΏ¨ νΉμ§μ κ·Έλ€μ μν μμμλ λνλλ€.
μ λΆμνλ κ²μ ν΅ν΄ νμλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ κ²°λ‘ μ λμΆνμλ€. μμμμ΄ μ€λ«λμ μμ λ―Έλμ΄μμ μ곑λκ³ μμ μ£Όλ₯ λ¬Έν μμ μ₯κΈ°μ μΌλ‘ λ±μ₯νμ§ μλ μν©μ λ§μ£Όν λ, 88λΌμ΄μ§μΌλ‘ λνλλ μμμ μ μΈλλ νν©μ΄λΌλ νλ μΏ¨λμ€μ λν λ¬Ένλ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μμμμ κ΄ν κ³ μ κ΄λ
(stereotype)μ λν λ΄μ μ νμ λ¬Όλ‘ μλ‘μ΄ μμμμ λν(Asian representation)λ₯Ό ν립νκ³ μ νλ μ΄λ§μ νννλ κ²μ΄λ€. μ΄λ¬ν μν©μμ 88λΌμ΄μ§μ λ²μμμμ μΈ κ³΅ν΅μ²΄(pan-Asian unity)μ λμ± λΉμ·νκ³ , βμμμ μΏ¨βμ 88λΌμ΄μ§μ΄λ μμμ μ μΈλκ° μΌμΌν¨ μν₯λ ₯μ΄ μλ λ¬Έν μ΄λμ μλ―Ένλ©°, μ΄λ μΏ¨μ νμ©μΌ λΏλ§ μλλΌ μΏ¨μ λν μΌμ’
μ κ³μΉκ³Ό λ°μ μ΄κΈ°λ νλ€.
κ·Έλ μ§λ§ μ΄λ¬ν λ¬Ένμ΄λμ λ² μμμμ μΈ μ±μ§λ‘ μΈν΄ βμμμ μΏ¨βμ λ λ€λ₯Έ λ©΄μ΄ βμμμμ λν μ§λμΉ λ¨μν λ μ μ(oversimplified definition of Asia)β κ° λμλ€. λ°κΏ λ§ν΄, κΈμ§μ μ΄κ³ λ²μμμμ μΈ κ³΅λ체λ₯Ό λ°νμΌλ‘ βμμμ μΏ¨βμ μν₯λ ₯μ΄ μλ λ¬Ένμ΄λμ΄ λ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ μμ§λ§, μμμ λ¬Ένλ₯Ό λμ§μ μ΄κ³ λ¨μνλ μκ°μΌλ‘ λ°λΌλ³΄λ©΄ κ·Έ μ μ¬λ ₯μ μ€νλ μ μλ€λ κ²μ΄λ€.
μ£Όμμ΄: μμμ μΏ¨(Asian cool), νν© λ¬Έν, 88λΌμ΄μ§(88rising), κ³ μ κ΄λ
(stereotype), μμμ μ μΈλ, λ² μμμ 곡λ체(pan-Asia unity)1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Background 1
1.2. Constitution of the thesis 4
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1. Studies on "Asian cool" 5
2.2. Summary based on literature review 8
3. THEORY AND METHODOLOGY 11
3.1. Key concept of the study 11
3.1.1. Overall summary of research on "cool" 11
3.1.2. Exploring cool in postwar American popular culture 17
3.1.3. Defining cool in popular culture 27
3.2. Question& research materials 29
3.2.1. Research question 29
3.2.2. Research materials 30
3.3. Research methodology 33
4. ANALYSIS OF ASIAN COOL IN THE SAMPLE CASES 35
4.1. A common dilemma: the "crisis of racial authenticity" 35
4.2. 'Cool' in Asian cool: the rebellious content in 88rising artists 'works 43
4.2.1. Rich Brian: proof of Asian talent 43
4.2.2. Higher Brothers: redefinition of "Made in China" 50
4.2.3. Keith Ape: transcending K-pop and re-appropriated exoticism 60
4.3. What is 'Asian' in Asian cool 79
4.3.1 Question of identity: local specificities in Asian hip-hop 80
4.3.2."Cool New Asian": Asian generation with cool characteristics 97
4.4. Another aspect of "Asian cool": an oversimplified definition of Asia 112
5. CONCLUSION 117
BIBLIOGRAPHY 125
ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 131Maste
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