Exploring Estonian e-government before, during, and beyond COVID-19

The outbreak of COVID-19 saw lockdowns imposed across the world, and traditionally in-person tasks and services shifted online. While this posed immense challenges in some governmental and institutional settings, in Estonia rigorous digital advancements dating back to the 1990s have made this learning curve markedly less steep, as many digital service provisions were widely available prior to the pandemic. This paper explores Estonia’s e-government solutions pre-dating, during, and beyond the pandemic. It will examine mechanisms – e-ID, X-Road, the information authority, state portal, and e-learning – that existed prior to the pandemic, and others – new e-services, fully online learning, and contact tracing applications – that have emerged in direct response to the pandemic. Finally, this paper will examine how elements of Estonian e-government can, and have been, adopted in international settings, considering how cybersecurity, regulation, and accessibility are closely intertwined with such dialogues surrounding e-government

What Ukraine Taught NATO about Hybrid Warfare

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 forced the United States and its NATO partners to be confronted with the impact of hybrid warfare far beyond the battlefield. Targeting Europe’s energy security, Russia’s malign influence campaigns and malicious cyber intrusions are affecting global gas prices, driving up food costs, disrupting supply chains and grids, and testing US and Allied military mobility. This study examines how hybrid warfare is being used by NATO’s adversaries, what vulnerabilities in energy security exist across the Alliance, and what mitigation strategies are available to the member states. Cyberattacks targeting the renewable energy landscape during Europe’s green transition are increasing, making it urgent that new tools are developed to protect these emerging technologies. No less significant are the cyber and information operations targeting energy security in Eastern Europe as it seeks to become independent from Russia. Economic coercion is being used against Western and Central Europe to stop gas from flowing. China’s malign investments in Southern and Mediterranean Europe are enabling Beijing to control several NATO member states’ critical energy infrastructure at a critical moment in the global balance of power. What Ukraine Taught NATO about Hybrid Warfare will be an important reference for NATO officials and US installations operating in the European theater.https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1952/thumbnail.jp

Public Innovation and Digital Transformation

Public innovation and digitalization are reshaping organizations and society in various ways and within multiple fields, as innovations are essential in transforming our world and addressing global sustainability and development challenges. This book addresses the fascinating relationship of these two contemporary topics and explores the role of digital transformation in promoting public innovation. This edited collection includes examples of innovations that emerge suddenly, practices for processing innovations, and the requirements for transformation from innovation to the ""new normal"". Acknowledging that public innovation refers to the development and realization of new and creative ideas that challenge conventional wisdom and disrupt the established practices within a specific context, expert contributions from international scholars explore and illustrate the various activities that are happening in the world of multiple digitalization opportunities. The content covers public administration, technical and business management, human, social, and future sciences, paying attention to the interaction between public and private sectors to utilize digitalization in order to facilitate public innovation. This timely book will be of interest to researchers, academics and students in the fields of technology and innovation management, as well as knowledge management, public service management and administration

Public Innovation and Digital Transformation

Public innovation and digitalization are reshaping organizations and society in various ways and within multiple fields, as innovations are essential in transforming our world and addressing global sustainability and development challenges. This book addresses the fascinating relationship of these two contemporary topics and explores the role of digital transformation in promoting public innovation. This edited collection includes examples of innovations that emerge suddenly, practices for processing innovations, and the requirements for transformation from innovation to the "new normal". Acknowledging that public innovation refers to the development and realization of new and creative ideas that challenge conventional wisdom and disrupt the established practices within a specific context, expert contributions from international scholars explore and illustrate the various activities that are happening in the world of multiple digitalization opportunities. The content covers public administration, technical and business management, human, social, and future sciences, paying attention to the interaction between public and private sectors to utilize digitalization in order to facilitate public innovation. This timely book will be of interest to researchers, academics and students in the fields of technology and innovation management, as well as knowledge management, public service management and administration.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

The State of the Electronic Identity Market: Technologies, Infrastructure, Services and Policies

