980 research outputs found

    Alʔilbīrī’s Book of the rational conclusions. Introduction, Critical Edition of the Arabic Text and Materials for the History of the Ḫawāṣṣic Genre in Early Andalus

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    [eng] The Book of the rational conclusions, written perhaps somewhen in the 10th c. by a physician from Ilbīrah (Andalus), is a multi-section medical pandect. The author brings together, from a diversity of sources, materials dealing with matters related to drug-handling, natural philosophy, therapeutics, medical applications of the specific properties of things, a regimen, and a dispensatory. This dissertation includes three different parts. First the transmission of the text, its contents, and its possible context are discussed. Then a critical edition of the Arabic text is offered. Last, but certainly not least, the subject of the specific properties is approached from several points of view. The analysis of Section III of the original book leads to an exploration of the early Andalusī assimilation of this epistemic tradition and to the establishment of a well-defined textual family in which our text must be inscribed. On the other hand, the concept itself of ‘specific property’ is often misconstrued and it is usually made synonymous to magic and superstition. Upon closer inspection, however, the alleged irrationality of the knowledge of these properties appears to be largely the result of anachronistic interpretation. As a complement of this particular research and as an illustration of the genre, a sample from an ongoing integral commentary on this section of the book is presented.[cat] El Llibre de les conclusions racionals d’un desconegut metge d’Ilbīrah (l’Àndalus) va ser compilat probablement durant la segona meitat del s. X. Es tracta d’un rudimentari però notablement complet kunnaix (un gènere epistèmic que és definit sovint com a ‘enciclopèdia mèdica’) en què l’autor aplega materials manllevats (sovint de manera literal i no-explícita) de diversos gèneres. El llibre obre amb una secció sobre apoteconomia (una mena de manual d’apotecaris) però se centra després en les diferents branques de la medicina. A continuació d’uns prolegòmens filosòfics l’autor copia, amb mínima adaptació lingüística, un tractat sencer de terapèutica, després un altre sobre les aplicacions mèdiques de les propietats específiques de les coses, una sèrie de fragments relacionats amb la dietètica (un règim en termes tradicionals) i, finalment, una col·lecció de receptes mèdiques. Cadascuna d’aquestes seccions mostren evidents lligams d’intertextualitat que apunten cap a una intensa activitat sintetitzadora de diverses tradicions aliades a la medicina a l’Àndalus califal. El text és, de fet, un magnífic objecte sobre el qual aplicar la metodologia de la crítica textual i de fonts. L’edició crítica del text incorpora la dimensió cronològica dins l’aparat, que esdevé així un element contextualitzador. Quant l’estudi de les fonts, si tot al llarg de la primera part d’aquesta tesi és només secundari, aquesta disciplina pren un protagonisme gairebé absolut en la tercera part, especialment en el capítol dedicat a l’anàlisi individual de cada passatge recollit en la secció sobre les propietats específiques de les coses

    Milton's Hellenism

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    This thesis investigates the Hellenism of the English poet John Milton from his student writings at Cambridge through to Paradise Lost. It explores Milton’s engagement with classical, Hellenistic, Byzantine, and Early Modern Greek texts and it considers Milton’s reading of Greek scholarship and interactions with Greek scholars and Hellenic scholarship. Chapter 1, ‘Milton’s Cambridge Greek’, consists of two sections: ‘Protestant Hellenism at Milton’s Cambridge: A Case Study of James Duport’s Greek Paraphrase of the Book of Job, Threnothriambos (1637)’ and ‘Greek and the “Lady of Christ’s College”: Latin–Greek Code-Switching in Milton ‘Prolusion VI’’. Chapter 2, ‘Milton Among the Hellenists in England and Italy’ considers the role that Greek played in Milton’s correspondence and poetic exchanges with Charles Diodati and Lucas Holstenius; it also considers the nature of Milton’s own Hellenic research at libraries in Rome and Florence during his travels in Italy from 1638–39. Chapter 3 considers the political and polemical roles that Greek texts played for Milton from the mid-1640s to 1660 and consists of three sections: ‘Marshall’s Ignorant Hand: Milton’s Greek Epigram and the 1645 Poems Frontispiece and the First Edition of Langbaine’s Longinus (1636)’; ‘O Soul of Sir John Cheek: Milton and the Legacy of Sixteenth-Century Greek Humanism’; and ‘John Milton, Leonard Philaras, and Early Modern Advocacy for Greece’s Liberation from the Ottoman Empire’. The final, fourth chapter explores the influence of Greek texts—ranging from the Homeric epics and the fragmentary Epic Cycle through to Byzantine and Early Modern Greek texts—upon Milton’s design of Books 1 and 2 of Paradise Lost

