164 research outputs found

    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volume

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    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volum

    On linear, fractional, and submodular optimization

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    In this thesis, we study four fundamental problems in the theory of optimization. 1. In fractional optimization, we are interested in minimizing a ratio of two functions over some domain. A well-known technique for solving this problem is the Newton– Dinkelbach method. We propose an accelerated version of this classical method and give a new analysis using the Bregman divergence. We show how it leads to improved or simplified results in three application areas. 2. The diameter of a polyhedron is the maximum length of a shortest path between any two vertices. The circuit diameter is a relaxation of this notion, whereby shortest paths are not restricted to edges of the polyhedron. For a polyhedron in standard equality form with constraint matrix A, we prove an upper bound on the circuit diameter that is quadratic in the rank of A and logarithmic in the circuit imbalance measure of A. We also give circuit augmentation algorithms for linear programming with similar iteration complexity. 3. The correlation gap of a set function is the ratio between its multilinear and concave extensions. We present improved lower bounds on the correlation gap of a matroid rank function, parametrized by the rank and girth of the matroid. We also prove that for a weighted matroid rank function, the worst correlation gap is achieved with uniform weights. Such improved lower bounds have direct applications in submodular maximization and mechanism design. 4. The last part of this thesis concerns parity games, a problem intimately related to linear programming. A parity game is an infinite-duration game between two players on a graph. The problem of deciding the winner lies in NP and co-NP, with no known polynomial algorithm to date. Many of the fastest (quasi-polynomial) algorithms have been unified via the concept of a universal tree. We propose a strategy iteration framework which can be applied on any universal tree

    LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volume

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    LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volum

    Data analysis with merge trees

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    Today’s data are increasingly complex and classical statistical techniques need growingly more refined mathematical tools to be able to model and investigate them. Paradigmatic situations are represented by data which need to be considered up to some kind of trans- formation and all those circumstances in which the analyst finds himself in the need of defining a general concept of shape. Topological Data Analysis (TDA) is a field which is fundamentally contributing to such challenges by extracting topological information from data with a plethora of interpretable and computationally accessible pipelines. We con- tribute to this field by developing a series of novel tools, techniques and applications to work with a particular topological summary called merge tree. To analyze sets of merge trees we introduce a novel metric structure along with an algorithm to compute it, define a framework to compare different functions defined on merge trees and investigate the metric space obtained with the aforementioned metric. Different geometric and topolog- ical properties of the space of merge trees are established, with the aim of obtaining a deeper understanding of such trees. To showcase the effectiveness of the proposed metric, we develop an application in the field of Functional Data Analysis, working with functions up to homeomorphic reparametrization, and in the field of radiomics, where each patient is represented via a clustering dendrogram

    Optimal distance query reconstruction for graphs without long induced cycles

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    Let G=(V,E)G=(V,E) be an nn-vertex connected graph of maximum degree Δ\Delta. Given access to VV and an oracle that given two vertices u,vVu,v\in V, returns the shortest path distance between uu and vv, how many queries are needed to reconstruct EE? We give a simple deterministic algorithm to reconstruct trees using ΔnlogΔn+(Δ+2)n\Delta n\log_\Delta n+(\Delta+2)n distance queries and show that even randomised algorithms need to use at least 1100ΔnlogΔn\frac1{100} \Delta n\log_\Delta n queries in expectation. The best previous lower bound was an information-theoretic lower bound of Ω(nlogn/loglogn)\Omega(n\log n/\log \log n). Our lower bound also extends to related query models including distance queries for phylogenetic trees, membership queries for learning partitions and path queries in directed trees. We extend our deterministic algorithm to reconstruct graphs without induced cycles of length at least kk using OΔ,k(nlogn)O_{\Delta,k}(n\log n) queries, which includes various graph classes of interest such as chordal graphs, permutation graphs and AT-free graphs. Since the previously best known randomised algorithm for chordal graphs uses OΔ(nlog2n)O_{\Delta}(n\log^2 n) queries in expectation, we both get rid off the randomness and get the optimal dependency in nn for chordal graphs and various other graph classes. Finally, we build on an algorithm of Kannan, Mathieu, and Zhou [ICALP, 2015] to give a randomised algorithm for reconstructing graphs of treelength kk using OΔ,k(nlog2n)O_{\Delta,k}(n\log^2n) queries in expectation.Comment: 35 page

