Developments in Stochastic Fuel Efficient Cruise Control and Constrained Control with Applications to Aircraft.

This dissertation presents contributions to fuel-efficient control of vehicle speed and constrained control with applications to aircraft. In the first part of this dissertation a stochastic approach to fuel-efficient vehicle speed control is developed. This approach encompasses stochastic modeling of road grade and traffic speed and uses the application of stochastic dynamic programming to generate vehicle speed control policies that are optimized for the trade-off between fuel consumption and travel time. It is shown that the policies lead to the emergence of time-varying vehicle speed patterns, often referred to as pulse and glide (PnG). Through simulations and experiments it is confirmed that these time-varying vehicle speed profiles are more fuel-efficient than driving at a comparable constant speed. A practical implementation strategy of these patterns is then developed and demonstrated. Also, several additional contributions are made to approaches for stochastic modeling of road grade and vehicle speed that include the use of Kullback-Liebler divergence and divergence rate and a stochastic jump-like model for the behavior of the road grade. In the second part of the dissertation, contributions to constrained control with applications to aircraft are described. Recoverable sets and integral safe sets of initial states of constrained closed-loop systems are introduced first and computational procedures of such sets based on linear discrete-time models are given. An approach to constrained flight planning based on chaining recoverable sets or integral safe sets is described and illustrated with a simulation example. Finally, two control schemes that exploit integral safe sets are proposed. The first scheme, referred to as the controller state governor (CSG), resets the controller state (typically an integrator) to enforce the constraints and enlarge the set of plant states that can be recovered without constraint violation. The second scheme, referred to as the controller state and reference governor (CSRG), combines the controller state governor with the reference governor control architecture and provides the capability of simultaneously modifying the reference command and the controller state to enforce the constraints. Theoretical results that characterize the response properties of both schemes are presented. Examples are reported that illustrate the operation of these schemes.PhDAerospace EngineeringUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111399/1/kevinmcd_1.pd

Fast reference governors for systems with state and control constraints and disturbance inputs

Reference governors are applied to closed-loop tracking systems that are linear and discrete time and have constraints on state and control variables. Earlier results are extended in significant ways. Disturbance inputs, whose values belong to a specified set, are allowed and a general class of reference governors is introduced. Each governor in the class guarantees constraint satisfaction for all reference and disturbance inputs. Moreover, if the reference input is ultimately confined to a neighbourhood of a constraint-admissible constant input, the eventual action of the reference governor reduces to a unit delay. By appropriately selecting reference governors from the allowed class it is possible to simplify significantly their implementation. The increase in on-line speed of operation overcomes prior limits on the practical application of reference governors. Algorithmic procedures are described which facilitate design of the reference governors. Several examples are presented. They illustrate the design process and the excellence of response to large inputs. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/35139/1/447_ftp.pd

Manajemen Pengelolaan Dana Bagi Hasil Cukai Hasil Tembakau Di Kabupaten Kudus

Kudus regency as one of the biggest cigarette\u27s tax producing in Indonesia. Based on that statement, so Kudus regency government arrange policy of governor\u27s rule No 4 2013 about guidelines for the management funds for tax results and tobacco\u27s result in Kudus regency. With the presence of its management, it is expected can help to decrease amount of destitution, unemployment, and increase economic development in Kudus Regency. The purpose of this study is to know how the system of management and how management of guidelines for the management funds for tax results and tobacco\u27s result in Kudus regency. Which to answer about the purpose and problems in this study is by using governor\u27s policy No 4 2013 as reference of management system and management theory by George R Terry in describing guidelines for the management funds for tax results and tobacco\u27s result in Kudus regency. The method used in this study is qualitative method by the study\u27s object are BAPPEDA, SEKDA and Dinas Perinkop and UMKM as SKPD of guidelines for the management funds for tax results and tobacco\u27s result in Kudus regency. The result of this study showed that in the implementation based on governor\u27s policy No 4 2013. In program that is funded by guidelines for the management funds for tax results and tobacco\u27s result both physical and non-physical give big effect to mid- low economy\u27s public in Kudus regency. In its implementation is still met problem, so that the result is far of the target. The problem is like limitedness of human resource in several SKPD. This case can be seen from the activity that is not spread all over yet in Kudus regency and the performance accomplishment that is not spread all over carried out yet