    The Chapel Island Formation of Newfoundland (Canada) revisited: integrating ichnologic and sedimentologic datasets to unravel early metazoan evolution

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    The Chapel Island Formation (CIF) is a 1000+ m-thick, mainly siliciclastic succession that is well exposed along the coastline of Burin Peninsula, southeastern Newfoundland, eastern Canada. The CIF contains an outstanding record of latest Ediacaran-early Cambrian trace fossils with some intervals rich in small shelly fossils, and in 1992 the Fortune Head section was ratified by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) as the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Cambrian System. This was the first system-level GSSP defined primarily on the basis of trace fossils, a decision that evoked considerable discussion among the geological community. This thesis represents the first modern study of the sedimentology and the first taxonomic appraisal of the trace fossils since the original studies that proposed the GSSP in the 1980’s. More than 1700 m of CIF strata were logged in the sea cliffs of Burin Peninsula at Fortune Head, Fortune North, Grand Bank Head, Lewin’s Cove, Little Dantzic Cove, and Point May. A revision of the sedimentology permitted the description and interpretation of fourteen sedimentary facies composing five facies association (FA), which are interpreted to be deposited in: (1) mud-flat, mixed-flat, sand-flat, and tide-dominated or -influenced embayments (FA-A); (2) middle and lower shoreface (FA-B); (3) offshore transition, upper offshore, and lower offshore (FA-C); (4) shelf (stricto sensu) (FA-D); and (5) carbonate subtidal and intertidal environments (FA-E). An extensive trace-fossil dataset was built from careful field observations and provided a comprehensive record of bioturbation intensity (1596 data points on vertical bioturbation, 1481 data points on bedding plane bioturbation) and of trace-fossil metrics (3162 data points on burrow width, 1473 data points on burrow depth). In addition, a comprehensive revision of the trace-fossil composition (3508 trace fossils identified) allowed the description of twenty-eight ichnogenera and fifty-one ichnospecies, which correspond to cf. Allocotichnus dyeri, Archaeonassa fossulata, Arenicolites aff. carbonaria, Arenicolites isp., Bergaueria perata, B. cf. radiata, Circulichnis ligusticus, C. montanus, Cochlichnus anguineus, C. luguanensis, Conichnus conicus, Cruziana problematica, Curvolithus multiplex, C. simplex, Curvolithus isp., Dendroidichnites aff. irregulare, Didymaulichnus miettensis, Dimorphichnus isp. A, Dimorphichnus isp. B, cf. Dimorphichnus isp., ?Diplocraterion isp., Gordia marina, Gyrolithes gyratus, G. scintillus, Halopoa imbricata, Helminthoidichnites tenuis, Helminthopsis abeli, H. hieroglyphica, H. tenuis, Monomorphichnus bilinearis, M. lineatus, M. needleiunm, Monomorphichnus isp., Palaeophycus annulatus, P. tubularis, Palaeophycus isp., Psammichnites gigas circularis, P. cf. saltensis, Rosselia socialis, Rusophycus avalonensis, Rusophycus isp. A, Rusophycus isp. B, Saerichnites kutscheri comb. nov., Teichichnus rectus, Torrowangea rosei, Treptichnus bifurcus, T. coronatum, T. pedum, T. pollardi, Trichichnus linearis, and Trichichnus isp. Sectioning and polishing of 47 lithic samples from throughout the CIF showed that the sediment mixed layer that characterizes modern oceans developed through a series of steps that took place in the early Cambrian rather than in the Silurian as previously advocated. The main evolutionary innovations took place in the offshore environment with three paleoecologic stages that comprised: (1) an Ediacaran matground ecology, with surficial and very shallow infaunal grazing organisms living on and within microbially bound seafloors; (2) a Fortunian matground/firmground ecology, with a burst in behavioural and anatomical innovations and the first evidence of colonization of the shallow-tier; and (3) a late Fortunian/Cambrian Age 2 mixground ecology, with the development of a shallow mixed layer and deeper discrete burrows of the transition layer. Evaluation of outcrop quality based on accessibility, lateral and vertical continuity of beds, stratigraphic completeness, and type of exposure, demonstrated that Fortune Head, Fortune North, Grand Bank Head, and Little Dantzic Cove represented the best suited section to perform trace-fossil analyses, whereas Lewin’s Cove and Point May suffered from exposure biases affecting their trace-fossil records. The Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary interval was also studied in detail at Fortune Head, Grand Bank Head, Lewin’s Cove, and Point May, and the base of the Cambrian was placed confidently at the first appearance of trace fossils of the Treptichnus pedum Ichno-Assemblage Zone. This study demonstrates that only through detailed, comprehensive, and integrative approaches, can research provide new empirical evidence that further unfold our understanding of the history of animal life on Earth

