2,169,938 research outputs found
The t-stability number of a random graph
Given a graph G = (V,E), a vertex subset S is called t-stable (or
t-dependent) if the subgraph G[S] induced on S has maximum degree at most t.
The t-stability number of G is the maximum order of a t-stable set in G. We
investigate the typical values that this parameter takes on a random graph on n
vertices and edge probability equal to p. For any fixed 0 < p < 1 and fixed
non-negative integer t, we show that, with probability tending to 1 as n grows,
the t-stability number takes on at most two values which we identify as
functions of t, p and n. The main tool we use is an asymptotic expression for
the expected number of t-stable sets of order k. We derive this expression by
performing a precise count of the number of graphs on k vertices that have
maximum degree at most k. Using the above results, we also obtain asymptotic
bounds on the t-improper chromatic number of a random graph (this is the
generalisation of the chromatic number, where we partition of the vertex set of
the graph into t-stable sets).Comment: 25 pages; v2 has 30 pages and is identical to the journal version
apart from formatting and a minor amendment to Lemma 8 (and its proof on p.
21
The Dirichlet Problem for Harmonic Functions on Compact Sets
For any compact set we develop the theory of Jensen
measures and subharmonic peak points, which form the set , to
study the Dirichlet problem on . Initially we consider the space of
functions on which can be uniformly approximated by functions harmonic in a
neighborhood of as possible solutions. As in the classical theory, our
Theorem 8.1 shows for compact sets with
closed. However, in general a continuous solution cannot be
expected even for continuous data on \rO_K as illustrated by Theorem 8.1.
Consequently, we show that the solution can be found in a class of finely
harmonic functions. Moreover by Theorem 8.7, in complete analogy with the
classical situation, this class is isometrically isomorphic to
for all compact sets .Comment: There have been a large number of changes made from the first
version. They mostly consists of shortening the article and supplying
additional reference
Fast evaluation of union-intersection expressions
We show how to represent sets in a linear space data structure such that
expressions involving unions and intersections of sets can be computed in a
worst-case efficient way. This problem has applications in e.g. information
retrieval and database systems. We mainly consider the RAM model of
computation, and sets of machine words, but also state our results in the I/O
model. On a RAM with word size , a special case of our result is that the
intersection of (preprocessed) sets, containing elements in total, can
be computed in expected time , where is the
number of elements in the intersection. If the first of the two terms
dominates, this is a factor faster than the standard solution of
merging sorted lists. We show a cell probe lower bound of time , meaning that our upper bound is nearly
optimal for small . Our algorithm uses a novel combination of approximate
set representations and word-level parallelism
Rare Kaon Decay Experiments at CERN
The NA62 experiment at the CERN SPS aims to measure the branching ratio of
the rare decay with a relative precision of .
To achieve that goal, it is designed to be exposed to
decays in its fiducial volume. The unprecedented flux will lead to record
sensitivities to rare and forbidden decays of and , including
those that violate lepton flavour or lepton number conservation. The expected
NA62 performances for lepton flavour conservation and lepton universality tests
are discussed. Relevant on-going or recently completed measurements from the
decay data sets collected by earlier kaon experiments at CERN (NA48/2
and NA62-) are also presented.Comment: Talk given at the 1st Charged Lepton Flavour Conference, Lecce, May
201
Comparing Different Information Levels
Given a sequence of random variables suppose the aim
is to maximize one's return by picking a `favorable' . Obviously, the
expected payoff crucially depends on the information at hand. An optimally
informed person knows all the values and thus receives . We will compare this return to the expected payoffs of a number of
observers having less information, in particular , the value of
the sequence to a person who only knows the first moments of the random
variables.
