25 research outputs found
Stable Bilateral Teleoperation Control Method for Biped Robots with Time-Varying Delays
This document proposes a control scheme applied to delayed bilateral teleoperation of the forward and turn speed of a biped robot against asymmetric and time-varying delays. This biped robot is modeled as a hybrid dynamic system because it behaves as a continuous system when the leg moves forward and discrete when the foot touches the ground generating an impulsive response. It is proposed to vary online the damping according to the time delay present in the communication channel, and the walking cycle time using an optimization criterion, to decrease the teleoperation system errors. To accomplish this, a three-phase cascade calibration process is used, and their benefits are evidenced in a comparative simulation study. The first phase is an offline calibration of the inverse dynamic compensation and also the parameters of the bilateral controller. The second phase guarantees the bilateral coordination of the delayed teleoperation system, using the Lyapunov–Krasovskii stability theory, by changing the leader damping and the equivalent follower damping together. The third phase assures a stable walk of the hybrid dynamics by controlling the walking cycle time and the real damping to move the eigenvalues of the Poincaré map, numerically computed, to stable limit cycles and link this result with an equivalent continuous system to join both phases. Additionally, a fictitious force was implemented to detect and avoid possible collisions with obstacles. Finally, an intercontinental teleoperation experiment of an NAO robot via the Internet including force and visual feedback is shown
From walking to running: robust and 3D humanoid gait generation via MPC
Humanoid robots are platforms that can succeed in tasks conceived for humans. From locomotion in unstructured environments, to driving cars, or working in industrial plants,
these robots have a potential that is yet to be disclosed in systematic every-day-life applications. Such a perspective, however, is opposed by the need of solving complex
engineering problems under the hardware and software point of view. In this thesis, we focus on the software side of the problem, and in particular on locomotion control. The operativity of a legged humanoid is subordinate to its capability of realizing a reliable locomotion. In many settings, perturbations may undermine the balance and make the robot fall. Moreover, complex and dynamic motions might be required by the context, as for instance it could be needed to start running or climbing stairs to achieve a certain location in the shortest time. We present gait generation schemes based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) that tackle both the problem of robustness and tridimensional dynamic motions. The proposed control schemes adopt the typical paradigm of centroidal MPC for reference motion generation, enforcing dynamic balance through the Zero Moment Point condition, plus a whole-body controller that maps the generated trajectories to joint commands. Each of the described predictive controllers also feature a so-called stability constraint, preventing the generation of diverging Center of Mass trajectories with respect to the Zero Moment Point. Robustness is addressed by modeling the humanoid as a Linear Inverted Pendulum and devising two types of strategies. For persistent perturbations, a way to use a disturbance observer and a technique for constraint tightening (to ensure robust constraint satisfaction) are presented. In the case of impulsive pushes instead, techniques for footstep and timing adaptation are introduced. The underlying approach is to interpret robustness as a MPC feasibility problem, thus aiming at ensuring the existence of a solution for the constrained optimization problem to be solved at each iteration in spite of the perturbations. This perspective allows to devise simple solutions to complex problems, favoring a reliable real-time implementation.