Fixed-Point Constrained Model Predictive Control of Spacecraft Attitude

The paper develops a Model Predictive Controller for constrained control of spacecraft attitude with reaction wheel actuators. The controller exploits a special formulation of the cost with the reference governor like term, a low complexity addition of integral action to guarantee offset-free tracking of attitude set points, and an online optimization algorithm for the solution of the Quadratic Programming problem which is tailored to run in fixed-point arithmetic. Simulations on a nonlinear spacecraft model demonstrate that the MPC controller achieves good tracking performance while satisfying reaction wheel torque constraints. The controller also has low computational complexity and is suitable for implementation in spacecrafts with fixed-point processors

Water Management System Based On Zero Run Off Policy In Multi Unit Area (Case Study Of Menara Asuransi Astra In Cilandak, South Jakarta, Indonesia)

Water management system is an effort of planning, management, control, and supervision of runoff water that is structured and integrated in an area according with the policies. In Governor Regulation of Jakarta Capital City Administration No. 43 of 2013 on the Peil of Building Floor Licence, it is explained that the implementation of the zero Delta Q principle is to keep the runoff remain in the area up to 100% or to drain the water out of the region up to zero percent or zero runoff. In this regard, this research is expected to develop a concept of a regional water system implementation which compares the hydrological analysis method with related regulatory methods, to obtain a technical policy that can be applied in order to meet the regional regulations based on the zero delta Q or zero runoff concept for all to be developed areas in Jakarta by taking case study of South Jakarta area as a pilot project. The method used is to compare the Governor Regulation of Jakarta as the reference in zero run off calculation with the Indonesian National Standard Regulation (SNI) No. 03 2453 2002 on the Procedure of Planning Technique of Rainwater Recharge wells for Grounds using hydrological and hydraulics analysis. The conclusion is the calculation by hydrological analysis in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard Regulation (SNI) No. 03 2453 2002 on the Procedure of Planning Technique of Rainwater Recharge wells for Grounds becomes the chosen method, because it has a more detailed result and zero runoff concept can be met, so the runoff at the study site did not increase the load of Grogol River

Hydro/Battery Hybrid Systems for frequency regulation

An innovative Hydro/Battery Hybrid System (HBHS), composed of a hydropower plant (HPP) and a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is proposed to provide frequency regulation services in the Nordic Power System (NPS). The HBHS is envisioned to have a faster and more efficient response compared to HPPs currently providing these services, whilst retaining their high energy capacity and endurance, thus alleviating stand-alone BESS operation constraints. This Thesis aims to explore the operation and optimization of such a hybrid system in order to make it efficient and economically viable. A power plant perspective is employed, evaluating the impact different control algorithms and parameters have on the HBHS performance. Providing Frequency Containment Reserves for Normal Operation (FCR-N), to the national TSO in Sweden, is defined from technology and market analyses as the use case for the HBHS. The characteristics of HPPs suitable for HBHS implementation are found theoretically, by evaluating HPP operational constraints and regulation mechanisms. With the aim of evaluating the dynamic performance of the proposed HBHS, a frequency regulation model of the NPS is built in MATLAB and Simulink. Two different HBHS architectures are introduced, the Hydro Recharge, in which the BESS is regulating the frequency and the HPP is controlling its state of charge (SoC), and the Frequency Split, in which both elements are regulating the frequency with the HPP additionally compensating for the SoC. The dynamic performance of the units is qualitatively evaluated through existing and proposed FCR-N prequalification tests, prescribed by the TSO and ENTSO-E. Quantitative performance comparison to a benchmark HPP is performed with regards to the estimated HPP regulation wear and tear and BESS degradation during 30-day operation with historical frequency data. The two proposed HBHS architectures demonstrate significant reductions of estimated HPP wear and tear compared to the benchmark unit. Simulations consistently report a 90 % reduction in the number of movements HPP regulation mechanism performs and a more than 50 % decrease in the distance it travels. The BESS lifetime is evaluated at acceptable levels and compared for different architectures. Two different applications are identified, the first being installing the HBHS to enable the HPP to pass FCR-N prequalification tests. The second application is increasing the FCR-N capacity of the HPP by installing the HBHS. The Frequency Split HBHS shows more efficient performance when installed in the first application, as opposed to the Hydro Recharge HBHS, which shows better performance in the second application. Finally, it is concluded that a large-scale implementation of HBHSs would improve the frequency quality in the NPS, linearly decreasing the amount of time outside the normal frequency band with increasing the total installed HBHS power capacity

Executive Orders: Promoting Democracy and Openness in New York State Government

This joint report outlines 11 executive actions Gov. Andrew Cuomo can take to open up New York State government, increase the accountability of state agencies and reduce barriers to voting. The orders are centered on the basic goal of empowering the citizenry with more and better information about what its government is doing, and how it is spending tax payer dollars