    Fungal diversity notes 1512-1610: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa

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    This article is the 14th in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein we report 98 taxa distributed in two phyla, seven classes, 26 orders and 50 families which are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were collected from Australia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, China, Cyprus, Egypt, France, French Guiana, India, Indonesia, Italy, Laos, Mexico, Russia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. There are 59 new taxa, 39 new hosts and new geographical distributions with one new combination. The 59 new species comprise Angustimassarina kunmingense, Asterina lopi, Asterina brigadeirensis, Bartalinia bidenticola, Bartalinia caryotae, Buellia pruinocalcarea, Coltricia insularis, Colletotrichum flexuosum, Colletotrichum thasutense, Coniochaeta caraganae, Coniothyrium yuccicola, Dematipyriforma aquatic, Dematipyriforma globispora, Dematipyriforma nilotica, Distoseptispora bambusicola, Fulvifomes jawadhuvensis, Fulvifomes malaiyanurensis, Fulvifomes thiruvannamalaiensis, Fusarium purpurea, Gerronema atrovirens, Gerronema flavum, Gerronema keralense, Gerronema kuruvense, Grammothele taiwanensis, Hongkongmyces changchunensis, Hypoxylon inaequale, Kirschsteiniothelia acutisporum, Kirschsteiniothelia crustaceum, Kirschsteiniothelia extensum, Kirschsteiniothelia septemseptatum, Kirschsteiniothelia spatiosum, Lecanora immersocalcarea, Lepiota subthailandica, Lindgomyces guizhouensis, Marthe asmius pallidoaurantiacus, Marasmius tangerinus, Neovaginatispora mangiferae, Pararamichloridium aquisubtropicum, Pestalotiopsis piraubensis, Phacidium chinaum, Phaeoisaria goiasensis, Phaeoseptum thailandicum, Pleurothecium aquisubtropicum, Pseudocercospora vernoniae, Pyrenophora verruculosa, Rhachomyces cruralis, Rhachomyces hyperommae, Rhachomyces magrinii, Rhachomyces platyprosophi, Rhizomarasmius cunninghamietorum, Skeletocutis cangshanensis, Skeletocutis subchrysella, Sporisorium anadelphiae-leptocomae, Tetraploa dashaoensis, Tomentella exiguelata, Tomentella fuscoaraneosa, Tricholomopsis lechatii, Vaginatispora flavispora and Wetmoreana blastidiocalcarea. The new combination is Torula sundara. The 39 new records on hosts and geographical distribution comprise Apiospora guiyangensis, Aplosporella artocarpi, Ascochyta medicaginicola, Astrocystis bambusicola, Athelia rolfsii, Bambusicola bambusae, Bipolaris luttrellii, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Chlorophyllum squamulosum, Colletotrichum aeschynomenes, Colletotrichum pandanicola, Coprinopsis cinerea, Corylicola italica, Curvularia alcornii, Curvularia senegalensis, Diaporthe foeniculina, Diaporthe longicolla, Diaporthe phaseolorum, Diatrypella quercina, Fusarium brachygibbosum, Helicoma aquaticum, Lepiota metulispora, Lepiota pongduadensis, Lepiota subvenenata, Melanconiella meridionalis, Monotosporella erecta, Nodulosphaeria digitalis, Palmiascoma gregariascomum, Periconia byssoides, Periconia cortaderiae, Pleopunctum ellipsoideum, Psilocybe keralensis, Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium dehoogii, Scedosporium marina, Spegazzinia deightonii, Torula fici, Wiesneriomyces laurinus and Xylaria venosula. All these taxa are supported by morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses. This article allows the researchers to publish fungal collections which are important for future studies. An updated, accurate and timely report of fungus-host and fungus-geography is important. We also provide an updated list of fungal taxa published in the previous fungal diversity notes. In this list, erroneous taxa and synonyms are marked and corrected accordingly

