Performance Study of Hybrid Spread Spectrum Techniques

This thesis focuses on the performance analysis of hybrid direct sequence/slow frequency hopping (DS/SFH) and hybrid direct sequence/fast frequency hopping (DS/FFH) systems under multi-user interference and Rayleigh fading. First, we analyze the performance of direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), slow frequency hopping (SFH) and fast frequency hopping (FFH) systems for varying processing gains under interference environment assuming equal bandwidth constraint with Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation and synchronous system. After thorough literature survey, we show that hybrid DS/FFH systems outperform both SFH and hybrid DS/SFH systems under Rayleigh fading and multi-user interference. Also, both hybrid DS/SFH and hybrid DS/FFH show performance improvement with increasing spreading factor and decreasing number of hopping frequencies

A General Framework for Analyzing, Characterizing, and Implementing Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded Signals

Fourth generation (4G) communications will support many capabilities while providing universal, high speed access. One potential enabler for these capabilities is software defined radio (SDR). When controlled by cognitive radio (CR) principles, the required waveform diversity is achieved via a synergistic union called CR-based SDR. Research is rapidly progressing in SDR hardware and software venues, but current CR-based SDR research lacks the theoretical foundation and analytic framework to permit efficient implementation. This limitation is addressed here by introducing a general framework for analyzing, characterizing, and implementing spectrally modulated, spectrally encoded (SMSE) signals within CR-based SDR architectures. Given orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a 4G candidate signal, OFDM-based signals are collectively classified as SMSE since modulation and encoding are spectrally applied. The proposed framework provides analytic commonality and unification of SMSE signals. Applicability is first shown for candidate 4G signals, and resultant analytic expressions agree with published results. Implementability is then demonstrated in multiple coexistence scenarios via modeling and simulation to reinforce practical utility

Modeling, Design And Fabrication Of Orthogonal And Psuedo-orthogonal Frequency Coded Saw Wireless Spread Spectrum Rfid Sensor Tags

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors offer a wireless, passive sensor solution for use in numerous environments where wired sensing can be expensive and infeasible. Single carrier frequency SAW sensor embodiments such as delay lines, and resonators have been used in single sensor environments where sensor identification is not a necessity. The orthogonal frequency coded (OFC) SAW sensor tag embodiment developed at UCF uses a spread spectrum approach that allows interrogation in a multi-sensor environment and provides simultaneous sensing and sensor identi- fication. The SAW device is encoded via proper design of multiple Bragg reflectors at differing frequencies. To enable accurate device design, a model to predict reflectivity over a wide range of electrode metallization ratios and metal thicknesses has been developed and implemented in a coupling of modes (COM) model. The high coupling coefficient, reflectivity and temperature coefficient of delay (TCD) of YZ LiNbO3 makes it an ideal substrate material for a temperature sensor, and the reflectivity model has been developed and verified for this substrate. A new concept of pseudo-orthogonal frequency coded (POFC) SAW sensor tags has been investigated, and with proper design, the POFC SAW reduces device insertion loss and fractional bandwidth compared to OFC. OFC and POFC sensor devices have been fabricated at 250 MHz and 915 MHz using fundamental operation, and 500 MHz and 1.6 GHz using second harmonic operation. Measured device results are shown and compared with the COM simulations using the iii enhanced reflectivity model. Additionally, the first OFC devices at 1.05 GHz were fabricated on 128o YX LiNbO3 to explore feasibility of the material for future use in OFC sensor applications. Devices at 915 MHz have been fabricated on YZ LiNbO3 and integrated with an antenna, and have then been used in a transceiver system built by Mnemonics, Inc. to wirelessly sense temperature. The first experimental wireless POFC SAW sensor device results and predictions will be presented

Frequency and time hopping PPM UWB multiple access communication scheme

In this paper we propose frequency and time hopping pulse position modulation (FTH-PPM) ultra wideband (UWB) for multiple access communications.We have derived and investigated the bit error probability for the multi-user synchronous transmitter case in multipath channels with Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). Simulation results show that bit error probability performance of FTH-PPM UWB out performs the time hopping pulse position modulated (TH-PPM) UWB system. It also show that multiuser capacity of FTH-PPM UWB system is much better than TH-PPM UWB system

Advanced satellite communication technology for oceanic air traffic control

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 69).by Edward H. Kim.M.Eng