Authenticating onto systems, connecting to mobile networks and providing identity data to access services is common ground for most EU citizens, however what is disruptive is that digital technologies fundamentally alter and upset the ways identity is managed, by people, companies and governments. Technological progress in cryptography, identity systems design, smart card design and mobile phone authentication have been developed as a convenient and reliable answer to the need for authentication. Yet, these advances ar enot sufficient to satisfy the needs across people's many spheres of activity: work, leisure, health, social activities nor have they been used to enable cross-border service implementation in the Single Digital Market, or to ensure trust in cross border eCommerce. The study findings assert that the potentially great added value of eID technologies in enabling the Digital Economy has not yet been fulfilled, and fresh efforts are needed to build identification and authentication systems that people can live with, trust and use. The study finds that usability, minimum disclosure and portability, essential features of future systems, are at the margin of the market and cross-country, cross-sector eID systems for business and public service are only in their infancy. This report joins up the dots, and provides significant exploratory evidence of the potential of eID for the Single Digital Market. A clear understanding of this market is crucial for policy action on identification and authentication, eSignature and interoperability.JRC.DDG.J.4-Information Societ

Eesti põllumajandusettevõtete bioenergia ja bio-toote tootmise kaarditamise analüüs: balticbiomass4value projekti juhtumiuuring

Master’s Thesis Agri-Food Business ManagementAchieving the global goals of climate change mitigation, food security, and sustainability in economic and environmental parameters has a lot to do with the key players like, farmers, and food producers, that their day-to-day activities and adherence to government and institutional policies plays a vital role. Their knowledge of these global, regional, and national goals is another part of the whole concern. This study assessed the knowledge base of Estonian farmers and food enterprises using a web-based survey sent through the farmers' database to find out what their current links to bio-resources are and what they intend to do in the future. The results show the following, Most farmers process manure (25%) , straw (17%) and feed (16%). Bio-resources are mainly used for fertilizer (55%) , compost (18%) and feed (12%). knowledge of the operational capabilities of transiting to bioeconomy is of more concern to the respondents. The number of employees does not affect the adoption of valorization of bio-products. The thesis can be useful in determining what interventions are needed to achieve a sustainable bioeconomy in different agricultural subsectors. The data collected can also be used to further analyze biomass concentrations by county and to help design appropriate policies to meet the needs of farmers and food businesses to reduce the negative externalities of their operations and improve their business performance.Kliimamuutuste, toiduga kindlustatuse ja jätkusuutlikkuse ülemaailmsete eesmärkide saavutamisel on palju pistmist võtmeisikute, põllumajandustootjate ja teiste ettevõtjatega, et nende igapäevane tegevus järgiks valitsuse poliitikat. Nende teadmised ülemaailmsetest, piirkondlikest ja riiklikest eesmärkidest on üks osa jätkusuutlikkusega seotus probleemidest. Käesolevas uuringus hinnati Eesti põllumajandustootjate ja toiduettevõtete biomajanduse alaseid teadmisi, kasutades selleks veebipõhist küsitlust, et teada saada, millised on põllumajandustootjate ja toiduettevõtete bioloogilised ressurssid ja mida nad kavatsevad tulevikus nendega teha. Tulemused näitavad järgmist Enamik põllumajandustootjaid töötleb sõnnikut (25%), põhku (17%) ja sööta (16%). Bioressursse kasutatakse peamiselt väetise (55%), komposti (18%) ja sööda (12%) jaoks. Biomajandusse üleminekuks kindluse tundmine on vastajatele rohkem murettekitav. Töötajate arv ei mõjuta hindamise aktsepteerimistvalmisolekut bioressursside töötlemiseks. Väitekirjast võib olla kasu, et määrata, milliseid sekkumisi on vaja säästva biomajanduse saavutamiseks erinevates põllumajandussektorites. Kogutud andmeid saab kasutada ka bioressursside edasiseks analüüsimiseks, et aidata välja töötada asjakohaseid poliitikameetmeid, et rahuldada põllumajandustootjate ja toiduettevõtete vajadusi, et vähendada nende tegevuse negatiivseid välismõjusid

Towards interoperable e-Health system in Tanzania: analysis and evaluation of the current security trends and big data sharing dynamics

This research article published by the International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration (IJATEE), Volume-6 Issue-59 October-2019In this paper an insight on various e-health interoperable systems was reviewed to discover strengths and challenges faced during sustainable implementation. It covered local, national and regional coverage of integrated systems towards implementation of a single unified e-health system. Peer reviewed and grey literatures were consulted to discover global and local trend and efforts towards implementations of e-health interoperable systems. The available systems and frameworks from the European Union, Asia, America, Oceania and Africa were analyzed for their strengths and challenges. Various policies, guides as well as free and proprietary standards associated with e-health interoperability was reviewed to understand the common standards adopted by the majority of existing systems. The findings of the analysis are useful for policy makers on the best ways to implement interoperable systems in developing countries by focusing on the existing infrastructures and the environment. Similarly, the strengths and challenges encountered by interoperable systems were also examined to provide recommendations for future studies