21,630 research outputs found
A formal foundation for ontology alignment interaction models
Ontology alignment foundations are hard to find in the literature. The abstract nature of the topic and the diverse means of practice makes it difficult to capture it in a universal formal foundation. We argue that such a lack of formality hinders further development and convergence of practices, and in particular, prevents us from achieving greater levels of automation. In this article we present a formal foundation for ontology alignment that is based on interaction models between heterogeneous agents on the Semantic Web. We use the mathematical notion of information flow in a distributed system to ground our three hypotheses of enabling semantic interoperability and we use a motivating example throughout the article: how to progressively align two ontologies of research quality assessment through meaning coordination. We conclude the article with the presentation---in an executable specification language---of such an ontology-alignment interaction model
Communication and Synchronization of Distributed Medical Models: Design, Development, and Performance Analysis
Model-based development is a widely-used method to describe complex systems
that enables the rapid prototyping. Advances in the science of distributed
systems has led to the development of large scale statechart models which are
distributed among multiple locations. Taking medicine for example, models of
best-practice guidelines during rural ambulance transport are distributed
across hospital settings from a rural hospital, to an ambulance, to a central
tertiary hospital. Unfortunately, these medical models require continuous and
real-time communication across individual medical models in physically
distributed treatment locations which provides vital assistance to the
clinicians and physicians. This makes it necessary to offer methods for
model-driven communication and synchronization in a distributed environment. In
this paper, we describe ModelSink, a middleware to address the problem of
communication and synchronization of heterogeneous distributed models. Being
motivated by the synchronization requirements during emergency ambulance
transport, we use medical best-practice models as a case study to illustrate
the notion of distributed models. Through ModelSink, we achieve an efficient
communication architecture, open-loop-safe protocol, and queuing and mapping
mechanisms compliant with the semantics of statechart-based model-driven
development. We evaluated the performance of ModelSink on distributed sets of
medical models that we have developed to assess how ModelSink performs in
various loads. Our work is intended to assist clinicians, EMT, and medical
staff to prevent unintended deviations from medical best practices, and
overcome connectivity and coordination challenges that exist in a distributed
hospital network. Our practice suggests that there are in fact additional
potential domains beyond medicine where our middleware can provide needed
utility.Comment: 12 pages, IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and
Medicine, 201
Practical Semantic Parsing for Spoken Language Understanding
Executable semantic parsing is the task of converting natural language
utterances into logical forms that can be directly used as queries to get a
response. We build a transfer learning framework for executable semantic
parsing. We show that the framework is effective for Question Answering (Q&A)
as well as for Spoken Language Understanding (SLU). We further investigate the
case where a parser on a new domain can be learned by exploiting data on other
domains, either via multi-task learning between the target domain and an
auxiliary domain or via pre-training on the auxiliary domain and fine-tuning on
the target domain. With either flavor of transfer learning, we are able to
improve performance on most domains; we experiment with public data sets such
as Overnight and NLmaps as well as with commercial SLU data. The experiments
carried out on data sets that are different in nature show how executable
semantic parsing can unify different areas of NLP such as Q&A and SLU
Applied Metamodelling: A Foundation for Language Driven Development (Third Edition)
Modern day system developers have some serious problems to contend with. The
systems they develop are becoming increasingly complex as customers demand
richer functionality delivered in ever shorter timescales. They have to manage
a huge diversity of implementation technologies, design techniques and
development processes: everything from scripting languages to web-services to
the latest 'silver bullet' design abstraction. To add to that, nothing stays
still: today's 'must have' technology rapidly becomes tomorrow's legacy problem
that must be managed along with everything else. How can these problems be
dealt with? In this book we propose that there is a common foundation to their
resolution: languages. Languages are the primary way in which system developers
communicate, design and implement systems. Languages provide abstractions that
can encapsulate complexity, embrace the diversity of technologies and design
abstractions, and unite modern and legacy systems
To Monitor Or Not: Observing Robot's Behavior based on a Game-Theoretic Model of Trust
In scenarios where a robot generates and executes a plan, there may be
instances where this generated plan is less costly for the robot to execute but
incomprehensible to the human. When the human acts as a supervisor and is held
accountable for the robot's plan, the human may be at a higher risk if the
incomprehensible behavior is deemed to be infeasible or unsafe. In such cases,
the robot, who may be unaware of the human's exact expectations, may choose to
execute (1) the most constrained plan (i.e. one preferred by all possible
supervisors) incurring the added cost of executing highly sub-optimal behavior
when the human is monitoring it and (2) deviate to a more optimal plan when the
human looks away. While robots do not have human-like ulterior motives (such as
being lazy), such behavior may occur because the robot has to cater to the
needs of different human supervisors. In such settings, the robot, being a
rational agent, should take any chance it gets to deviate to a lower cost plan.
