33 research outputs found
Connectivity of confined 3D Networks with Anisotropically Radiating Nodes
Nodes in ad hoc networks with randomly oriented directional antenna patterns
typically have fewer short links and more long links which can bridge together
otherwise isolated subnetworks. This network feature is known to improve
overall connectivity in 2D random networks operating at low channel path loss.
To this end, we advance recently established results to obtain analytic
expressions for the mean degree of 3D networks for simple but practical
anisotropic gain profiles, including those of patch, dipole and end-fire array
antennas. Our analysis reveals that for homogeneous systems (i.e. neglecting
boundary effects) directional radiation patterns are superior to the isotropic
case only when the path loss exponent is less than the spatial dimension.
Moreover, we establish that ad hoc networks utilizing directional transmit and
isotropic receive antennas (or vice versa) are always sub-optimally connected
regardless of the environment path loss. We extend our analysis to investigate
boundary effects in inhomogeneous systems, and study the geometrical reasons
why directional radiating nodes are at a disadvantage to isotropic ones.
Finally, we discuss multi-directional gain patterns consisting of many equally
spaced lobes which could be used to mitigate boundary effects and improve
overall network connectivity.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figure
Spatial networks with wireless applications
Many networks have nodes located in physical space, with links more common
between closely spaced pairs of nodes. For example, the nodes could be wireless
devices and links communication channels in a wireless mesh network. We
describe recent work involving such networks, considering effects due to the
geometry (convex,non-convex, and fractal), node distribution,
distance-dependent link probability, mobility, directivity and interference.Comment: Review article- an amended version with a new title from the origina
Directional antennas improve the link-connectivity of interference limited ad hoc networks
We study wireless ad hoc networks in the absence of any channel contention or
transmit power control and ask how antenna directivity affects network
connectivity in the interference limited regime. We answer this question by
deriving closed-form expressions for the outage probability, capacity and mean
node degree of the network using tools from stochastic geometry. These novel
results provide valuable insights for the design of future ad hoc networks.
Significantly, our results suggest that the more directional the interfering
transmitters are, the less detrimental are the effects of interference to
individual links. We validate our analytical results through computer
simulations.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, conference proceedings of PIMRC'201
Connectivity scaling laws in wireless networks
We present scaling laws that dictate both local and global connectivity
properties of bounded wireless networks. These laws are defined with respect to
the key system parameters of per-node transmit power and the number of antennas
exploited for diversity coding and/or beamforming at each node. We demonstrate
that the local probability of connectivity scales like in these parameters, where is the ratio of the dimension of
the network domain to the path loss exponent, thus enabling efficient boundary
effect mitigation and network topology control.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Counting geodesic paths in 1-D VANETs
In the IEEE 802.11p standard addressing vehicular communications, Basic
Safety Messages (BSMs) can be bundled together and relayed as to increase the
effective communication range of transmitting vehicles. This process forms a
vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) for the dissemination of safety information.
The number of "shortest multihop paths" (or geodesics) connecting two network
nodes is an important statistic which can be used to enhance throughput,
validate threat events, protect against collusion attacks, infer location
information, and also limit redundant broadcasts thus reducing interference. To
this end, we analytically calculate for the first time the mean and variance of
the number of geodesics in 1D VANETs.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
Modeling EMI Resulting from a Signal Via Transition Through Power/Ground Layers
Signal transitioning through layers on vias are very common in multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB) design. For a signal via transitioning through the internal power and ground planes, the return current must switch from one reference plane to another reference plane. The discontinuity of the return current at the via excites the power and ground planes, and results in noise on the power bus that can lead to signal integrity, as well as EMI problems. Numerical methods, such as the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), Moment of Methods (MoM), and partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method, were employed herein to study this problem. The modeled results are supported by measurements. In addition, a common EMI mitigation approach of adding a decoupling capacitor was investigated with the FDTD method
Contributions to Molecular Magnetism: Chiral Magnets and Networked SMMs
Esta tesis aborda dos amplias ramas de investigación del magnetismo molecular: imanes quirales y supraestructuras de Single Molecule Magnets (SMMs). En la primera parte de la tesis se puede encontrar una amplia revisión bibliográfica de los conceptos de quiralidad nuclear y magnética. En un contexto cientÃfico donde existen múltiples definiciones para quiralidad magnética y en todas ellas es tratada como un concepto local, esta tesis propone una nueva definición para considerar una estructura magnética como quiral. Diversas estrategias de sÃntesis de imanes quirales son descritas, y la estructura magnética de tres compuestos obtenidos mediante una de ellas (la existencia de interacciones Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya) es analizada con difracción de neutrones. El análisis de los resultados obtenidos y la comparación entre compuestos lleva a identificar la influencia de los cationes y los ligandos en la estructura magnética de este tipo de compuestos y la relación existente entre centro de inversión y quiralidad magnética. La segunda parte de la tesis está dedicada a la caracterización magnética de SMMs aislados y dispuestos en redes bidimensionales y tridimensionales. Este estudio está motivado por el objetivo general de obtener supraestructuras formadas por SMMs unidos covalentemente. El grupo de investigación M4 (Multifunctional Magnetic Molecular Materials) ha sintetizado varios compuestos que contienen cubanos de Co(II) aislados, dispuestos en redes bidimensionales con distinta topologÃa y en una red tridimensional tipo diamante. El compuesto que contiene cubanos de Co(II) presenta dos fases cristalinas en estado sólido que permiten elegir la simetrÃa de los clústeres presentes y por tanto la barrera energética que impide el reverso de la magnetización por debajo de la temperatura del bloqueo. Se ha observado en las supraestructuras que el bloqueo de los clústeres a 5K coexiste con otros fenémenos de bloqueo y orden magnético. La frontera entre las propiedades dinámicas y estáticas de los SMMs ha demostrado ser difusa y dependiente de la técnica de medida