On the misbehavior of constant modulus equalizers for improper modulations

In this letter, the constant-modulus (CM) cost function is analyzed under the general assumptions that improper modulation schemes of practical interest are employed and the baseband equivalent of the channel impulse response is complex-valued. This study allows one to determine a broad family of undesired minima of the CM cost function, which do not lead to perfect symbol recovery in the absence of noise. The results developed herein generalize and subsume as a particular case existing studies of the CM cost function, which exclusively consider real-valued binary modulations

Advanced Applications of Rapid Prototyping Technology in Modern Engineering

Rapid prototyping (RP) technology has been widely known and appreciated due to its flexible and customized manufacturing capabilities. The widely studied RP techniques include stereolithography apparatus (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), three-dimensional printing (3DP), fused deposition modeling (FDM), 3D plotting, solid ground curing (SGC), multiphase jet solidification (MJS), laminated object manufacturing (LOM). Different techniques are associated with different materials and/or processing principles and thus are devoted to specific applications. RP technology has no longer been only for prototype building rather has been extended for real industrial manufacturing solutions. Today, the RP technology has contributed to almost all engineering areas that include mechanical, materials, industrial, aerospace, electrical and most recently biomedical engineering. This book aims to present the advanced development of RP technologies in various engineering areas as the solutions to the real world engineering problems