Government size and trust

This paper uses individual level data (the Japanese General Social Survey) to examine how government size influences generalized trust. After controlling for the endogeneity of government size using instrumental variables, I found: (1) Using all samples, government size is not associated with generalized trust, and (2) After splitting the sample into workers and non-workers, government size does not influence generalized trust for non-workers whereas it significantly reduces generalized trust for workers. This suggests that workers, through their work experience, might have to face greater bureaucratic red tape coming from “larger government”, leading to negative externality effects on relationships of trust in the labor market.Government size; Generalized trust; Employment.

Government size and trust

This paper uses individual level data (the Japanese General Social Survey, 2001) to examine how government size influences generalized trust. After controlling for income inequality, population mobility, city size and various individual characteristics, I found: (1) Using all samples, government size is not associated with generalized trust, and (2) After splitting the sample into worker and non-worker samples, government size does not influence generalized trust for non-workers whereas it significantly reduces generalized trust for workers. This suggests that workers, through their work experience, might confront the greater bureaucratic red tape coming from “larger government”, leading to negative externality effects on the trustful relationship in the labor market.Government size; Generalized trust

Government size and trust

This paper uses individual level data (the Japanese General Social Survey, 2001) to examine how government size influences generalized trust. After controlling for income inequality, population mobility, city size and various individual characteristics, I found: (1) Using all samples, government size is not associated with generalized trust, and (2) After splitting the sample into worker and non-worker samples, government size does not influence generalized trust for non-workers whereas it significantly reduces generalized trust for workers. This suggests that workers, through their work experience, might confront the greater bureaucratic red tape coming from “larger government”, leading to negative externality effects on the trustful relationship in the labor market.Government size; Generalized trust.

Eficácia das regras dos sistemas de gestão de desempenho e confiança organizacional

Esta tese estudou a relação entre a eficácia das regras dos sistemas de gestão de desempenho (SGD) e a confiança organizacional, baseando-se nos conceitos de Green Tape (DeHart-Davis, 2008) e de Confiança Organizacional, operacionalizado por McAllister (1995). A metodologia incluiu dois estudos: um composto por 24 entrevistas, e outro pela aplicação das escalas de Green Tape e Red Tape em SGDs, de Confiança Organizacional e Propensão para Confiar (Keating, Silva & Veloso, 2010). Os resultados dos 131 questionários mostram uma correlação positiva e significativa entre Green Tape e Confiança Afetiva e Cognitiva, bem como um efeito moderador da Propensão para Confiar na relação entre Green Tape e Confiança Organizacional. As entrevistas analisadas corroboram estas relações, ilustrando os impactos das regras ineficazes dos SGDs nos trabalhadores (ex. diminuição da motivação, baixa adesão ao SGD). Propomos um modelo teórico para explicar o processo pelo qual as regras ineficazes influenciam a confiança organizacional; PERFORMANCE MANGEMENT SYSTEMS’ RULE EFFECTIVENESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST This thesis studied the relationship between the effectiveness of performance management systems' (PMS) rules and organizational trust, based upon the concept of Green Tape (DeHart-Davis, 2008) and McAllister's operationalization of Organizational Trust (1995). Our methodology consisted of two studies: one comprised of 24 interviews, and another which consisted on the application of the PMS' Green Tape and Red Tape, Organizational Trust and Willingness to Trust (Keating, Silva & Veloso, 2010) Scales. Findings from the 131 questionnaires show a positive and significant correlation between Green Tape and Affective and Cognitive Trust, as well as a moderating effect of Willingness to Trust in the relationship between Green Tape and Organizational Trust. The interviews analysis further supports these relationships and illustrates the impacts of ineffective PMS' rules on workers (i.e. diminishing motivation, low adherence to PMS). A theoretical model is proposed to explain the process through which ineffective rules influence organizational trust

Restoring Trust and Building Integrity in Government: Issues and Concerns in the Philippines and Areas for Reform

