Optical Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access for Visible Light Communication

The proliferation of mobile Internet and connected devices, offering a variety of services at different levels of performance, represents a major challenge for the fifth generation wireless networks and beyond. This requires a paradigm shift towards the development of key enabling techniques for the next generation wireless networks. In this respect, visible light communication (VLC) has recently emerged as a new communication paradigm that is capable of providing ubiquitous connectivity by complementing radio frequency communications. One of the main challenges of VLC systems, however, is the low modulation bandwidth of the light-emitting-diodes, which is in the megahertz range. This article presents a promising technology, referred to as "optical- non-orthogonal multiple access (O-NOMA)", which is envisioned to address the key challenges in the next generation of wireless networks. We provide a detailed overview and analysis of the state-of-the-art integration of O-NOMA in VLC networks. Furthermore, we provide insights on the potential opportunities and challenges as well as some open research problems that are envisioned to pave the way for the future design and implementation of O-NOMA in VLC systems

NGA, IP-Interconnection and their Impact on Business Models and Competition

Developments towards Next Generation Networks (NGN) have a strong impact on the design of the markets for electronic communications in general, but specifically on intercarrier relations with respect to interconnection and access. Due to the fact that competition in the European telecommunications environment has brought about alternative providers and their business models it is an interesting area to investigate how these business models will develop in an NGN environment and which (additional) business models may emerge in the future. To that end, the current paper looks at the development of different business models in the PSTN world and likely developments in the NGN world. This leads to conclusions with respect to requirements of the future regulatory framework of next generation networks in order to maintain the achievements of competition in the telecommunications area.NGN, business models, migration, competition, regulatory framework

NGA, IP-Interconnection and their Impact on Business Models and Competition

Developments towards Next Generation Networks (NGN) have a strong impact on the design of the markets for electronic communications in general, but specifically on intercarrier relations with respect to interconnection and access. Due to the fact that competition in the European telecommunications environment has brought about alternative providers and their business models it is an interesting area to investigate how these business models will develop in an NGN environment and which (additional) business models may emerge in the future. To that end, the current paper looks at the development of different business models in the PSTN world and likely developments in the NGN world. This leads to conclusions with respect to requirements of the future regulatory framework of next generation networks in order to maintain the achievements of competition in the telecommunications area.NGN, business models, migration, competition, regulatory framework.

A novel optical passive router ring architecture using MAGNet protocol

This paper introduces a family of bidirectional multi-fibre passive photonic ring architectures that may serve as a high-capacity network backbone for supporting next-generation data-centric services. We introduce a novel dual-router node design that avoids several non-ideal routing phenomena typically associated with passive networks based on cyclic graphs. Our design also achieves the requisite single-hop full-mesh connectivity needed for arbitrary node-to-node communications. A ring enlargement strategy is presented that allows this architecture to scale across a wide range of networking domains. A medium access protocol will also briefly elaborated

Achieving Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) in Next-Generation Cellular Networks with Programmable Data Planes

Recent advancements in wireless technologies towards the next-generation cellular networks have brought a new era that made it possible to apply cellular technology on traditionally-wired networks with tighter requirements, such as industrial networks. The next-generation cellular technologies (e.g., 5G and Beyond) introduce the concept of ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). This thesis presents a Software-Defined Networking (SDN) architecture with programmable data planes for the next-generation cellular networks to achieve URLLC. Our design deploys programmable switches between the cellular core and Radio Access Networks (RAN) to monitor and modify data traffic at the line speed. We introduce the concept of \textit{intra-cellular optimization}, a relaxation in cellular networks to allow pre-authorized in-network devices to communicate without being required to signal the core network. We also present a control structure, Unified Control Plane (UCP), containing a novel Ethernet Layer control protocol and an adapted version of link-state routing information distribution among the programmable switches. Our implementation uses P4 with an 5G implementation (Open5Gs) and a UE/RAN simulator. We implement a Python simulator to evaluate the performance of our system on multi-switch topologies by simulating the switch behavior. Our evaluation indicates latency reduction up to 2x with \textit{intra-cellular optimization} compared to the conventional architecture. We show that our design has a ten-millisecond level of control latency, and achieves fine-grained network security and monitoring.Comment: M.Sc. Thesis, Bogazici University, 202