    Simplicial bounded cohomology and stability

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    We introduce a set of combinatorial techniques for studying the simplicial bounded cohomology of semi-simplicial sets, simplicial complexes and posets. We apply these methods to prove several new bounded acyclicity results for semi-simplicial sets appearing in the homological stability literature. Our strategy is to recast classical arguments (due to Bestvina, Maazen, van der Kallen, Vogtmann, Charney and, recently, Galatius--Randal-Williams) in the setting of bounded cohomology using uniformly bounded refinements of well-known simplicial tools. Combined with ideas developed by Monod and De la Cruz Mengual--Hartnick, we deduce slope-1/21/2 stability results for the bounded cohomology of two large classes of linear groups: general linear groups over any ring with finite Bass stable rank and certain automorphism groups of quadratic modules over the integers or any field of characteristic zero. We expect that many other results in the literature on homological stability admit bounded cohomological analogues by applying the blueprint provided in this work.Comment: 53 pages. Comments welcome

    Combinatorics of the Permutahedra, Associahedra, and Friends

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    I present an overview of the research I have conducted for the past ten years in algebraic, bijective, enumerative, and geometric combinatorics. The two main objects I have studied are the permutahedron and the associahedron as well as the two partial orders they are related to: the weak order on permutations and the Tamari lattice. This document contains a general introduction (Chapters 1 and 2) on those objects which requires very little previous knowledge and should be accessible to non-specialist such as master students. Chapters 3 to 8 present the research I have conducted and its general context. You will find: * a presentation of the current knowledge on Tamari interval and a precise description of the family of Tamari interval-posets which I have introduced along with the rise-contact involution to prove the symmetry of the rises and the contacts in Tamari intervals; * my most recent results concerning q, t-enumeration of Catalan objects and Tamari intervals in relation with triangular partitions; * the descriptions of the integer poset lattice and integer poset Hopf algebra and their relations to well known structures in algebraic combinatorics; * the construction of the permutree lattice, the permutree Hopf algebra and permutreehedron; * the construction of the s-weak order and s-permutahedron along with the s-Tamari lattice and s-associahedron. Chapter 9 is dedicated to the experimental method in combinatorics research especially related to the SageMath software. Chapter 10 describes the outreach efforts I have participated in and some of my approach towards mathematical knowledge and inclusion.Comment: 163 pages, m\'emoire d'Habilitation \`a diriger des Recherche

    Isometric Path Complexity of Graphs

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    Parameterizing Path Partitions

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    We study the algorithmic complexity of partitioning the vertex set of a given (di)graph into a small number of paths. The Path Partition problem (PP) has been studied extensively, as it includes Hamiltonian Path as a special case. The natural variants where the paths are required to be either \emph{induced} (Induced Path Partition, IPP) or \emph{shortest} (Shortest Path Partition, SPP), have received much less attention. Both problems are known to be NP-complete on undirected graphs; we strengthen this by showing that they remain so even on planar bipartite directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), and that SPP remains \NP-hard on undirected bipartite graphs. When parameterized by the natural parameter ``number of paths'', both SPP and IPP are shown to be W{1}-hard on DAGs. We also show that SPP is in \XP both for DAGs and undirected graphs for the same parameter, as well as for other special subclasses of directed graphs (IPP is known to be NP-hard on undirected graphs, even for two paths). On the positive side, we show that for undirected graphs, both problems are in FPT, parameterized by neighborhood diversity. We also give an explicit algorithm for the vertex cover parameterization of PP. When considering the dual parameterization (graph order minus number of paths), all three variants, IPP, SPP and PP, are shown to be in FPT for undirected graphs. We also lift the mentioned neighborhood diversity and dual parameterization results to directed graphs; here, we need to define a proper novel notion of directed neighborhood diversity. As we also show, most of our results also transfer to the case of covering by edge-disjoint paths, and purely covering.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures. A short version appeared in the proceedings of the CIAC 2023 conferenc

    LIPIcs, Volume 258, SoCG 2023, Complete Volume

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    LIPIcs, Volume 258, SoCG 2023, Complete Volum
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