In most general terms this article addresses the issue of the continuing decline of trust in government and the imperatives for reform. The decline on trust in government has been brought about by many factors including the inefficient and ineffective delivery of services, waste of public resources, graft and corruption, lack of integrity in government, poor leadership, excessive red tape, ineffective reorganization and structural changes, too much centralization, among other things. In summary, unresponsive governance has been responsible for the continuing decline of trust in government. The article introduces a framework of areas of reform imperatives with the general objective of restoring trust in government. These areas include the following: (1) reforms in institutions and structures, including reforms in organizations, processes and procedures; (2) reforms in mindsets, paradigms and behavior; (3) reforms in leadership at various levels; and (4) reforms among citizens, i.e., citizen engagement and/or citizen participation. We begin by reviewing various examples in the Philippines including continuing efforts to address graft and corruption, red tape, and inefficiencies in the government’s politico-administrative environment

Shades of Beige: Tarte Cosmetics and Racial Inclusivity

The release of Shape Tape foundation, a facial cosmetics line by Tarte Cosmetics, sparked disappointment and outrage in consumers for the lack of racial inclusivity in the range of shades offered. This came as a surprise to Tarte who, from their beginning has been a very socially aware and ecologically thoughtful company. Was this outrage justified? Did Tarte owe their customers an apology? And, if so, how should they go about making amends? When Tarte released an apology, they further angered consumers who took to social media to express their dissatisfaction. The Shape Tape foundation release sparked a debate on inclusivity in cosmetics that was further heightened by the release of Fenty Beauty, a cosmetics line centering around racial diversity, who have done tremendously in sales after only two years. A look into the beauty industry reveals a history of racial exclusion that is still seen today. As brands release new products, must they be as inclusive as possible, or are they welcome to have a specific target audience? Market research indicates that as the United States population diversifies, for brands to be successful within the U.S., they must create a space for consumers to see themselves in their products through numerous shades and formulas. Following the controversy of the Shape Tape foundation release, Tarte announced Face Tape, a redesigned line of foundation that included 50 shades and 5 undertones. Will consumers accept Tarte’s newest move? Moving forward, how can Tarte win back the trust of its customers, if possible

Incentivizing Exploration with Selective Data Disclosure

We study the design of rating systems that incentivize (more) efficient social learning among self-interested agents. Agents arrive sequentially and are presented with a set of possible actions, each of which yields a positive reward with an unknown probability. A disclosure policy sends messages about the rewards of previously-chosen actions to arriving agents. These messages can alter agents' incentives towards exploration, taking potentially sub-optimal actions for the sake of learning more about their rewards. Prior work achieves much progress with disclosure policies that merely recommend an action to each user, but relies heavily on standard, yet very strong rationality assumptions. We study a particular class of disclosure policies that use messages, called unbiased subhistories, consisting of the actions and rewards from a subsequence of past agents. Each subsequence is chosen ahead of time, according to a predetermined partial order on the rounds. We posit a flexible model of frequentist agent response, which we argue is plausible for this class of "order-based" disclosure policies. We measure the success of a policy by its regret, i.e., the difference, over all rounds, between the expected reward of the best action and the reward induced by the policy. A disclosure policy that reveals full history in each round risks inducing herding behavior among the agents, and typically has regret linear in the time horizon $T$. Our main result is an order-based disclosure policy that obtains regret $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{T})$. This regret is known to be optimal in the worst case over reward distributions, even absent incentives. We also exhibit simpler order-based policies with higher, but still sublinear, regret. These policies can be interpreted as dividing a sublinear number of agents into constant-sized focus groups, whose histories are then revealed to future agents

Reducing resources for verification of quantum computations

We present two verification protocols where the correctness of a "target" computation is checked by means of "trap" computations that can be efficiently simulated on a classical computer. Our protocols rely on a minimal set of noise-free operations (preparation of eight single-qubit states or measurement of four observables, both on a single plane of the Bloch sphere) and achieve linear overhead. To the best of our knowledge, our protocols are the least demanding techniques able to achieve linear overhead. They represent a step towards further reducing the quantum requirements for verification.Comment: Accepted versio

Optimal Pooling in Claims Resolution Facilities

A class of nonlinear stochastic processes satysfying a "Lipschitz-type strip condition" and supplied by a linear output equation, is considered. Robust asymptotic (high-gain) state estimation for nonlinear stochastic processes via differential neural networks is discussed. A new type learning law for the weight dynamics is suggested. By a stochastic Lyapunov-like analysis (with Ito formula implementation), the stability conditions for the state estimation error as well as for the neural network weights are established. The upper bound for this error is derived. The numerical example, dealing with "module"-type nonlinearities, illustrates the effectiveness of the suggested approach