In general, there is a stochastic environment (i.e. a class of random
variables ), and several levels of information. Given some , an observer possessing information obtains . We
are going to study `information sets' of the form
characterizing the advantage of relative to . Since such a set measures
the additional payoff by virtue of increased information, its analysis yields a
number of interesting results, in particular `prophet-type' inequalities.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure
Answering Spatial Multiple-Set Intersection Queries Using 2-3 Cuckoo Hash-Filters
We show how to answer spatial multiple-set intersection queries in O(n(log
w)/w + kt) expected time, where n is the total size of the t sets involved in
the query, w is the number of bits in a memory word, k is the output size, and
c is any fixed constant. This improves the asymptotic performance over previous
solutions and is based on an interesting data structure, known as 2-3 cuckoo
hash-filters. Our results apply in the word-RAM model (or practical RAM model),
which allows for constant-time bit-parallel operations, such as bitwise AND,
OR, NOT, and MSB (most-significant 1-bit), as exist in modern CPUs and GPUs.
Our solutions apply to any multiple-set intersection queries in spatial data
sets that can be reduced to one-dimensional range queries, such as spatial join
queries for one-dimensional points or sets of points stored along space-filling
curves, which are used in GIS applications.Comment: Full version of paper from 2017 ACM SIGSPATIAL International
Conference on Advances in Geographic Information System
Ignorance is Almost Bliss: Near-Optimal Stochastic Matching With Few Queries
The stochastic matching problem deals with finding a maximum matching in a
graph whose edges are unknown but can be accessed via queries. This is a
special case of stochastic -set packing, where the problem is to find a
maximum packing of sets, each of which exists with some probability. In this
paper, we provide edge and set query algorithms for these two problems,
respectively, that provably achieve some fraction of the omniscient optimal
solution.
Our main theoretical result for the stochastic matching (i.e., -set
packing) problem is the design of an \emph{adaptive} algorithm that queries
only a constant number of edges per vertex and achieves a
fraction of the omniscient optimal solution, for an arbitrarily small
. Moreover, this adaptive algorithm performs the queries in only a
constant number of rounds. We complement this result with a \emph{non-adaptive}
(i.e., one round of queries) algorithm that achieves a
fraction of the omniscient optimum. We also extend both our results to
stochastic -set packing by designing an adaptive algorithm that achieves a
fraction of the omniscient optimal solution, again
with only queries per element. This guarantee is close to the best known
polynomial-time approximation ratio of for the
\emph{deterministic} -set packing problem [Furer and Yu, 2013]
We empirically explore the application of (adaptations of) these algorithms
to the kidney exchange problem, where patients with end-stage renal failure
swap willing but incompatible donors. We show on both generated data and on
real data from the first 169 match runs of the UNOS nationwide kidney exchange
that even a very small number of non-adaptive edge queries per vertex results
in large gains in expected successful matches
Extremal and typical results in Real Algebraic Geometry
In the first part of the dissertation we show that is the maximum possible number of critical points that a generic -dimensional spherical harmonic of degree can have. Our result in particular shows that there exist generic real symmetric tensors whose all eigenvectors are real. The results of this part are contained in Chapter \ref{ch:harmonics}.
In the second part of the thesis we are interested in expected outcomes in three different problems of probabilistic real algebraic and differential geometry.
First, in Chapter \ref{ch:discriminant} we compute the volume of the projective variety \Delta\subset \txt{P}\txt{Sym}(n,\K{R}) of real symmetric matrices with repeated eigenvalues. Our computation implies that the expected number of real symmetric matrices with repeated eigenvalues in a uniformly distributed projective -plane L\subset \txt{P}\txt{Sym}(n,\K{R}) equals \mean\#(\Delta\cap L) = {n\choose 2}. The sharp upper bound on the number of matrices in the intersection of with a generic projective -plane is .
Second, in Chapter \ref{ch:pevp} we provide explicit formulas for the expected condition number for the polynomial eigenvalue problem defined by matrices drawn from various Gaussian matrix ensembles.
Finally, in Chapter \ref{ch:tangents} we are interested in the expected number of lines that are simultaneously tangent to the boundaries of several convex sets randomly positioned in the sphere. We express this number in terms of the integral mean curvatures of the boundaries of the convex sets
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