33 research outputs found
On-line Signature Verification based on Pen Inclination and Pressure Information
In this paper, the features that have personal characteristic using pen inclination and pressure information are discussed. Forging a pen inclination and pressure information is difficult because it is not visible. Four features using invisible information are proposed and their characteristics are discussed. Proposed features calculated by physical vector analysis are verified by SVC2004 database using DP matching algorithm. As a result, the new feature named Down improves the recognition rate and reliability. Average of correct verification rate is 94.57 % and variance is 0.667.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i4.47
Incorporating signature verification on handheld devices with user-dependent Hidden Markov Models
Proceedings of the International Conference on Frontiers in Hadwriting Recognition (ICFHR 2008)A dynamic signature verification system based on Hidden
Markov Models is presented. For each user model,
the number of states and Gaussian mixtures of the Hidden
Markov Model is automatically set in order to optimize
the verification performance. By introducing this userdependent
structure in the statistical modeling of signatures,
the system error rate is significantly decreased in
the challenging scenario of dynamic signature verification
on handheld devices. Experimental results are given on a
subset of the recently acquired BIOSECURE multimodal
database, using signatures captured with a PDAThis work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education under project TEC2006-13141-C03-03
DWT Domain On-line Signature Verification Using Pen-movement Vector
We examine a pen-movement vector parameter to reduce the computational complexity in the on-line signature verification method based on DiscreteWavelet Transform (DWT) and adaptive signal processing. The pen-movement vector is a time-varying signal which is derived from pen-position parameters and is decomposed into sub-band signals by using the DWT. Individual features are extracted as high frequency components in sub-bands. Verification is achieved in each sub-band by using the adaptive signal processing. Total decision for verification is done by combining multiple verification results. Experimental results show that the verification rate using the pen-movement vector parameter is equivalent to that of our conventional method which utilizes the pen-position parameter although computational complexity is reduced to half of that of the conventional method
DWT Domain Multi-matcher On-line Signature Verification System
This paper presents a multi-matcher on-line signature verification system which fuses the verification scores in pen-position parameter and pen-movement angle parameter at decision level. Features of pen-position and pen-movement angle are extracted by the sub-band decomposition using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). In the pen-position, high frequency sub-band signals are considered as individual features to enhance the difference between a genuine signature and its forgery. On the other hand, low frequency sub-band signals are utilized as the features for suppressing the intra-class variation in the penmovement angle. Verification is achieved by the adaptive signal processing using the extracted features. Verification scores in the pen-position and the pen-movement angle are integrated by using a weighted sum rule to make total decision. Experimental results show that fusion of pen-position and pen-movement angle can improve verification performance
Validation of dynamic signature for identity verification
Machine based identity validation is extremely important to determine the authenticity of documents, for financial transactions, and for e-communication. Recent explosion of frauds have demonstrated the ineffectiveness of password, personal identification numbers and biometrics. This thesis presents a signature verification technique which is inexpensive, user friendly, robust against impostors and is reliable, and insensitive to factors such as users’ exposure to emotional stimuli. This work has addressed three important issues which are: • The selection of appropriate features for dynamic and static signatures. • The suitable classifier for classification of the features. • The impact of emotional stimuli on the natural handwriting and signatures of the subjects. The thesis reports a comparison of the dynamic and static signatures and demonstrates that while the dynamic signature technique has a small increase in the rejection of the authentic user (92% compared with 94%), the system is far more discerning regarding the acceptance of the impostors (1% compared with 21%). The work also demonstrates that the use of ’unknown’ as a class reduces the rejection to zero, by putting those into a class who would be asked to repeat the experiment. This thesis has also studied the impact of emotional stimuli on peoples’ handwriting and signatures and has determined that while the signatures are insensitive to these stimuli, the handwriting is affected by these stimuli. This outcome may be of importance for people who conduct graphology analysis on people because this suggests that while general handwriting is affected by short term emotional changes of people, signatures are a more robust indicator of the person and hence their personality
Handwriting Biometrics: Applications and Future Trends in e-Security and e-Health
Online handwritten analysis presents many applications in e-security, signature biometrics being the most popular but not the only one. Handwriting analysis also has an important set of applications in e-health. Both kinds of applications (e-security and e-health) have some unsolved questions and relations among them that should be addressed in the next years. We summarize the state of the art and applications based on handwriting signals. Later on, we focus on the main achievements and challenges that should be addressed by the scientific community, providing a guide for future research. Among all the points discussed in this article, we remark the importance of considering security, health, and metadata from a joint perspective. This is especially critical due to the risks inherent when using these behavioral signals
Verificaciónn de firma y gráficos manuscritos: Características discriminantes y nuevos escenarios de aplicación biométrica
Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Escuela Politécnica Superior, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica y de las Comunicaciones. Fecha de lectura: Febrero 2015The proliferation of handheld devices such as smartphones and tablets brings a new
scenario for biometric authentication, and in particular to automatic signature verification.
