Congestion management techniques for disruption-tolerant satellite networks

Delay and disruption-tolerant networks are becoming an appealing solution for extending Internet boundaries toward challenged environments where end-to-end connectivity cannot be guaranteed. In particular, satellite networks can take advantage of a priori trajectory estimations of nodes to make efficient routing decisions. Despite this knowledge is already used in routing schemes such as contact graph routing, it might derive in congestion problems because of capacity overbooking of forthcoming connections (contacts). In this work, we initially extend contact graph routing to provide enhanced congestion mitigation capabilities by taking advantage of the local traffic information available at each node. However, since satellite networks data generation is generally managed by a mission operation center, a global view of the traffic can also be exploited to further improve the latter scheme. As a result, we present a novel strategy to avoid congestion in predictable delay- and disruption-tolerant network systems by means of individual contact plans. Finally, we evaluate and compare the performance improvement of these mechanisms in a typical low Earth orbit satellite constellation.Fil: Madoery, Pablo Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Estudios Avanzados en Ingeniería y Tecnología. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Avanzados en Ingeniería y Tecnología; ArgentinaFil: Fraire, Juan Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Estudios Avanzados en Ingeniería y Tecnología. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Avanzados en Ingeniería y Tecnología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Finochietto, Jorge Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Estudios Avanzados en Ingeniería y Tecnología. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Avanzados en Ingeniería y Tecnología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentin

Battery-aware contact plan design for LEO satellite constellations: The ulloriaq case study

Power demands of communication technologies between LEO small-satellites are difficult to counterbalance by solar infeed and on-board battery storage, due to size and weight limitations. This makes the problem of battery-powered intersatellite communication a very difficult one. Its management requires a profound understanding as well as techniques for a proper extrapolation of the electric power budget as part of the inter-satellite and satellite-to-ground communication design. We discuss how the construction of contact plans in delay tolerant networking can profit from a sophisticated model of the on-board battery behavior. This model accounts for both nonlinearities in battery behavior as well as stochastic fluctuations in charge, so as to control the risk of battery depletion. We take an hypothetical Ulloriaq constellation based on the GOMX–4 satellites from GomSpace as a reference for our studies.Fil: Fraire, Juan Andres. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universitat Saarland; AlemaniaFil: Nies, Gilles. Universitat Saarland; AlemaniaFil: Gerstacker, Carsten. Universitat Saarland; AlemaniaFil: Hermanns, Holger. Universitat Saarland; Alemania. Institute of Intelligent Software; ChinaFil: Bay, Kristian. GomSpace A/S; DinamarcaFil: Bisgaard, Morten. GomSpace A/S; Dinamarc

Routing in the Space Internet: A contact graph routing tutorial

A Space Internet is possible, as long as the delay and disruption challenges imposed by the space environment are properly tackled. Because these conditions are not well addressed by terrestrial Internet, more capable Delay-Tolerant Networking (DTN) protocols and algorithms are being developed. In particular, the principles and techniques for routing among ground elements and spacecraft in near-Earth orbit and deep-space are enacted in the Contact Graph Routing (CGR) framework. CGR blends a set of non-trivial algorithm adaptations, space operations concepts, time-dynamic scheduling, and specific graph models. The complexity of that framework suggests a need for a focused discussion to facilitate its direct and correct apprehension. To this end, we present an in-depth tutorial that collects and organizes first-hand experience on researching, developing, implementing, and standardizing CGR. Content is laid out in a structure that considers the planning, route search and management, and forwarding phases bridging ground and space domains. We rely on intuitive graphical examples, supporting code material, and references to flight-grade CGR implementations details where pertinent. We hope this tutorial will serve as a valuable resource for engineers and that researchers can also apply the insights presented here to topics in DTN research.Fil: Fraire, Juan Andres. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Argentina. Universitat Saarland; AlemaniaFil: De Jonckère, Olivier. Technische Universität Dresden; AlemaniaFil: Burleigh, Scott C.. California Institute of Technology; Estados Unido

Normalizing Novelty: Regulating Biotechnological Risk at the U.S. EPA

Drs. Levidow and Carr examine EPA\u27s regulation of biotechnology in the field of genetically modified organisms

Maximizing Routing Throughput with Applications to Delay Tolerant Networks

abstract: Many applications require efficient data routing and dissemination in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) in order to maximize the throughput of data in the network, such as providing healthcare to remote communities, and spreading related information in Mobile Social Networks (MSNs). In this thesis, the feasibility of using boats in the Amazon Delta Riverine region as data mule nodes is investigated and a robust data routing algorithm based on a fountain code approach is designed to ensure fast and timely data delivery considering unpredictable boat delays, break-downs, and high transmission failures. Then, the scenario of providing healthcare in Amazon Delta Region is extended to a general All-or-Nothing (Splittable) Multicommodity Flow (ANF) problem and a polynomial time constant approximation algorithm is designed for the maximum throughput routing problem based on a randomized rounding scheme with applications to DTNs. In an MSN, message content is closely related to users’ preferences, and can be used to significantly impact the performance of data dissemination. An interest- and content-based algorithm is developed where the contents of the messages, along with the network structural information are taken into consideration when making message relay decisions in order to maximize data throughput in an MSN. Extensive experiments show the effectiveness of the above proposed data dissemination algorithm by comparing it with state-of-the-art techniques.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation Computer Science 201

