621 research outputs found
A new Definition and Classification of Physical Unclonable Functions
A new definition of "Physical Unclonable Functions" (PUFs), the first one
that fully captures its intuitive idea among experts, is presented. A PUF is an
information-storage system with a security mechanism that is
1. meant to impede the duplication of a precisely described
storage-functionality in another, separate system and
2. remains effective against an attacker with temporary access to the whole
original system.
A novel classification scheme of the security objectives and mechanisms of
PUFs is proposed and its usefulness to aid future research and security
evaluation is demonstrated. One class of PUF security mechanisms that prevents
an attacker to apply all addresses at which secrets are stored in the
information-storage system, is shown to be closely analogous to cryptographic
encryption. Its development marks the dawn of a new fundamental primitive of
hardware-security engineering: cryptostorage. These results firmly establish
PUFs as a fundamental concept of hardware security.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures; Proceedings "CS2 '15 Proceedings of the Second
Workshop on Cryptography and Security in Computing Systems", Amsterdam, 2015,
ACM Digital Librar
Barrel Shifter Physical Unclonable Function Based Encryption
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are circuits designed to extract
physical randomness from the underlying circuit. This randomness depends on the
manufacturing process. It differs for each device enabling chip-level
authentication and key generation applications. We present a protocol utilizing
a PUF for secure data transmission. Parties each have a PUF used for encryption
and decryption; this is facilitated by constraining the PUF to be commutative.
This framework is evaluated with a primitive permutation network - a barrel
shifter. Physical randomness is derived from the delay of different shift
paths. Barrel shifter (BS) PUF captures the delay of different shift paths.
This delay is entangled with message bits before they are sent across an
insecure channel. BS-PUF is implemented using transmission gates; their
characteristics ensure same-chip reproducibility, a necessary property of PUFs.
Post-layout simulations of a common centroid layout 8-level barrel shifter in
0.13 {\mu}m technology assess uniqueness, stability and randomness properties.
BS-PUFs pass all selected NIST statistical randomness tests. Stability similar
to Ring Oscillator (RO) PUFs under environment variation is shown. Logistic
regression of 100,000 plaintext-ciphertext pairs (PCPs) failed to successfully
model BS- PUF behavior
A formal definition and a new security mechanism of physical unclonable functions
The characteristic novelty of what is generally meant by a "physical
unclonable function" (PUF) is precisely defined, in order to supply a firm
basis for security evaluations and the proposal of new security mechanisms. A
PUF is defined as a hardware device which implements a physical function with
an output value that changes with its argument. A PUF can be clonable, but a
secure PUF must be unclonable. This proposed meaning of a PUF is cleanly
delineated from the closely related concepts of "conventional unclonable
function", "physically obfuscated key", "random-number generator", "controlled
PUF" and "strong PUF". The structure of a systematic security evaluation of a
PUF enabled by the proposed formal definition is outlined. Practically all
current and novel physical (but not conventional) unclonable physical functions
are PUFs by our definition. Thereby the proposed definition captures the
existing intuition about what is a PUF and remains flexible enough to encompass
further research. In a second part we quantitatively characterize two classes
of PUF security mechanisms, the standard one, based on a minimum secret
read-out time, and a novel one, based on challenge-dependent erasure of stored
information. The new mechanism is shown to allow in principle the construction
of a "quantum-PUF", that is absolutely secure while not requiring the storage
of an exponentially large secret. The construction of a PUF that is
mathematically and physically unclonable in principle does not contradict the
laws of physics.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure, Conference Proceedings MMB & DFT 2012,
Kaiserslautern, German
A Low-Cost Unified Experimental FPGA Board for Cryptography Applications
This paper describes the evaluation of available
experimental boards, the comparison of their supported set
of experiments and other aspects. The second part of this
evaluation is focused on the design process of the PCB (Printed
Circuit Board) for an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)
based cryptography environment suitable for evaluating the latest
trends in the IC (Integrated Circuit) security like Side–Channel
Attacks (SCA) or Physically Unclonable Function (PUF). It
leads to many criteria affecting the design process and also the
suitability for evaluating and measuring results of the attacks and
their countermeasures. The developed system should be open,
versatile and unrestricted by the U.S. law [1]
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