Deteksi Objek Berbahaya Dan Pemodelan 3d Jaringan Kelistrikan Menggunakan Teknologi Lidar Studi Kasus: Koridor Jaringan Kelistrikan Di Kabupaten Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia

Nowadays in modern era, electric energy has been primary needed in our daily activities.Transmission powerline is important part to transmit electricity in powerline system. The safety of powerline infrastructure significantly affects to our everyday life and industrial activities. There are many factors and objects to threaten powerline safety, which includes encroaching vegetation, surrounding trees, surrounding building, structural faults of insulator, tower and so on. A timely and accurate monitoring of those keys, powerlines features enables to prevent causing possible dangerous situation such as blackout.At present, most of utility firms such as PT.PLN heavily relies on men-centric and manual powerline monitoring methods which are time consuming and costly, moreover hazardous. Recently, airborne LiDAR system was introduced as a cost effective data acquisition tool which enables to rapidly capture 3D powerline scene with up to 30 points/m2. This study aims at 3D reconstruction workflow for powerline extracted from airborne LiDAR data of 150 kV transmission line corridors (2000 m by 600 m) in Gowa, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia.The proposed workflow consists of three components: detection, extraction, and modelling. The powerlines are automatically detected with regular geometric shape using a set of algorithms, including Vertical Spacing Filtering and density-based filtering. The complete powerlines are then extracted using Hough Transform method. Finally, the 3D powerline are reconstructed to evaluate the proposed workflow for danger objects detection according to SNI 04-6918-2002 about the Indonesian standard rule for minimum distance in horizontal and vertical space in the powerline corridor. The results obtained demonstrate that powerlines can be reconstructed in 3D, which are useful in detection of danger objects to support powerline corridor management

Application of ethernet over powerline communication

Powerline communication (PLC) has seen notable demand due to its efficiency and the wide range of applications. It is a system for carrying data on a conductor that is also used for electric power transmission. In this thesis, this technique is used to implement a web server using the FPGA development board (DE 2). The information is sent through Ethernet over powerline. Using DE2 Altera kit, a webserver is created. The implementation of web server is done by first instantiating a Nios II system on the board. Nios II system is built around the Altera’s Nios II processor using the SOPC builder tool of the quartus II CAD tool. The SOPC builder tool generates the VHDL code of the defined system. The developed code is, then, configured in the FPGA board to instantiate the system. After implementing the Nios II system, an application program is run in the system to implement the web server. Ethernet packets are sent through the LAN cable over powerline. The output is taken from the Ethernet port and the fed into the Homeplug adapter. The packets are captured using wireshark packet sniffer and detailed analysis is done. This idea can be used for transmitting Ethernet packets over powerline using Homplug adapters

VALIDITY OF THE POWERLINE BOAT INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM

The PowerLine Boat Instrumentation System3 is comprised of instrumented oarlocks capable of measuring pin forces in the direction of boat travel and oarlock angles. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the force and angle data from the PowerLine Boat Instrumentation System in a laboratory setting. Data were collected with the sculling oarlocks affixed to a horizontally aligned, stabilised wing rigger. For force analysis, signals were collected at 50 Hz from both the PowerLine system and a 1 kN load cell4 during 10 repetitions at a rate of approximately 30 repetitions per minute. For angular analysis, whilst recording with PowerLine, oarlocks were repositioned for a minimum of two seconds at known angles in a random order using an inclinometer accurate to one tenth of a degree over a range of -80° to +60°, in 20° increments. Linear regression analysis through the origin was used to compare the PowerLine values with known values from the load cell and the inclinometer. Laboratory testing proved the force and angle sensors to be valid throughout the testing range (0 N to 554.8 + 20.4 N, and -80° to +60° respectively) when fully functioning. The PowerLine Boat Instrumentation System appears to be appropriate for measuring biomechanical variables in an elite sculling programme. On-water reliability testing is still required to fully evaluate their application in quantifying the effect of interventions made to technique or boat set-up