On the other hand, continuous monitoring of the robot's behavior is often
difficult for humans because it costs them valuable resources (e.g., time,
cognitive overload, etc.). Thus, to optimize the cost for monitoring while
ensuring the robots follow the safe behavior, we model this problem in the
game-theoretic framework of trust. In settings where the human does not
initially trust the robot, pure-strategy Nash Equilibrium provides a useful
policy for the human.Comment: First two authors contributed equally and names are ordered based on
a coin fli
Reconciliation of object interaction models
This paper presents Reconciliation+, a
tool-supported method which identifies overlaps
between models of different object interactions
expressed as UML sequence and/or collaboration
diagrams, checks whether the overlapping elements
of these models satisfy specific consistency rules,
and guides developers in handling these
inconsistencies. The method also keeps track of the
decisions made and the actions taken in the process
of managing inconsistencies
Recipes for Translating Big Data Machine Reading to Executable Cellular Signaling Models
With the tremendous increase in the amount of biological literature,
developing automated methods for extracting big data from papers, building
models and explaining big mechanisms becomes a necessity. We describe here our
approach to translating machine reading outputs, obtained by reading bio-
logical signaling literature, to discrete models of cellular networks. We use
out- puts from three different reading engines, and describe our approach to
translating their different features, using examples from reading cancer
literature. We also outline several issues that still arise when assembling
cellular network models from state-of-the-art reading engines. Finally, we
illustrate the details of our approach with a case study in pancreatic cancer
2D implementation of quantum annealing algorisms for fourth order binary optimization problems
Quantum annealing may provide advantages over simulated annealing on solving
some problems such as Kth order binary optimization problem. No feasible
architecture exists to implement the high-order optimization problem (K > 2) on
current quantum annealing hardware. We propose a two-dimensional quantum
annealing architecture to solve the 4th order binary optimization problem by
encoding four-qubit interactions within the coupled local fields acting on a
set of physical qubits. All possible four-body coupling terms for an N-qubit
system can be implemented through this architecture and are readily realizable
with the existing superconducting circuit technologies. The overhead of the
physical qubits is O(N4), which is the same as previously proposed
architectures in four-dimensional space. The equivalence between the
optimization problem Hamiltonian and the executable Hamiltonian is ensured by a
gauge invariant subspace of the experimental system. A scheme to realize local
gauge constraint by single ancillary qubit is proposed.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure
A Logic of Knowing How
In this paper, we propose a single-agent modal logic framework for reasoning
about goal-direct "knowing how" based on ideas from linguistics, philosophy,
modal logic and automated planning. We first define a modal language to express
"I know how to guarantee phi given psi" with a semantics not based on standard
epistemic models but labelled transition systems that represent the agent's
knowledge of his own abilities. A sound and complete proof system is given to
capture the valid reasoning patterns about "knowing how" where the most
important axiom suggests its compositional nature.Comment: 14 pages, a 12-page version accepted by LORI
Verifying Web Applications: From Business Level Specifications to Automated Model-Based Testing
One of reasons preventing a wider uptake of model-based testing in the
industry is the difficulty which is encountered by developers when trying to
think in terms of properties rather than linear specifications. A disparity has
traditionally been perceived between the language spoken by customers who
specify the system and the language required to construct models of that
system. The dynamic nature of the specifications for commercial systems further
aggravates this problem in that models would need to be rechecked after every
specification change. In this paper, we propose an approach for converting
specifications written in the commonly-used quasi-natural language Gherkin into
models for use with a model-based testing tool. We have instantiated this
approach using QuickCheck and demonstrate its applicability via a case study on
the eHealth system, the national health portal for Maltese residents.Comment: In Proceedings MBT 2014, arXiv:1403.704
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