The Complexity of Prenex Separation Logic with One Selector

We first show that infinite satisfiability can be reduced to finite satisfiability for all prenex formulas of Separation Logic with $k\geq1$ selector fields (\seplogk{k}). Second, we show that this entails the decidability of the finite and infinite satisfiability problem for the class of prenex formulas of \seplogk{1}, by reduction to the first-order theory of one unary function symbol and unary predicate symbols. We also prove that the complexity is not elementary, by reduction from the first-order theory of one unary function symbol. Finally, we prove that the Bernays-Sch\"onfinkel-Ramsey fragment of prenex \seplogk{1} formulae with quantifier prefix in the language $\exists^*\forall^*$ is \pspace-complete. The definition of a complete (hierarchical) classification of the complexity of prenex \seplogk{1}, according to the quantifier alternation depth is left as an open problem

Historia de los hijos de Israel entre el Noble Corán y el Libro del Éxodo

The second book of the Pentateuch is called Exodus, from the Greek word for “departure,” because its central event was understood by the Septuagint’s translators to be the departure of the Israelites from Egypt. Its Hebrew title, Shemoth (“Names”), is from the book’s opening phrase, “These are the names….” Continuing the history of Israel from the point where the Book of Genesis leaves off, Exodus recounts the Egyptian oppression of Jacob’s ever-increasing descendants and their miraculous deliverance by God through Moses, who led them across the Red Sea to Mount Sinai where they entered. This article attempts to study the historical aspect of the Book of Exodus compared to the Noble Qur’an, adopting the comparative historical methodology.porque los traductores de la Septuaginta entendieron que su evento central era la salida de los israelitas de Egipto. Su título hebreo, Shemoth (“Nombres”), proviene de la frase inicial del libro: “Estos son los nombres…”. Continuando la historia de Israel desde el punto donde termina el Libro del Génesis, Éxodo relata la opresión egipcia de los cada vez mayores descendientes de Jacob y su liberación milagrosa por parte de Dios a través de Moisés, quien los condujo a través del Mar Rojo hasta el Monte Sinaí, donde entraron. Este artículo intenta estudiar el aspecto histórico del Libro del Éxodo en comparación con el Noble Corán, adoptando la metodología histórica comparada

Completeness for a First-order Abstract Separation Logic

Existing work on theorem proving for the assertion language of separation logic (SL) either focuses on abstract semantics which are not readily available in most applications of program verification, or on concrete models for which completeness is not possible. An important element in concrete SL is the points-to predicate which denotes a singleton heap. SL with the points-to predicate has been shown to be non-recursively enumerable. In this paper, we develop a first-order SL, called FOASL, with an abstracted version of the points-to predicate. We prove that FOASL is sound and complete with respect to an abstract semantics, of which the standard SL semantics is an instance. We also show that some reasoning principles involving the points-to predicate can be approximated as FOASL theories, thus allowing our logic to be used for reasoning about concrete program verification problems. We give some example theories that are sound with respect to different variants of separation logics from the literature, including those that are incompatible with Reynolds's semantics. In the experiment we demonstrate our FOASL based theorem prover which is able to handle a large fragment of separation logic with heap semantics as well as non-standard semantics.Comment: This is an extended version of the APLAS 2016 paper with the same titl

Boston University Choral Ensembles

This is the concert program of the Boston University Choral Ensembles performance on Friday, February 25, 2000 at 8:00 p.m., at the Concert Hall, 855 Commonwealth Avenue. Works performed by the Boston University Men's Chorus were Santus (from "Mass for Four Voices") by Thomas Tallis, Gloria (from "Missa Mater patris") by Josquin Desprez, Der Jager Abschied (Op. 50, No. 2) by Felix Mendelssohn, If with all your hearts (from "Elijah") by Mendelssohn, Mein! (No. 11 from "Die schone Mullerin") by Franz Schubert, Abendstandchen (Op. 75, No. 2) by Mendelssohn, Der Tod by Paul Hindemith, The Lamb by Fenno Heath, and Laura Lee (arr. A. Parker and R. Shaw) by Stephen Foster. Works performed by the Boston University Women's Chorale were Lift Thine Eyes (from "Elijah") by Felix Mendelssohn, "Minnelied," "Der Brautigam," "Die Braut," and "Marznacht" from 12 Lieder und Romanzen, Op. 44 by Johannes Brahms, Laudia alla Vergine Maria by Giuseppe Verdi, Duet: Sous le dome epais by Leo Delibes, La Speranza by Gioacchino Rossini, Elijah Rock arranged by Jester Hairston and Poor Man Lazarus arranged by Hairston. Digitization for Boston University Concert Programs was supported by the Boston University Humanities Library Endowed Fund

Images of animals in the Legends of Haji Nasretdin

This article is devoted to the analysis of the images of animals in the legends of Haji Nasretdin Afandi, where the interpretations of Eastern factors are given, taking into account the allegorical approach

Yorùbá Proverbs and Musicality

This paper attempted to establish some links between traditional Yorùbá instrumental music and instrumentation or performance with proverbs. Eleven Yorùbá proverbs that reflect either vocal or instrumental performance were collected, categorized and analysed according to their respective functionalities among members of this ethnic group. The analyses revealed that, among other things, Yorùbá proverbs could be used to emphasise the importance of collaboration of music with other performing arts, express a relationship between the musical instrument combination and the concept of family co-existence, uphold the use of musical instruments as a communicative and panegyric tool, and emphasize the universality of Yorùbá aesthetic value on speech and music

Effect of diaphragmatic facilitation techniques with chest and shoulder mobilization exercises on COPD

The purpose of this study was to find out to combined effect of Diaphragmatic facilitation technique with chest and shoulder mobilization exercises on COPD. The total 15 subjects of age group 35 to 45 years diagnosed as COPD from GH were randomly selected for this study and they were taught to do Diaphragmatic facilitation technique with chest and shoulder mobilization exercise for the period of 3 months. Before and after 3 months of training programme, the pre and post test values of FVC, FEV1 in liters were measured with computerized spirometer and scalene activities were palpated and graded with New method of evaluation by Hideaki Senjyu, Shigeki Yokoyama et.al., (2002). The paired t-test was used to compare the difference between pre and post test values of above mentioned parameters. The pre test mean value of FVC, FEV1 were 2.44, 2.32; the post test mean value of FVC, FEV1 were 2.98, 2.79 and the mean difference between pre and post test of FVC, FEV1 were 0.54, 0.47 respectively. The paired “t” value of FVC, FEV1 were 4.02, 5.67 which were greater than the tabulated t-value 2.77, 2.57 at 0.05 level. This showed that that there was statistically significant improvement in pulmonary functions in post test results. The pre test mean value of scalene palpation was 2.40; the post test mean value of scalene palpation was 3.87; the mean difference between pre and post test was 1.5. The paired t-value for scalene palpation was 8.4 was greater than the tabulated t-value 2.30. This showed that there was statistically significant reduction in scalene activities and improvement in breathing pattern in response to intervention. CONCLUSION: The increased incidence of chronic illness challenges the Physiotherapist to treat the COPD. The proper assessment and clinical decision making is foremost important skill for selecting appropriate treatment technique and to gain early recovery in COPD. Diaphragmatic facilitation technique with chest and shoulder mobilization exercises improves the lung function and exercise tolerance on patient with COPD and should be regard as mainstay of pulmonary rehabilitation. This study concludes that the diaphragmatic facilitation technique with chest and shoulder mobilization exercises are the effective treatment techniques for COPD patients. The study also concludes that the pulmonary function test and scalene palpation are useful methods for assessing effects of above treatment techniques