For the tridimensional locomotion, on the other hand, the humanoid is modeled as a Variable Height Inverted Pendulum. Based on it, a two stage MPC is introduced with particular emphasis on the implementation of the stability constraint. The overall result is a gait generation scheme that allows the robot to overcome relatively complex
environments constituted by a non-flat terrain, with also the capability of realizing running gaits. The proposed methods are validated in different settings: from conceptual simulations in Matlab to validations in the DART dynamic environment, up to experimental tests on the NAO and the OP3 platforms
Manipulador aéreo con brazos antropomórficos de articulaciones flexibles
[Resumen] Este artÃculo presenta el primer robot manipulador aéreo con dos brazos antropomórficos diseñado para aplicarse en tareas de inspección y mantenimiento en entornos industriales de difÃcil acceso para operarios humanos. El robot consiste en una plataforma aérea multirrotor equipada con dos brazos antropomórficos ultraligeros, asà como el sistema de control integrado de la plataforma y los brazos. Una de las principales caracterÃsticas del manipulador es la flexibilidad mecánica proporcionada en todas las articulaciones, lo que aumenta la seguridad en las interacciones fÃsicas con el entorno y la protección del propio robot. Para ello se ha introducido un compacto y simple mecanismo de transmisión por muelle entre el eje del servo y el enlace de salida. La estructura en aluminio de los brazos ha sido cuidadosamente diseñada de forma que los actuadores estén aislados frente a cargas radiales y axiales que los puedan dañar. El manipulador desarrollado ha sido validado a través de experimentos en base fija y en pruebas de vuelo en exteriores.Ministerio de EconomÃa y Competitividad; DPI2014-5983-C2-1-
Optimisation de la navigation robotique
La robotique mobile autonome est un axe de recherche qui vise à donner à une machine la capacité de se mouvoir dans un environnement sans assistance ni intervention humaine. Cette thèse s’intéresse à la partie décisionnelle de la navigation robotique à savoir la planification de mouvement pour un robot mobile non-holonome, pour lequel, la prise en compte des contraintes cinématiques et non-holonomes est primordiale. Aussi, la nécessité de considérer la géométrie propre du robot et la bonne maîtrise de l’environnement dans lequel il évolue constituent des contraintes à assurer. En effet la planification de mouvement consiste à calculer un mouvement réalisable que doit accomplir le robot entre une position initiale et une position finale données. Selon la nature de l’environnement, notamment les obstacles qui s’y présentent, deux instances du problème se distinguent : la planification de chemin et la planification de trajectoire. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer de nouveaux algorithmes pour contribuer aux deux instances du problème de planification de mouvement. La méthodologie suivie repose sur des solutions génériques qui s’appliquent à une classe de systèmes robotiques plutôt qu’à une architecture particulière. Les approches proposées intègrent les B-splines Rationnelles non uniformes (NURBS) dans le processus de modélisation des solutions générées tout en s’appuyant sur la propriété de contrôle local, et utilisent les algorithmes génétiques pour une meilleure exploration de l’espace de recherche
Survey of Robot 3D Path Planning Algorithms
Robot 3D (three-dimension) path planning targets for finding an optimal and collision-free path in a 3D workspace while taking into account kinematic constraints (including geometric, physical, and temporal constraints). The purpose of path planning, unlike motion planning which must be taken into consideration of dynamics, is to find a kinematically optimal path with the least time as well as model the environment completely. We discuss the fundamentals of these most successful robot 3D path planning algorithms which have been developed in recent years and concentrate on universally applicable algorithms which can be implemented in aerial robots, ground robots, and underwater robots. This paper classifies all the methods into five categories based on their exploring mechanisms and proposes a category, called multifusion based algorithms. For all these algorithms, they are analyzed from a time efficiency and implementable area perspective. Furthermore a comprehensive applicable analysis for each kind of method is presented after considering their merits and weaknesses
Memorias del V Congreso Latinoamericano de AgroecologÃa - SOCLA : Trabajos cientÃficos y relatos de experiencias: la agroecologÃa, un nuevo paradigma para redefinir la investigación, la educación y la extensión para una agricultura sustentable
Este libro reúne los resúmenes de trabajos cientÃficos y relatos de experiencias presentados en el V Congreso Latinoamericano de AgroecologÃa, organizado por la Sociedad CientÃfica Latinoamericana de AgroecologÃa, que tuvo lugar en la ciudad de La Plata, Argentina, del 7 al 9 de Octubre del 2015. Los trabajos y experiencias abordan diferentes lÃneas temáticas del amplio campo de la AgroecologÃa y tienen como objetivos: a) contribuir a la difusión de los avances en investigación agroecológica en Latinoamérica, b) promover la discusión y propuestas para el mejoramiento de la soberanÃa alimentaria y estrategias frente al cambio climático en la región, c) fomentar el intercambio e integración de conocimientos entre investigadores, técnicos, productores, campesinos y la sociedad civil, d) promover la enseñanza, investigación e innovaciones en AgroecologÃa en la comunidad cientÃfica internacional.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales (FCAF