1,246 research outputs found

    Atoms of None of the Elements Ionize While Atoms of Inert Behavior Split by Photonic Current

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    As studied, atoms deal with the positive or negative charge by losing or gaining an electron. However, the gaseous and solid atoms can execute interstate electron dynamics. They can also deal with transition states. Solid atoms can elongate from the east-west poles at the ground surface level. Under suitable energy, solid atoms can expand, and gaseous atoms can contract. When the excessive field is intact, flowing inert gas atoms can split. The splitting inert gas atoms convert into electron streams. Those electron streams carrying the photons when impinging on the naturally-elongated solid atoms, further elongation of the atoms takes place. If not, elongated atoms at least deform. Gaseous atoms can squeeze by the suffering of their lattices. Such behaviors of the atoms validate that they cannot ionize. On splitting the flowing inert gas atoms, characteristics of the photons become apparent. Those photons that are not carried by the electron streams can enter the air medium directly. On traveling photons in the air medium, their energy dissipates in heat, and their force confines in the form of a field. On confinement of the field of traveling photons with the field of air-medium, a glow of light is appeared, which is better known in plasma. The splitting of inert gas atoms, the carrying of photons by the electron streams, and the lighting of traveling photons validate that an electric current is photonic. In various microscopes, the magnification of an image is based on the resolving power of photons. Photonic current is due to the propagation of the photons in the structure of the interstate electron gap. Some well-known principles are also discussed, validating that an electric current is a photonic current. Indeed, this study brings about profound changes in science

    Nanoantenna-Microcavity Hybrids with Highly Cooperative Plasmonic-Photonic Coupling

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    Nanoantennas offer the ultimate spatial control over light by concentrating optical energy well below the diffraction limit, whereas their quality factor (Q) is constrained by large radiative and dissipative losses. Dielectric microcavities, on the other hand, are capable of generating a high Q-factor through an extended photon storage time but have a diffraction-limited optical mode volume. Here we bridge the two worlds, by studying an exemplary hybrid system integrating plasmonic gold nanorods acting as nanoantennas with an on-resonance dielectric photonic crystal (PC) slab acting as a low-loss microcavity and, more importantly, by synergistically combining their advantages to produce a much stronger local field enhancement than that of the separate entities. To achieve this synergy between the two polar opposite types of nanophotonic resonant elements, we show that it is crucial to coordinate both the dissipative loss of the nanoantenna and the Q-factor of the low-loss cavity. In comparison to the antenna-cavity coupling approach using a Fabry-Perot resonator, which has proved successful for resonant amplification of the antenna's local field intensity, we theoretically and experimentally show that coupling to a modest-Q PC guided resonance can produce a greater amplification by at least an order of magnitude. The synergistic nanoantenna-microcavity hybrid strategy opens new opportunities for further enhancing nanoscale light-matter interactions to benefit numerous areas such as nonlinear optics, nanolasers, plasmonic hot carrier technology, and surface-enhanced Raman and infrared absorption spectroscopies.Comment: Revised version after acceptanc

    Compact and low power consumption tunable photonic crystal nanobeam cavity

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    A proof-of-concept for a new and entirely CMOS compatible tunable nanobeam cavity is demonstrated in this paper. Preliminary results show that a compact nanobeam cavity (~20 ÎĽm^2) with high Q-factor (~50,000) and integrated with a micro-heater atop, is able of tuning the resonant wavelength up to 15 nm with low power consumption (0.35nm/mW), and of attaining high modulation depth with only ~100 ÎĽW. Additionally, a tunable bi-stable behavior is reported

    Harnessing optical micro-combs for microwave photonics

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    In the past decade, optical frequency combs generated by high-Q micro-resonators, or micro-combs, which feature compact device footprints, high energy efficiency, and high-repetition-rates in broad optical bandwidths, have led to a revolution in a wide range of fields including metrology, mode-locked lasers, telecommunications, RF photonics, spectroscopy, sensing, and quantum optics. Among these, an application that has attracted great interest is the use of micro-combs for RF photonics, where they offer enhanced functionalities as well as reduced size and power consumption over other approaches. This article reviews the recent advances in this emerging field. We provide an overview of the main achievements that have been obtained to date, and highlight the strong potential of micro-combs for RF photonics applications. We also discuss some of the open challenges and limitations that need to be met for practical applications.Comment: 32 Pages, 13 Figures, 172 Reference
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