    The book of Qohelet. A digital scholarly edition of the hebrew text

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    The objective of the present dissertation is a born-digital critical edition of the Hebrew Old Testament book of Qohelet. The edition is based on an extensive collation of variant readings from indirect sources – the Septuagint, the Peshitta, the works of St. Jerome (the Vulgate and the Commentary), and the Targum – as well as from direct sources such as the Qumran fragments and Hebrew medieval manuscripts. The ultimate goal of the edition is (a) to reproduce the earliest textual form, the Archetype, that can be reconstructed on the basis of the available evidence; and (b) to propose a rehabilitation of the Original of the Author by resorting, when necessary, to conjectural emendation. We date the Archetype to the II century BCE, corresponding to the date of Hebrew fragments from Qumran, while we place the Original between the V and III centuries BCE. Unlike previous critical editions of Qohelet, ours follows the so-called eclectic model, which involves the reconstitution of a critical text and the preparation of an apparatus of secondary variants. Our edition includes, moreover, new data, taken both from primary literature, such as the recently published Göttingen Septuagint, and from up-to-date studies and critical commentaries on the text of Qohelet. The work is made up of five main parts: an introduction, which sets forth the rationale of the edition and the methodology adopted; the collation, where the variants are listed in their original language; the commentary, where they are extensively discussed; the critical text accompanied by the apparatus, which presents a selection of authentic Hebrew variants taken from the collation; and finally, a translation of the critical text. The edition uses the mark-up language of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). It is realized in pdf, via LaTeX, and will be available in digital form, via the TEI-Publisher editor

    Bioprospecção de fungos produtores de biosurfactantes e desenvolvimento de bioprocessos aplicados à micorremediação de solos contaminados com hidrocarbonetos

