2,024 research outputs found
MEETING THE OTHER AS A CHALLENGE 15th International Conference “Philosophy: the New Generation” Summaries of Reports
National University of
«Kyiv-Mohyla academy»
MEETING THE OTHER
AS A CHALLENGE
15th International Conference
“Philosophy: the New Generation”
Summaries of Reports
Kyiv, NaUKMA,
April 21–22, 202
UMSL Bulletin 2023-2024
The 2023-2024 Bulletin and Course Catalog for the University of Missouri St. Louis.https://irl.umsl.edu/bulletin/1088/thumbnail.jp
UMSL Bulletin 2022-2023
The 2022-2023 Bulletin and Course Catalog for the University of Missouri St. Louis.https://irl.umsl.edu/bulletin/1087/thumbnail.jp
Physical computation and compositionality
Developments in quantum computing and, more in general, non-standard
computing systems, represent a clear indication that the very notion of what a
physical computing device is and does should be recast in a rigorous and sound
framework. Physical computing has opened a whole stream of new research aimed
to understand and control how information is processed by several types of
physical devices. Therefore, classical definitions and entire frameworks need
to be adapted in order to fit a broader notion of what physical computing
systems really are. Recent studies have proposed a formalism that can be used
to carve out a more proper notion of physical computing. In this paper we
present a framework which capture such results in a very natural way via some
basic constructions in Category Theory. Furthermore, we show that, within our
framework, the compositional nature of physical computing systems is naturally
formalized, and that it can be organized in coherent structures by the means of
their relational nature
Trace formulas for magnetic Schr\"odinger operators on periodic graphs and their applications
We consider Schr\"odinger operators with periodic magnetic and electric
potentials on periodic discrete graphs. The spectrum of such operators consists
of a finite number of bands. We determine trace formulas for the magnetic
Schr\"odinger operators. The traces of the fiber operators are expressed as
finite Fourier series of the quasimomentum. The coefficients of the Fourier
series are given in terms of the magnetic fluxes, electric potentials and
cycles in the quotient graph from some specific cycle sets. Using the trace
formulas we obtain new lower estimates of the total bandwidth for the magnetic
Schr\"odinger operator in terms of geometric parameters of the graph, magnetic
fluxes and electric potentials. We show that these estimates are sharp.Comment: 37 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:2106.04245, arXiv:2106.0866
The Challenges in Understanding Urban Identity
Despite the inherently dynamic nature of the urban identity concept and its interconnections among various academic disciplines, including philosophy, psychology, environmental studies, and urbanism, the term is employed in distinct contexts within each field. This divergence in usage has resulted in ambiguity and a lack of clarity regarding the meaning of urban identity.
This research aims to scrutinize the existing literature on identity and urban identity across various scientific disciplines, reaching a better understanding of the term.
As a methodological approach, we undertake a systematic analysis of the theoretical debate to identify and comprehend the descriptive and analytical perspectives on identity and urban identity concepts, the evaluation processes of urban identity, and the identification of primary debates, issues, and related gaps. The findings of this research will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the urban identity concept and its identification, thereby contributing to the evolution of academic research on urban identity
If I Can\u27t Predict My Future, Why Can AI? Exploring Human Interaction with Predictive Analytics
This research study seeks to understand how AI-based chatbots can potentially be leveraged as a tool in a PSYOP. This study is methodologically driven as it employs validated scales concerning suggestibility and human-computer interaction to assess how participants interact with a specific AI chatbot, Replika. Recent studies demonstrate the capability of GPT-based analytics to influence user’s moral judgements, and this paper is interested in exploring why. Results will help draw conclusions regarding human interaction with predictive analytics (in this case a free GPT-based chatbot, Replika) to understand if suggestibility (how easily influenced someone generally is) impacts the overall usability of AI chatbots. This project will help assess how much of a concern predictive AI chatbots should be considered as virtual AI influencers and other bot-based propaganda modalities emerge in the contemporary media environment. This study uses the CASA paradigm, medium theory, and Boyd’s theory of conflict to explore how factors that often drive human computer interaction— like anthropomorphic autonomy and suspension of disbelief— potentially relate to suggestibility or chatbot usability. Overall, this study is interested in specifically exploring if suggestion can predict usability in AI chatbots
