Construction and Transformation of HVA1 Gene Expression Vector Into Indonesian Elite Rice Varieties

Of drought in rice. HVA1 is one of the Late EmbryogenesisAbundant (LEA) protein group that plays a role on cellprotection during stresses. A study was done with anobjective to construct a plasmid vector expressing HVA1 andto transform it into Indonesian elite rice varieties. Materialsused in the study were plasmid pBY520 (source of HVA1;intermediate plasmid pRP9; plasmid pAY560326(backbone); restriction enzymes BamHI, HindIII, XhoI, andSpeI; T4 DNA ligase, and gel DNA extraction kit. Methodsused were standard procedure for plasmid vectorconstruction and molecular biology. Step I: the pBY520 andpRP9 were cut with BamHI and HindIII, and electrophoratedwith 1% agarose gel. DNA fragments of HVA1 and pRP9 werepurified, ligated with T4 DNA ligase, and transformed intoEscherichia coli DH5-α by heat shock. E. coli were grownonto solid medium (+ kanamycin 100 mg/l). A new plasmidDNA was isolated from single colony culture of the bacteria,confirmed, and named pRP9_HVA1. Step II: DNA ofpRP9_HVA1 and pAY560326 were cut with XhoI dan SpeIenzymes, purified, and ligated. The next procedure wassimilar to step I, and the resulted plasmid was confirmed byPCR and digestion with XhoI dan SpeI enzymes, and namedpAY_HVA1. Step III: pAY_HVA1 was first transformed intoAgrobacterium EHA-105 and then into rive varieties Ciherangand Inpari 6 using the early infection of scutellumtransformation method. Nine transgenic rice lines thatpositively contain HVA1 were obtained

Human Trafficking in Europe: An Economic Perspective

Based on a document originally prepared for the Eleventh Economic Forum of the Organization for Economic Security and Cooperation in Europe, held in Prague between 20-23 May 2003. Attempts to comprehend and document human trafficking’s underlying economic dimensions, and places the concerns of trafficking within broader migration analysis (including the role of irregular migration). It also comments on the financial flows involved in trafficking, and on the different patterns of financing trafficking services. Further, it contains a brief review of the evidence, as to the extent to which organized crime is involved in human trafficking

The Social Construction of a Concept- Orthorexia Nervosa: Morality Narratives and Psycho-politics

Our article explores orthorexia nervosa (ON) – an extreme fixation with healthy eating- from a social construction perspective. Interviews with people self-identified as “obsessed” with healthy eating or having ON (“Identifiers”) and non-medical professionals working with ON (“Professionals”) were comparatively analyzed, along with orthorexia threads from an eating disorder website (“Posters”). Participants made sense of and rationalized their attitudes and feelings concerning healthy eating and aligned themselves according to their interests. Identifiers and Posters applauded “healthy eating” and regarded consumption of “impure” foods as leading to ill-health. Some framed their dietary discipline within an ethically motivated lifestyle, others were preoccupied with appearance or weight management. Professionals expressed concern for, and disapproval of, extreme views and behaviors in clients and parental and social influences supporting them. Debates surrounding orthorexic practices are tangled; some individuals need help, yet dangers lie in over medicalising or “troubling” what may be a preferred lifestyle