6 research outputs found

    Approches Neuronales pour la Reconstruction de Mots Historiques

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    In historical linguistics, cognates are words that descend in direct line from a common ancestor, called their proto-form, andtherefore are representative of their respective languages evolutions through time, as well as of the relations between theselanguages synchronically. As they reflect the phonetic history of the languages they belong to, they allow linguists to betterdetermine all manners of synchronic and diachronic linguistic relations (etymology, phylogeny, sound correspondences).Cognates of related languages tend to be linked through systematic phonetic correspondence patterns, which neuralnetworks could well learn to model, being especially good at learning latent patterns. In this dissertation, we seek tomethodically study the applicability of machine translation inspired neural networks to historical word prediction, relyingon the surface similarity of both tasks. We first create an artificial dataset inspired by the phonetic and phonotactic rules ofRomance languages, which allow us to vary task complexity and data size in a controlled environment, therefore identifyingif and under which conditions neural networks were applicable. We then extend our work to real datasets (after havingupdated an etymological database to gather a correct amount of data), study the transferability of our conclusions toreal data, then the applicability of a number of data augmentation techniques to the task, to try to mitigate low-resourcesituations. We finally investigat in more detail our best models, multilingual neural networks. We first confirm that, onthe surface, they seem to capture language relatedness information and phonetic similarity, confirming prior work. Wethen discover, by probing them, that the information they store is actually more complex: our multilingual models actuallyencode a phonetic language model, and learn enough latent historical information to allow decoders to reconstruct the(unseen) proto-form of the studied languages as well or better than bilingual models trained specifically on the task. Thislatent information is likely the explanation for the success of multilingual methods in the previous worksEn linguistique historique, les cognats sont des mots qui descendent en ligne directe d'un ancêtre commun, leur proto-forme, et qui sont ainsi représentatifs de l'évolution de leurs langues respectives à travers le temps. Comme ils portent eneux l'histoire phonétique des langues auxquelles ils appartiennent, ils permettent aux linguistes de mieux déterminer toutessortes de relations linguistiques synchroniques et diachroniques (étymologie, phylogénie, correspondances phonétiques).Les cognats de langues apparentées sont liés par des correspondances phonétiques systématiques. Les réseaux deneurones, particulièrement adaptés à l'apprentissage de motifs latents, semblent donc bien un bon outil pour modéliserces correspondances. Dans cette thèse, nous cherchons donc à étudier méthodiquement l'applicabilité de réseaux deneurones spécifiques (inspirés de la traduction automatique) à la `prédiction de mots historiques', en nous appuyantsur les similitudes entre ces deux tâches. Nous créons tout d'abord un jeu de données artificiel à partir des règlesphonétiques et phonotactiques des langues romanes, que nous utilisons pour étudier l'utilisation de nos réseaux ensituation controlée, et identifions ainsi sous quelles conditions les réseaux de neurones sont applicables à notre tâched'intérêt. Nous étendons ensuite notre travail à des données réelles (après avoir mis à jour une base étymologiquespour obtenir d'avantage de données), étudions si nos conclusions précédentes leur sont applicables, puis s'il est possibled'utiliser des techniques d'augmentation des données pour pallier aux manque de ressources de certaines situations.Enfin, nous analysons plus en détail nos meilleurs modèles, les réseaux neuronaux multilingues. Nous confirmons àpartir de leurs résultats bruts qu'ils semblent capturer des informations de parenté linguistique et de similarité phonétique,ce qui confirme des travaux antérieurs. Nous découvrons ensuite en les sondant (probing) que les informations qu'ilsstockent sont en fait plus complexes : nos modèles multilingues encodent en fait un modèle phonétique de la langue, etapprennent suffisamment d'informations diachroniques latentes pour permettre à des décodeurs de reconstruire la proto-forme (non vue) des langues étudiées aussi bien, voire mieux, que des modèles bilingues entraînés spécifiquement surcette tâche. Ces informations latentes expliquent probablement le succès des méthodes multilingues dans les travauxprécédents

    Proceedings of the 1st Doctoral Consortium at the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (DC-ECAI 2020)

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    1st Doctoral Consortium at the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (DC-ECAI 2020), 29-30 August, 2020 Santiago de Compostela, SpainThe DC-ECAI 2020 provides a unique opportunity for PhD students, who are close to finishing their doctorate research, to interact with experienced researchers in the field. Senior members of the community are assigned as mentors for each group of students based on the student’s research or similarity of research interests. The DC-ECAI 2020, which is held virtually this year, allows students from all over the world to present their research and discuss their ongoing research and career plans with their mentor, to do networking with other participants, and to receive training and mentoring about career planning and career option

    Explainable pattern modelling and summarization in sensor equipped smart homes of elderly

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    In the next several decades, the proportion of the elderly population is expected to increase significantly. This has led to various efforts to help live them independently for longer periods of time. Smart homes equipped with sensors provide a potential solution by capturing various behavioral and physiological patterns of the residents. In this work, we develop techniques to model and detect changes in these patterns. The focus is on methods that are explainable in nature and allow for generating natural language descriptions. We propose a comprehensive change description framework that can detect unusual changes in the sensor parameters and describe the data leading to those changes in natural language. An approach that models and detects variations in physiological and behavioral routines of the elderly forms one part of the change description framework. The second part comes from a natural language generation system in which we identify important health-relevant features from the sensor parameters. Throughout this dissertation, we validate the developed techniques using both synthetic and real data obtained from the homes of the elderly living in sensor-equipped facilities. Using multiple real data retrospective case studies, we show that our methods are able to detect variations in the sensor data that are correlated with important health events in the elderly as recorded in their Electronic Health Records.Includes bibliographical reference
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