Stochastic Mathematical Systems
We introduce a framework that can be used to model both mathematics and human
reasoning about mathematics. This framework involves {stochastic mathematical
systems} (SMSs), which are stochastic processes that generate pairs of
questions and associated answers (with no explicit referents). We use the SMS
framework to define normative conditions for mathematical reasoning, by
defining a ``calibration'' relation between a pair of SMSs. The first SMS is
the human reasoner, and the second is an ``oracle'' SMS that can be interpreted
as deciding whether the question-answer pairs of the reasoner SMS are valid. To
ground thinking, we understand the answers to questions given by this oracle to
be the answers that would be given by an SMS representing the entire
mathematical community in the infinite long run of the process of asking and
answering questions. We then introduce a slight extension of SMSs to allow us
to model both the physical universe and human reasoning about the physical
universe. We then define a slightly different calibration relation appropriate
for the case of scientific reasoning. In this case the first SMS represents a
human scientist predicting the outcome of future experiments, while the second
SMS represents the physical universe in which the scientist is embedded, with
the question-answer pairs of that SMS being specifications of the experiments
that will occur and the outcome of those experiments, respectively. Next we
derive conditions justifying two important patterns of inference in both
mathematical and scientific reasoning: i) the practice of increasing one's
degree of belief in a claim as one observes increasingly many lines of evidence
for that claim, and ii) abduction, the practice of inferring a claim's
probability of being correct from its explanatory power with respect to some
other claim that is already taken to hold for independent reasons.Comment: 43 pages of text, 6 pages of references, 11 pages of appendice
Molecular profiling of sex-specific podocyte stress response in response to mTOR inhibition
Strong sexual dimorphism exists in many kidney diseases, progression to End-Stage Kidney Disease and renal graft functions. However, molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Podocytes are the most important cell-type of the glomerulus regulating integrity and function of the glomerular filtration barrier. Sex differences in their molecular components and functional stress responses might be crucial for these clinically relevant sex differences. Therefore, these cells were chosen as targets for the following study investigating intrinsic sexual dimorphism on genomic and proteomic levels and sex-specific differences in response to mTOR inhibition by rapamycin in an in vivo stress model in mice. Metabolomic studies of renal cortex tissues from the same experimental groups were included to investigate the functional consequences of sexual dimorphic molecular signatures.
Male and female ROSAmT/mG-NHPS2(podocin)Cre mice with GFP-expression restricted to podocytes were treated with rapamycin or vehicle for three weeks. Renal functional parameters were monitored using metabolic cages prior to sacrifice. The genetic mouse model allowed isolation of highly pure podocytes by sequential perfusion of kidneys and fluorescence activated cell sorting after tissue digestion. Kidneys were perfused for subsequent podocyte isolations for sequencing and proteomics or directly snap frozen for histology and metabolomics. qRT-PCR, western blots and immunohistological stainings were performed for validation of omics studies and further molecular characterizations.
Although kidney function and morphology remained normal in all experimental groups, RNA sequencing revealed strong intrinsic sex-differences with more than 1700 mRNA transcripts significantly sex-differently expressed. Furthermore, stress responses due to mTOR inhibition displayed sexual dimorphism in transcriptomes and metabolomes and signaling differences as assessed by western blots. Gene set enrichment analyses of sequencing data pointed to sex-differences in enriched GOs related to transcription, cytoskeleton and focal adhesion in male and mitochondria and translation in female podocytes. Proteomics displayed in addition to significant enrichment in mitochondrial proteins increased abundance of basal cell proteins in females. Rapamycin treatment abolished significant sex differences, yet rather due to increased changes in male podocytes whereas the female transcriptome remained more stable towards treatment-induced changes. Metabolomics further supported this finding that females appeared to be less sensitive towards mTOR inhibition by showing less accumulation of amino acid pool and glycolysis metabolites after rapamycin.