Modelos, Algoritmos y Protocolos para Redes de Comunicaciones Tolerantes a Interrupciones con Alto Grado de Predecibilidad

Tesis (DCI)--FCEFN-UNC, 2019La industria de las comunicaciones satelitales ha mostrado un avance limitado en las últimas décadas en comparación con la evolución de las redes terrestres tales como Internet. La razón principal consiste en que el entorno espacial es radicalmente diferente al terrestre, lo cual impacta considerablemente en la estabilidad de las conexiones y en el hecho de que los protocolos de comunicación utilizados en Tierra resulten inadecuados y/o ineficientes cuando se tratan de adaptar al espacio. Sin embargo, recientemente, y producto de un esfuerzo conjunto de diferentes agencias espaciales (NASA, ESA, CONAE, etc), se ha comenzado a estudiar y experimentar con estrategias de comunicaciones en red que son capaces de tolerar retardos e interrupciones mediante un cambio paradigmático en la forma de realizar dichas comunicaciones. En particular, se ha propuesto una arquitectura de protocolos llamada Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking (DTN), y que dada la predecibilidad de las trayectorias satelitales, permite aprovechar un plande contactos compuesto por las oportunidades de comunicación en el futuro, lo que permite a los satélites tomar decisiones eficientes sobre cómo y cuándo transmitir el tráfico generado o recibido desde otros satélites. En los últimos años, se han llevado a cabo numerosos avances en la implementación de DTN y se han realizado experimentos en órbita que avalan el potencial beneficio de esta arquitectura. Además, se ha estudiado el problema del diseño del plan de contactos que constituye el proceso de configurar y elegir apropiadamente las oportunidades de comunicación con el objetivo de optimizar el rendimiento y realizar una adecuada gestión de los limitados recursos que se disponen en este tipo de redes. Sin embargo, esta arquitectura se encuentra aún en una etapa de maduración y son numerosos los desafíos que deben ser superados. En particular, en esta tesis se pone el foco en el problema de la congestión que ocurre cuando la planificación referida a la utilización de los recursos no resulta apropiada. Básicamente, se proponen mecanismos que actúan, por un lado, sobre el algoritmo de enrutamiento ejecutado de manera distribuida por los satélites de la red, y por otro, sobre el diseño automático del plan de contactos. Adicionalmente, se realizan aportes referidos a los problemas de incertidumbre y de escalabilidad e integración de la red. De esta manera, en esta investigación contribuimos con enfoques originales en los que se aprovecha la predictibilidad de las comunicaciones satelitales para proveer mecanismos de gestión y toma de decisiones de manera automatizada, solucionando de esta forma problemas cuya complejidad aumenta drásticamente con la cantidad de satélites y tiempos de evaluación. Cabe destacar además, que si bien los aportes realizados pueden ser utilizados de forma general en la arquitectura DTN, los mismos encuentran aplicación dentro del Plan Espacial Argentino, ya que esta arquitectura resulta particularmente adecuada para ser aplicada en las nuevas misiones satelitales distribuidas que propone CONAE para la observación terrestre. Por lo tanto, los aportes brindados en esta tesis tienen alcance hacia protocolos desarrollados mediante colaboraciones internacionales y podrían además ser utilizados en nuestro país para resolver desafíos de interés local

Vehicular-Publish/Subscribe (V-P/S) communication enabled on-the-move EV charging management

Recently, the charging management for Electric Vehicles (EVs) on-the-move has become an emerging research problem in urban cities. Major technical challenges here involve intelligence for the selection of Charging Stations (CSs) to guide drivers’ charging plans, as well as the corresponding communication infrastructure for information dissemination between the power grid and EVs. In this article, a Vehicular- Publish/Subscribe (P/S) communication framework, in conjunction with Public Transportation Buses (PTBs) is provisioned to support on-the-move EV charging management. Benefiting from low privacy sensitivity, we propose a fully distributed charging management scheme concerning the driving intention. Results demonstrate a guidance for the provisioning of V P/Scommunication framework, concerning EV drivers’ experience including charging waiting time and total trip duration. Also, the benefit of V-P/S communication framework is reflected in terms of the communication efficiency. Open research issues of this emerging research area are also presented

Vehicular-Publish/Subscribe (V-P/S) communication enabled on-the-move EV charging management.

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Recently, the charging management for Electric Vehicles (EVs) on-the-move has become an emerging research problem in urban cities. Major technical challenges here involve intelligence for the selection of Charging Stations (CSs) to guide drivers’ charging plans, as well as the corresponding communication infrastructure for information dissemination between the power grid and EVs. In this article, a VehicularPublish/Subscribe (P/S) communication framework, in conjunction with Public Transportation Buses (PTBs) is provisioned to support on-the-move EV charging management. Benefiting from low privacy sensitivity, we propose a fully distributed charging management scheme concerning the driving intention. Results demonstrate a guidance for the provisioning of V-P/S communication framework, concerning EV drivers’ experience including charging waiting time and total trip duration. Also, the benefit of V-P/S communication framework is reflected in terms of the communication efficiency. Open research issues of this emerging research area are also presented.We would like to acknowledge the support of National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) No. 91438117, NSFC No. 91538202, and also the University of Surrey 5G Innovation Centre (5GIC) (http://www.surrey.ac.uk/5gic) members for this work