Statically-analyzed stream monitoring for cyber-physical Systems

Cyber-physical systems are digital systems interacting with the physical world. Even though this induces an inherent complexity, they are responsible for safety-critical tasks like governing nuclear power plants or controlling autonomous vehicles. To preserve trust into the safety of such systems, this thesis presents a runtime verification approach designed to generate trustworthy monitors from a formal specification. These monitors are responsible for observing the cyber-physical system during runtime and ensuring its safety. As underlying language, I present the asynchronous real-time specification language RTLola. It contains primitives for arithmetic properties and grants precise control over the timing of the monitor. With this, it enables specifiers to express properties relevant to cyber-physical systems. The thesis further presents a static analysis that identifies inconsistencies in the specification and provides insights into the dynamic behavior of the monitor. As a result, the resource consumption of the monitor becomes predictable. The generation of the monitor produces either a hardware description synthesizable onto programmable hardware, or Rust code with verification annotation. These annotations allow for proving the correctness of the monitor with respect to the semantics of RTLola. Last, I present the construction of a conservative hybrid model of the underlying system using information extracted from the specification. This model enables further verification steps.Cyber-physische Systeme sind digitale Systeme, die mit der physischen Welt interagieren. Obwohl das zu einer inhärenten Komplexität führt, sind sie verantwortlich für sicherheitskritische Aufgaben wie der Steuerung von Kernkraftwerken oder autonomen Fahrzeugen. Umdas Vertrauen in deren Sicherheit zu wahren, präsentiert diese Doktorarbeit einen Ansatz zur Laufzeitverifikation, konzipiert, um vertrauenswürdige Monitore aus einer formalen Spezifikation zu generieren. Diese Monitore sind dafür verantwortlich, das cyber-physische System zur Laufzeit zu überwachen und dessen Sicherheit zu gewährleisten. Als zugrundeliegende Sprache präsentiere ich die asynchrone Echtzeit-Spezifikationssprache RTLola. Sie enthält Primitiven für arithmetische Eigenschaften und gewährt präzise Kontrolle über das Timing des Monitors. Damit wird es Spezifizierenden ermöglicht Eigenschaften auszudrücken, die für Cyber-physische Systeme relevant sind. Weiterhin präsentiert diese Doktorarbeit eine statische Analyse, die Unstimmigkeiten in der Spezifikation identifiziert und Einblicke in das dynamische Verhalten des Monitors liefert. Aufgrund dessen wird der Ressourcenverbrauch des Monitors vorhersehbar. Die Generierung des Monitors erzeugt entweder eine Hardwarebeschreibung, die auf programmierbarer Hardware synthetisiert werden kann, oder Rust Code mit Verifikationsannotationen. Diese Annotationen erlauben es, die Korrektheit des Monitors bezogen auf die Semantik von RTLola zu beweisen. Abschließend präsentiere ich die Konstruktion von einem konservativen hybriden Modell des zugrundeliegenden Systems anhand von Informationen, die aus der Spezifikation gewonnen wurden. Dieses Modell ermöglicht weitere Verifikationsschritte

Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures

This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computational Structures, FOSSACS 2021, which was held during March 27 until April 1, 2021, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg and changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 28 regular papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 88 submissions. They deal with research on theories and methods to support the analysis, integration, synthesis, transformation, and verification of programs and software systems

Computer Aided Verification

This open access two-volume set LNCS 10980 and 10981 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2018, held in Oxford, UK, in July 2018. The 52 full and 13 tool papers presented together with 3 invited papers and 2 tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 215 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics and techniques, from algorithmic and logical foundations of verification to practical applications in distributed, networked, cyber-physical, and autonomous systems. They are organized in topical sections on model checking, program analysis using polyhedra, synthesis, learning, runtime verification, hybrid and timed systems, tools, probabilistic systems, static analysis, theory and security, SAT, SMT and decisions procedures, concurrency, and CPS, hardware, industrial applications

Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems

This open access two-volume set constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2021, which was held during March 27 – April 1, 2021, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg and changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The total of 41 full papers presented in the proceedings was carefully reviewed and selected from 141 submissions. The volume also contains 7 tool papers; 6 Tool Demo papers, 9 SV-Comp Competition Papers. The papers are organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Game Theory; SMT Verification; Probabilities; Timed Systems; Neural Networks; Analysis of Network Communication. Part II: Verification Techniques (not SMT); Case Studies; Proof Generation/Validation; Tool Papers; Tool Demo Papers; SV-Comp Tool Competition Papers

Computer Aided Verification

This open access two-volume set LNCS 10980 and 10981 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2018, held in Oxford, UK, in July 2018. The 52 full and 13 tool papers presented together with 3 invited papers and 2 tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 215 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics and techniques, from algorithmic and logical foundations of verification to practical applications in distributed, networked, cyber-physical, and autonomous systems. They are organized in topical sections on model checking, program analysis using polyhedra, synthesis, learning, runtime verification, hybrid and timed systems, tools, probabilistic systems, static analysis, theory and security, SAT, SMT and decisions procedures, concurrency, and CPS, hardware, industrial applications