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    Environmental contamination by hydrocarbons and toxic metals is a global problem that harms all living beings. Fungi are biological resources in bioprocesses development that may be used in environmental remediation due to their ability to interact and/or produce metabolites that favor interacting with the contaminant, e.g., biosurfactants. This work aimed to explore fungal bioprocesses and bioproducts for environmental remediation and industrial applications and begin biosurfactant production development by filamentous fungi. In this context, technicalscientific advances in developing fungal bioproducts for remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic metals were reviewed, as well as the main classes of biosurfactants and the bioprocessing of fungal biosurfactants from the isolation of strains to their formulation into commercial products. A culture collection of 58 fungi isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soils (REMA/UFSC) was created. Strains were identified as Fusarium (n= 40), Penicillium (n= 8), Paecilomyces (n= 4), Scolecobasidium (n= 1), Scopulariopsis (n= 1) and Ilyonectria (n= 1), using morphological characteristics and/or ITS region sequencing. These isolates and other strains from contaminated soils (n = 7), Antarctic soils (n = 46), and mangrove plant endophytes (n = 7) were bioprospecting for biosurfactant production by drop collapse test, emulsification index, and tensiometry. These tests revealed the potential of Aspergillus sp. SC21P3, Fusarium sp. AF99PD, Thelebolus sp. SC29P3, Paecilomyces sp. AF45D and Ilyonectria sp. AF25D for drop collapse (>4 mm), and except the last two for tensiometry. The use of yeast extract (Medium X and Y) or NaNO3 (Medium N) at concentrations of 0.5 g•L -1 (Medium X) and 5 g•L - 1 (Medium Y and N) together with glucose (20 g•L -1 ) and soybean oil (0.5%) influenced the surface activity of biosurfactants, as well as the kinetic profile of this production. In 168h, the N medium composition promoted the highest surface tension reduction using inoculum Trichoderma sp. P05R2 (26.9 mN•m-1 ) and RASC1B10122 (42.3 mN•m-1 ), Pseudogymnoascus sp. SC23P3 (36.2 mN•m-1 ), Penicillium sp. SCUV02.P1(33.1 mN•m-1 ), P10R6 (27 mN•m-1 ), AF38D (40.1 mN•m-1 ) and AF41D (40.8 mN•m-1 ) and Curvularia sp. ILRR1A20047 (37.7 mN•m-1 ), while medium X for Buergenerula spartinae (40.6 mN•m-1). The results presented in this study comprehensively show the potential of fungi in environmental remediation and/or use in industrial bioprocesses, as well as reveal that bioprospecting led to the discovery of previously undescribed strains for biosurfactant production.A contaminação ambiental por hidrocarbonetos e metais tóxicos é um problema global que acarreta danos a todos seres vivos. Os fungos são recursos biológicos no desenvolvimento de bioprocessos voltados a remediação ambiental, devido sua capacidade de interagir e/ou produzir metabólitos que favorecem a interação com o contaminante como, por exemplo, os biosurfactantes. Este trabalho objetivou explorar os bioprocessos e bioprodutos fúngicos para remediação ambiental e aplicações industriais, bem como iniciar o desenvolvimento de produção de biosurfactantes por fungos filamentosos. Neste contexto, os avanços técnicos-científicos no desenvolvimento de bioprodutos fúngicos para remediação de hidrocarbonetos de petróleo e metais tóxicos foram revisados, bem como as principais classes de biosurfactantes e o bioprocessamento de biosurfactantes fúngicos desde o isolamento de linhagens até a sua formulação em produtos comerciais. Uma coleção de culturas de 58 fungos isolados de solos contaminados com hidrocarbonetos (REMA/UFSC) foi criada, e linhagens foram identificados como Fusarium (n= 40), Penicillium (n= 8), Paecilomyces (n= 4), Scolecobasidium (n= 1), Scopulariopsis (n= 1) e Ilyonectria (n= 1), usando características morfológicas e/ou sequenciamento da região ITS. Estes isolados e outros de solos contaminados (n = 7), solos antárticos (n= 46) e endofíticos de plantas de mangue (n = 7) foram bioprospectados para produção de biosurfactantes por meio do teste colapso da gota, índice de emulsificação e tensiometria. Estes testes revelaram o potencial de Aspergillus sp. SC21P3, Fusarium sp. AF99PD, Thelebolus sp. SC29P3, Paecilomyces sp. AF45D e Ilyonectria sp. AF25D para o colapso da gota (>4 mm), exceto as duas últimas para tensiometria. O uso de extrato de levedura (Meio X e Y) ou NaNO3 (Meio N) nas concentrações de 0.5 g•L-1(Meio X) e 5 g•L-1(Meio Y e N) juntamente com glicose (20 g•L-1) e óleo de soja (0,5%) influenciou na atividade de superfície dos biosurfactantes, bem como o perfil cinético desta produção. Em 168h, a composição do meio N promoveu as maiores reduções da tensão superficial usando como inóculos as linhagens Trichoderma sp. P05R2 (26,9 mN•m-1) e RASC1B10122 (42,3 mN•m-1), Pseudogymnoascus sp. SC23P3 (36,2 mN•m-1), Penicillium sp. SCUV02.P1(33,1 mN•m-1), P10R6 (27 mN•m-1), AF38D (40,1 mN•m-1) e AF41D (40,8 mN•m1) e Curvularia sp. ILRR1A20047 (37,7 mN•m-1), enquanto em meio X para Buergenerula spartinae (40,6 mN•m-1 ). Os resultados apresentados neste estudo mostram abrangentemente o potencial de fungos em remediação ambiental e/ou uso em bioprocessos industriais; bem como revela que a bioprospecção tem permitido a descobertas de linhagens anteriormente não descritas para produção de biosurfactantes

    Snapshot of the Research Publications from the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 2019-2022

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    This report provides a snapshot of the research publications for the Department of Biological Sciences for a four-year period. It includes tables identifying the types of publications, the research collaboration between faculty and students (graduates and undergraduates); the JCR ranking of the journals in which they published and a listing of their publications, etc

    Healing Grief: A Commentary on Seneca's Consolatio ad Marciam

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    Both our view of Seneca’s philosophical thought and our approach to the ancient consolatory genre have radically changed since the latest commentary on the Consolatio ad Marciam was written in 1981. The aim of this work is to offer a new book-length commentary on the earliest of Seneca’s extant writings, along with a revision of the Latin text and a reassessment of Seneca’s intellectual program, strategies, and context. A crucial document to penetrate Seneca’s discourse on the self in its embryonic stages, the Ad Marciam is here taken seriously as an engaging attempt to direct the persuasive power of literary models and rhetorical devices toward the fundamentally moral project of healing Marcia’s grief and correcting her cognitive distortions. Through close reading of the Latin text, this commentary shows that Seneca invariably adapts different traditions and voices – from Greek consolations to Plato’s dialogues, from the Roman discourse of gender and exemplarity to epic poetry – to a Stoic framework, so as to give his reader a lucid understanding of the limits of the self and the ineluctability of natural laws
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