104,135 research outputs found
Industrial cluster formation in European regions. U.S. cluster templates and Austrian evidence.
The paper will be organized in the following manner. We first provide a concise review of how industrial trade clusters were developed from available I/O coefficients (see box), including how regional industrial data may be embedded within their "templates". Second, we will review the steps taken, using available industrial concordances, that permit regional data from other advanced national industrial systems to be embedded within these templates. Third, we will illustrate the results of applying the U.S. template for the motor vehicle industrial trade cluster to regions in both Austria and North Carolina over 5-10 year time periods. Finally, we will offer some speculative observations about what the results may indicate about regional cluster development in these two regions. (authors' abstract, ed. M.Putz)Series: SRE - Discussion Paper
Determining the Distribution Route Using the Clustered Generalised Vehicle Routing Problem Model and Dijkstra's Algorithm
Distributions and logistics processes are the essential element activities integral to the industrial sector, one of them is the distribution of LPG 3 kg. The most common issue that occurs in the distribution process is determining the vehicle routes which are often called Vehicle Routing Problems. PT Amalia Yusri is one of the distributor agents of LPG 3 kg in Banda Aceh and also had the same issue to determine the distribution routes. The Clustered Generalized Vehicle Routing Problem model is used to determine the optimal distribution route on the vertex destinations that have been grouped. Based on the number of requests and vehicle capacity, the grouping and formation of clusters are divided into two days and split into five groups. The first day consists of group 1 and group 2; while on the second day are group 3, group 4, and group 5. The method that is used to optimise distribution distance is Dijkstra Algorithm. From the application of the CGVRP model and Dijkstra Algorithm obtained a total distance for group 1 is 25.582 m, group 2 is 24.650 m, group 3 is 39.350 m, group 4 is 27.500 m, and group 5 is 38.500 m
Probabilistic Description of Traffic Breakdowns
We analyze the characteristic features of traffic breakdown. To describe this
phenomenon we apply to the probabilistic model regarding the jam emergence as
the formation of a large car cluster on highway. In these terms the breakdown
occurs through the formation of a certain critical nucleus in the metastable
vehicle flow, which enables us to confine ourselves to one cluster model. We
assume that, first, the growth of the car cluster is governed by attachment of
cars to the cluster whose rate is mainly determined by the mean headway
distance between the car in the vehicle flow and, may be, also by the headway
distance in the cluster. Second, the cluster dissolution is determined by the
car escape from the cluster whose rate depends on the cluster size directly.
The latter is justified using the available experimental data for the
correlation properties of the synchronized mode. We write the appropriate
master equation converted then into the Fokker-Plank equation for the cluster
distribution function and analyze the formation of the critical car cluster due
to the climb over a certain potential barrier. The further cluster growth
irreversibly gives rise to the jam formation. Numerical estimates of the
obtained characteristics and the experimental data of the traffic breakdown are
compared. In particular, we draw a conclusion that the characteristic intrinsic
time scale of the breakdown phenomenon should be about one minute and explain
the case why the traffic volume interval inside which traffic breakdown is
observed is sufficiently wide.Comment: RevTeX 4, 14 pages, 10 figure
Anisotropic effect on two-dimensional cellular automaton traffic flow with periodic and open boundaries
By the use of computer simulations we investigate, in the cellular automaton
of two-dimensional traffic flow, the anisotropic effect of the probabilities of
the change of the move directions of cars, from up to right () and from
right to up (), on the dynamical jamming transition and velocities
under the periodic boundary conditions in one hand and the phase diagram under
the open boundary conditions in the other hand. However, in the former case,
the first order jamming transition disappears when the cars alter their
directions of move ( and/or ). In the open boundary
conditions, it is found that the first order line transition between jamming
and moving phases is curved. Hence, by increasing the anisotropy, the moving
phase region expand as well as the contraction of the jamming phase one.
Moreover, in the isotropic case, and when each car changes its direction of
move every time steps (), the transition from the jamming
phase (or moving phase) to the maximal current one is of first order.
Furthermore, the density profile decays, in the maximal current phase, with an
exponent .}Comment: 13 pages, 22 figure
A criterion for condensation in kinetically constrained one-dimensional transport models
We study condensation in one-dimensional transport models with a kinetic
constraint. The kinetic constraint results in clustering of immobile vehicles;
these clusters can grow to macroscopic condensates, indicating the onset of
dynamic phase separation between free flowing and arrested traffic. We
investigate analytically the conditions under which this occurs, and derive a
necessary and sufficient criterion for phase separation. This criterion is
applied to the well-known Nagel-Schreckenberg model of traffic flow to
analytically investigate the existence of dynamic condensates. We find that
true condensates occur only when acceleration out of jammed traffic happens in
a single time step, in the limit of strong overbraking. Our predictions are
further verified with simulation results on the growth of arrested clusters.
These results provide analytic understanding of dynamic arrest and dynamic
phase separation in one-dimensional traffic and transport models
Order parameter model for unstable multilane traffic flow
We discuss a phenomenological approach to the description of unstable vehicle
motion on multilane highways that explains in a simple way the observed
sequence of the phase transitions "free flow -> synchronized motion -> jam" as
well as the hysteresis in the transition "free flow synchronized motion".
We introduce a new variable called order parameter that accounts for possible
correlations in the vehicle motion at different lanes. So, it is principally
due to the "many-body" effects in the car interaction, which enables us to
regard it as an additional independent state variable of traffic flow. Basing
on the latest experimental data (cond-mat/9905216) we assume that these
correlations are due to a small group of "fast" drivers. Taking into account
the general properties of the driver behavior we write the governing equation
for the order parameter. In this context we analyze the instability of
homogeneous traffic flow manifesting itself in both of the mentioned above
phase transitions where, in addition, the transition "synchronized motion ->
jam" also exhibits a similar hysteresis. Besides, the jam is characterized by
the vehicle flows at different lanes being independent of one another. We
specify a certain simplified model in order to study the general features of
the car cluster self-formation under the phase transition "free flow
synchronized motion". In particular, we show that the main local parameters of
the developed cluster are determined by the state characteristics of vehicle
motion only.Comment: REVTeX 3.1, 10 pages with 10 PostScript figure
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