Research on signature verification has been traditionally carried out using signatures acquired
on digitizing tablets or Tablet-PCs.
This PhD Thesis addresses the problem of user authentication on handled devices using
handwritten signatures and graphical passwords based on free-form doodles, as well as the effects
of biometric aging on signatures. The Thesis pretends to analyze: (i) which are the effects
of mobile conditions on signature and doodle verification, (ii) which are the most distinctive
features in mobile conditions, extracted from the pen or fingertip trajectory, (iii) how do different
similarity computation (i.e. matching) algorithms behave with signatures and graphical
passwords captured on mobile conditions, and (iv) what is the impact of aging on signature
features and verification performance.
Two novel datasets have been presented in this Thesis. A database containing free-form
graphical passwords drawn with the fingertip on a smartphone is described. It is the first publicly
available graphical password database to the extent of our knowledge. A dataset containing
signatures from users captured over a period 15 months is also presented, aimed towards the
study of biometric aging.
State-of-the-art local and global matching algorithms are used, namely Hidden Markov Models,
Gaussian Mixture Models, Dynamic Time Warping and distance-based classifiers. A large
proportion of features presented in the research literature is considered in this Thesis.
The experimental contribution of this Thesis is divided in three main topics: signature verification
on handheld devices, the effects of aging on signature verification, and free-form graphical
password-based authentication. First, regarding signature verification in mobile conditions, we
use a database captured both on a handheld device and digitizing tablet in an office-like scenario.
We analyze the discriminative power of both global and local features using discriminant analysis
and feature selection techniques. The effects of the lack of pen-up trajectories on handheld
devices (when the stylus tip is not in contact with the screen) are also studied.
We then analyze the effects of biometric aging on the signature trait. Using three different
matching algorithms, Hidden Markov Models (HMM), Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), and
distance-based classifiers, the impact in verification performance is studied. We also study
the effects of aging on individual users and individual signature features. Template update
techniques are analyzed as a way of mitigating the negative impact of aging.
Regarding graphical passwords, the DooDB graphical password database is first presented.
A statistical analysis is performed comparing the database samples (free-form doodles and simplified
signatures) with handwritten signatures. The sample variability (inter-user, intra-user
and inter-session) is also analyzed, as well as the learning curve for each kind of trait. Benchmark
results are also reported using state of the art classifiers.
Graphical password verification is afterwards studied using features and matching algorithms
from the signature verification state of the art. Feature selection is also performed and the
resulting feature sets are analyzed.
The main contributions of this work can be summarized as follows. A thorough analysis of
individual feature performance has been carried out, both for global and local features and on
signatures acquired using pen tablets and handheld devices. We have found which individual
features are the most robust and which have very low discriminative potential (pen inclination
and pressure among others). It has been found that feature selection increases verification
performance dramatically, from example from ERRs (Equal Error Rates) over 30% using all
available local features, in the case of handheld devices and skilled forgeries, to rates below 20%
after feature selection. We study the impact of the lack of trajectory information when the pen
tip is not in contact with the acquisition device surface (which happens when touchscreens are
used for signature acquisitions), and we have found that the lack of pen-up trajectories negatively
affects verification performance. As an example, the EER for the local system increases from
9.3% to 12.1% against skilled forgeries when pen-up trajectories are not available.
We study the effects of biometric aging on signature verification and study a number of ways
to compensate the observed performance degradation. It is found that aging does not affect
equally all the users in the database and that features related to signature dynamics are more
degraded than static features. Comparing the performance using test signatures from the first
months with the last months, a variable effect of aging on the EER against random forgeries is
observed in the three systems that are evaluated, from 0.0% to 0.5% in the DTW system, from
1.0% to 5.0% in the distance-based system using global features, and from 3.2% to 27.8% in the
HMM system.
A new graphical password database has been acquired and made publicly available. Verification
algorithms for finger-drawn graphical passwords and simplified signatures are compared
and feature analysis is performed. We have found that inter-session variability has a highly
negative impact on verification performance, but this can be mitigated performing feature selection
and applying fusion of different matchers. It has also been found that some feature types
are prevalent in the optimal feature vectors and that classifiers have a very different behavior
against skilled and random forgeries. An EER of 3.4% and 22.1% against random and skilled
forgeries is obtained for free-form doodles, which is a promising performance