In conclusion, for the first-time podocyte-specific sexual dimorphism in gene regulation and protein expression patterns were identified together with sex-different metabolic changes in stress responses, which might contribute significantly to sex differences in renal disease susceptibilities and progression.Viele Nierenerkrankungen, die zeitliche Entwicklung hin zum terminalen Nierenversagen, sowie die Funktion von Nierentransplantaten weisen einen starken sexuellen Dimorphismus auf. Die zugrundeliegenden molekularen Mechanismen sind jedoch weiterhin nur unzureichend erforscht. Podozyten sind die wichtigsten glomerulären Zellen, die die Integrität und Funktion des glomerulären Filters regulieren. Geschlechterunterschiede in ihren molekularen Komponenten und funktionellen Stressantworten könnten dafür eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Daher wurden diese Zellen in der folgenden Arbeit ausgewählt, um intrinsische Geschlechterunterschiede auf Genom- und Proteomebene, sowie sex-spezifische Unterschiede in der Stressantwort durch mTOR-Signalweghemmung mittels Rapamyzin in einem in vivo Mausmodell zu untersuchen. Um Auswirkungen auf den Metabolismus zu adressieren, wurden die Studien durch Metabolomics von Nierenkortexgewebe der gleichen experimentellen Gruppen ergänzt.
Männliche und weibliche ROSAmT/mG-NHPS2(podocin)Cre-Mäuse mit spezifischer GFP-Expression auf Podozyten wurden 3 Wochen mit Rapamyzin oder Vehikel behandelt. Metabolische Käfige ermöglichten eine genaue Bestimmung der Nierenfunktionsparameter. Aufgrund des genetischen Mausmodells konnten spezifisch reine Podozytenfraktionen nach Nierenperfusion, Verdauungsschritten und fluoreszenzaktiviertem Zellsortieren isoliert werden. Diese wurden für Sequenzierungen und Proteomics verwendet. Weitere Nieren wurden für histologische Analysen und Metabolomics direkt schockgefroren.qRT-PCR, Westernblots and immunohistologische Färbungen wurden zur Validierung der Omicsstudien und für weitere molekulare Charakterisierungen eingesetzt.
Trotz normaler Nierenfunktion und Nierenmorphologie bei allen experimentellen Gruppen fanden sich bei der RNA-Sequenzierung hochsignifikante Geschlechterunterschiede bei mehr als 1700 mRNA-Transkripten. Veränderungen induziert durch die Stressantwort auf mTOR-Hemmung wiesen ebenso sexuellen Dimorphismus im Transkriptom und Metabolom auf, sowie Signalwegsunterschiede, wie mithilfe von Westernblots gezeigt werden konnte. Gengruppen-Enrichment Analysen deuteten auf Geschlechterunterschiede in angereicherten Genontologien für Transkription, Zytoskelett und Fokale Adhäsionen in männlichen und mitochondrialer Proteine und Translation in weiblichen Podozyten hin. Proteomics wies zusätzlich zu mitochondrialen Proteinen eine Anreicherung von basalen Zellproteinen bei weiblichen Podozyten auf. Rapamyzin beseitigte die signifikanten Geschlechterunterschiede, allerdings eher aufgrund erhöhter Veränderungen bei männlichen Podozyten bei insgesamt stabilerem weiblichen Transkriptom. Metabolomics bestätigte dieses sex-differente Verhalten in Bezug auf Rapamyzinbehandlung. Weibliche Podozyten erschienen stressresistenter und zeigten eine geringere Akkumulation im Aminosäurenpool und von Metaboliten der Glykolyse als männliche Podozyten.
Zusammenfassend konnte in dieser Arbeit erstmals gezeigt werden, dass Podozyten signifikante Unterschiede in der Genregulation und Proteinexpression aufweisen zusammen mit geschlechtsspezifischen metabolischen Stressanpassungen, was entscheidend zu den Geschlechterunterschieden der Entwicklung von Nierenerkrankungen und deren Progress beitragen könnte
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