Map online system using internet-based image catalogue

Digital maps carry along its geodata information such as coordinate that is important in one particular topographic and thematic map. These geodatas are meaningful especially in military field. Since the maps carry along this information, its makes the size of the images is too big. The bigger size, the bigger storage is required to allocate the image file. It also can cause longer loading time. These conditions make it did not suitable to be applied in image catalogue approach via internet environment. With compression techniques, the image size can be reduced and the quality of the image is still guaranteed without much changes. This report is paying attention to one of the image compression technique using wavelet technology. Wavelet technology is much batter than any other image compression technique nowadays. As a result, the compressed images applied to a system called Map Online that used Internet-based Image Catalogue approach. This system allowed user to buy map online. User also can download the maps that had been bought besides using the searching the map. Map searching is based on several meaningful keywords. As a result, this system is expected to be used by Jabatan Ukur dan Pemetaan Malaysia (JUPEM) in order to make the organization vision is implemented

Enhanced Fractal Image Coding (FIC) with Collage and Reconstruction Residuals

In this paper, two new paradigms are proposed with fractal collage and reconstruction residuals to enhance FIC. In the first new paradigm, FIC is optimized using the reconstruction residuals. In the second paradigm, the selected collage residuals are used to correct the iterated function system (IFS) of FIC, and an effective technique for coding the selected collage residuals is applied based on DCT and embedded bit-plane coding. In the first paradigm, the reconstruction quality is improved without increasing the bit rate. Using the second paradigm, we can improve the reconstruction quality with a little bit (about 0.01 bpp) increase in bit rate. Experimental results show that the proposed paradigms achieve better performance than JPEG at lower bit rate and similar performance at higher bit rate

Fractal image compression and the self-affinity assumption : a stochastic signal modelling perspective

Bibliography: p. 208-225.Fractal image compression is a comparatively new technique which has gained considerable attention in the popular technical press, and more recently in the research literature. The most significant advantages claimed are high reconstruction quality at low coding rates, rapid decoding, and "resolution independence" in the sense that an encoded image may be decoded at a higher resolution than the original. While many of the claims published in the popular technical press are clearly extravagant, it appears from the rapidly growing body of published research that fractal image compression is capable of performance comparable with that of other techniques enjoying the benefit of a considerably more robust theoretical foundation. . So called because of the similarities between the form of image representation and a mechanism widely used in generating deterministic fractal images, fractal compression represents an image by the parameters of a set of affine transforms on image blocks under which the image is approximately invariant. Although the conditions imposed on these transforms may be shown to be sufficient to guarantee that an approximation of the original image can be reconstructed, there is no obvious theoretical reason to expect this to represent an efficient representation for image coding purposes. The usual analogy with vector quantisation, in which each image is considered to be represented in terms of code vectors extracted from the image itself is instructive, but transforms the fundamental problem into one of understanding why this construction results in an efficient codebook. The signal property required for such a codebook to be effective, termed "self-affinity", is poorly understood. A stochastic signal model based examination of this property is the primary contribution of this dissertation. The most significant findings (subject to some important restrictions} are that "self-affinity" is not a natural consequence of common statistical assumptions but requires particular conditions which are inadequately characterised by second order statistics, and that "natural" images are only marginally "self-affine", to the extent that fractal image compression is effective, but not more so than comparable standard vector quantisation techniques

Multi-surface coding simulations of the restricted solid-on-solid model in four dimensions

We study the Restricted Solid on Solid (RSOS) model for surface growth in spatial dimension d=4 by means of a multi-surface coding technique that allows to analyze samples to analyze samples of size up to $256^4$ in the steady state regime. For such large systems we are able to achieve a controlled asymptotic regime where the typical scale of the fluctuations are larger than the lattice spacing used in the simulations. A careful finite-size scaling analysis of the critical exponents clearly indicate that d=4 is not the upper critical dimension of the model.Comment: 6 pages, 3 pdf figures, changed title and minor changes in the abstract, added some references. This is the published versio

Wavelets and their use

This review paper is intended to give a useful guide for those who want to apply discrete wavelets in their practice. The notion of wavelets and their use in practical computing and various applications are briefly described, but rigorous proofs of mathematical statements are omitted, and the reader is just referred to corresponding literature. The multiresolution analysis and fast wavelet transform became a standard procedure for dealing with discrete wavelets. The proper choice of a wavelet and use of nonstandard matrix multiplication are often crucial for achievement of a goal. Analysis of various functions with the help of wavelets allows to reveal fractal structures, singularities etc. Wavelet transform of operator expressions helps solve some equations. In practical applications one deals often with the discretized functions, and the problem of stability of wavelet transform and corresponding numerical algorithms becomes important. After discussing all these topics we turn to practical applications of the wavelet machinery. They are so numerous that we have to limit ourselves by some examples only. The authors would be grateful for any comments which improve this review paper and move us closer to the goal proclaimed in the first phrase of the abstract.Comment: 63 pages with 22 ps-figures, to be published in Physics-Uspekh