The effects of oar-shaft stiffness and length on rowing biomechanics

This work investigates the effects of oar-shaft stiffness and length on rowing biomechanics. The mechanical properties of the oar-shafts were examined using an end-loaded cantilever system, and theoretical relations were proposed between the mechanics of the oar-shafts and rowing performance. On-water experiments were subsequently conducted and rowing biomechanics measured via the PowerLine Rowing Instrumentation System. The PowerLine system measures force and oar angle on the oarlock, as well as proper boat acceleration. The convergent validity and test-retest reliability of the PowerLine force measurements were determined prior to the on-water experiments. Thereafter, rowers were tested over a set distance using oar-shafts of different stiffness and length. There were slight differences in the biomechanics between rowing with the different oar configurations. However, the measured differences in the biomechanical parameters were on the same order of magnitude as the rower’s inter-stroke inconsistencies

Design and Analysis of OFDM System for Powerline Based Communication

Research on digital communication systems has been greatly developed in the past few years and offers a high quality of transmission in both wired and wireless communication environments. Coupled with advances in new modulation techniques, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a well-known digital multicarrier communication technique and one of the best methods of digital data transmission over a limited bandwidth [1]. In this paper, design and analysis of OFDM system for powerline based communication is proposed. In doing so, MATLAB and embedded Digital Signal Processing (DSP) systems are used to simulate the operation of virtual transmitter and receiver. The performance of the system design is then analysed by adding noise (additive white Gaussian noise, Powerline coloured background noise and Middleton Class A noise) in an attempt to corrupt the signal. In this paper results will show that performance is improved by using lower order modulation formats e.g. Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), QPSK, etc. compared to the higher modulation schemes e.g. 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM); as they offer lower data rates but are more robust in the presence of noise. The performance study of OFDM scheme is also examined with and without presence of noise and application of forward error correction (FEC)

X-10 Based Outdoor Light Automation System

For "X-10 based Outdoor Light Automation" system the powerline is used as a medium of signal transmitting. There are two parts of the system: Receiver and Sender. Both parts should be plugged in to the sockets anywhere in the house, and each of them has a PIC16F877 to send, generate, receive signals and execute the appropriate instruction. It is already being widely practiced and used in the North America where they use 110V (60Hz), while the powerline standard in South East Asia is 240V (50Hz). The modular methodology is used to develop the system. This paper describes the process of developing "X-10 based Outdoor Light Automation" system using the 240V (60Hz) powerline as a medium of signal transmission and 5bits of data will be tested to switch on/off the device rather than 11bits that are used by existing X-10 communication protocol. Fewer bits in a message means that the transmission will be faster, fewer appliances will be controlled and less control functions would be used

Performance Analysis of Discrete Wavelet Multitone Transceiver for Narrowband PLC in Smart Grid

Smart Grid is an abstract idea, which involves the utilization of powerlines for sensing, measurement, control and communication for efficient utilization and distribution of energy, as well as automation of meter reading, load management and capillary control of Green Energy resources connected to the grid. Powerline Communication (PLC) has assumed a new role in the Smart Grid scenario, adopting the narrowband PLC (NB-PLC) for a low cost and low data rate communication for applications such as, automatic meter reading, dynamic management of load, etc. In this paper, we have proposed and simulated a discrete wavelet multitone (DWMT) transceiver in the presence of impulse noise for the NB-PLC channel applications in Smart Grid. The simulation results show that a DWMT transceiver outperforms a DFT-DMT with reference to the bit error rate (BER) performance

Energy Network Communications and Expandable Control Mechanisms

A modular, expandable network requiring little or no calibration is something that is well sought after and would offer great benefits when used for distributed energy generation. Intelligent and adaptive control of such a network offers stability of supply from intermittent sources which, to date, has been hard to achieve. Key to the effective use of such control systems is communications, specifically the exchange of commands and status information between the control systems and the attached devices. Power-line communications has been used in various applications for years and would offer a good mechanism for interconnecting devices on a power grid without the expense of laying new cabling. By using clusters of devices managed by an IEMS (Intelligent Energy Management System) in a branching network fashion (not unlike the grid itself) it would be possible to manage large numbers of devices and high speed with relatively low bandwidth usage increasing the usable range of transmission. Implications of this include improving network efficiency through managed power distribution and increased security of supply