114 research outputs found
On supersimple groups
International audienceAn infinite group with supersimple theory has a finite series of definable groups whose factors are infinite and either virtually-FC or virtually-simple modulo a finite FC-centre. A group which is type-definable in a supersimple theory has a finite series of relatively definable groups whose factors are either abelian or simple groups. In this decomposition, the non-abelian simple factors are unique up to isomorphism
Hyperbolically embedded subgroups and rotating families in groups acting on hyperbolic spaces
We introduce and study the notions of hyperbolically embedded and very
rotating families of subgroups. The former notion can be thought of as a
generalization of the peripheral structure of a relatively hyperbolic group,
while the later one provides a natural framework for developing a geometric
version of small cancellation theory. Examples of such families naturally occur
in groups acting on hyperbolic spaces including hyperbolic and relatively
hyperbolic groups, mapping class groups, , and the Cremona group.
Other examples can be found among groups acting geometrically on
spaces, fundamental groups of graphs of groups, etc. We obtain a number of
general results about rotating families and hyperbolically embedded subgroups;
although our technique applies to a wide class of groups, it is capable of
producing new results even for well-studied particular classes. For instance,
we solve two open problems about mapping class groups, and obtain some results
which are new even for relatively hyperbolic groups.Comment: Revision, corrections and improvement of the expositio
Data-Driven Stabilizing and Robust Control of Discrete-Time Linear Systems with Error in Variables
This work presents a sum-of-squares (SOS) based framework to perform
data-driven stabilization and robust control tasks on discrete-time linear
systems where the full-state observations are corrupted by L-infinity bounded
input, measurement, and process noise (error in variable setting). Certificates
of state-feedback superstability or quadratic stability of all plants in a
consistency set are provided by solving a feasibility program formed by
polynomial nonnegativity constraints. Under mild compactness and
data-collection assumptions, SOS tightenings in rising degree will converge to
recover the true superstabilizing controller, with slight conservatism
introduced for quadratic stabilizability. The performance of this SOS method is
improved through the application of a theorem of alternatives while retaining
tightness, in which the unknown noise variables are eliminated from the
consistency set description. This SOS feasibility method is extended to provide
worst-case-optimal robust controllers under H2 control costs. The consistency
set description may be broadened to include cases where the data and process
are affected by a combination of L-infinity bounded measurement, process, and
input noise. Further generalizations include varying noise sets, non-uniform
sampling, and switched systems stabilization.Comment: 27 pages, 1 figure, 9 table
Studies on the purification and characteristization of ribitol dehydrogenase messenger RNA from Klebsiella aerogenes
Imperial Users onl
ESPRESSO: The next European exoplanet hunter
The acronym ESPRESSO stems for Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanets and
Stable Spectroscopic Observations; this instrument will be the next VLT high
resolution spectrograph. The spectrograph will be installed at the
Combined-Coud\'e Laboratory of the VLT and linked to the four 8.2 m Unit
Telescopes (UT) through four optical Coud\'e trains. ESPRESSO will combine
efficiency and extreme spectroscopic precision. ESPRESSO is foreseen to achieve
a gain of two magnitudes with respect to its predecessor HARPS, and to improve
the instrumental radial-velocity precision to reach the 10 cm/s level. It can
be operated either with a single UT or with up to four UTs, enabling an
additional gain in the latter mode. The incoherent combination of four
telescopes and the extreme precision requirements called for many innovative
design solutions while ensuring the technical heritage of the successful HARPS
experience. ESPRESSO will allow to explore new frontiers in most domains of
astrophysics that require precision and sensitivity. The main scientific
drivers are the search and characterization of rocky exoplanets in the
habitable zone of quiet, nearby G to M-dwarfs and the analysis of the
variability of fundamental physical constants. The project passed the final
design review in May 2013 and entered the manufacturing phase. ESPRESSO will be
installed at the Paranal Observatory in 2016 and its operation is planned to
start by the end of the same year.Comment: 12 pages, figures included, accepted for publication in Astron. Nach
Resolving intrinsically disordered proteins of the cancer genome with ion mobility mass spectrometry
For proteins the link between their structure and their function is a central tenet of
biology. A common approach to understanding protein function is to ‘solve’ its
structure and subsequently probe interactions between the protein and its binding
partners. The first part of this approach is non-trivial for proteins where localised
regions or even their entire structure fail to fold into a three-dimensional structure
and yet they possess function. These so called intrinsically or inherently disordered
proteins (IDP’s) or intrinsically disordered regions (IDR’s) constitute up to 40% of
all expressed proteins. IDPs which have crucial roles in molecular recognition,
assembly, protein modification and entropic chain activities, are often dynamic with
respect to both conformation and interaction, so in the course of a protein’s ‘lifespan’
it will sample many configurations and bind to several targets. For these proteins,
there is a need to develop new methods for structure characterization which exploit
their biophysical properties. The solvent free environment of a mass spectrometer is
ideally suited to the study of intrinsic interactions and how they contribute to
structure. Ion mobility mass spectrometry is uniquely able to observe the range of
structures an IDP can occupy, and also the effect of selected binding partners on
altering this conformational space.
This thesis details the technique of ion mobility mass spectrometry and illustrates its
use in assessing the relative disorder of p53 protein. The tumour suppressor p53 is at
the hub of a plethora of signalling pathways that maintain the integrity of the human
genome and regulate the cell cycle. Deregulation of this protein has a great effect on
carcinogenesis as mutated p53 can induce an amplified epigenetic instability of
tumour cells, facilitating and accelerating the evolution of the tumour. Herein mass
spectrometry provides a compelling, detailed insight into the conformational
flexibility of the p53 DNA-binding domain. The plasticity of the p53 DNA-binding
domain is reflected in the existence of more than one conformation, independent of
any conformational changes prompted by binding. The in vacuo conformational
phenotypes exhibited by common cancer-associated mutations are determined and the second-site suppressor mutation from loop L1, H115N, is probed whether it
could trigger conformational changes in p53 hotspot cancer mutations. The structural
basis of the binding promiscuity of p53 protein is investigated; of particular interest
is the molecular interaction of the p53 N-terminus with the oncoprotein murine
double minute 2, as well as with the antiapoptotic factor B-cell lymphoma-extralarge
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